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Senarmontite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Senarmontite
Formula:
Sb2O3
Colour:
Colourless to gray
Lustre:
Sub-Adamantine, Resinous
Hardness:
2 - 2½
Specific Gravity:
5.5
Crystal System:
Isometric
Name:
Named by J.D. Dana in 1851 in honor of Henri Hureau de Sénarmont (6 September 1808, Broué, France – 30 June 1862, Paris, France), Professor of Mineralogy, School of Mines, Paris, who first described the species. De Sénarmont also made significant contributions to the study of polarization and demonstrating the anisotropy of heat diffusion in a crystal.
Type Locality:
Dimorph of:
Isostructural with:
This page provides mineralogical data about Senarmontite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3618
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3618:0
IMA Classification of Senarmontite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Sb3+2O3
First published:
1851
Classification of Senarmontite
4.CB.50
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
B : With medium-sized cations
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
B : With medium-sized cations
4.3.9.2
4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
3 : A2X3
4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
3 : A2X3
7.13.3
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
13 : Oxides of As, Sb and Bi
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
13 : Oxides of As, Sb and Bi
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Sen | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Sen | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Senarmontite
Sub-Adamantine, Resinous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Colourless to gray
Streak:
White
Hardness:
2 - 2½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Poor/Indistinct
{111} in traces.
{111} in traces.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
5.5 g/cm3 (Measured) 5.584 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Senarmontite
Type:
Isotropic
RI values:
n = 2.087
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Anisotropism:
Strong anomalous anisotropism, sectored or zoned.
Chemistry of Senarmontite
Mindat Formula:
Sb2O3
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Senarmontite
Crystal System:
Isometric
Class (H-M):
m3m(4/m32/m) - Hexoctahedral
Space Group:
Fd3m
Cell Parameters:
a = 11.1519(2) Å
Unit Cell V:
1,386.90 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
16
Morphology:
Octahedral crystals, modified by cube and dodecahedron.
Comment:
On synthetic material
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0015530 | Senarmontite | Zav'yalova A A, Imamov R M (1975) About the structure of the cubic modification of Sb2O3 Soviet Journal of Coordination Chemistry 1 1186-1188 | 1975 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
| 0009536 | Senarmontite | Svensson C (1975) Refinement of the crystal structure of cubic antiomony trioxide, Sb2O3 Acta Crystallographica B31 2016-2018 | ![]() | 1975 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
| 0014075 | Senarmontite | Bozorth R M (1923) The crystal structures of the cubic forms of arsenious and antimonous oxides Journal of the American Chemical Society 45 1621-1627 | 1923 | Mt. Hamimat, Algeria | 0 | 293 | |
| 0012430 | Senarmontite | Whitten A E, Dittrich B, Spackman M A, Turner P, Brown T C (2004) Charge density analysis of two polymorphs of antimony(III) oxide Dalton Transactions 2004 23-29 | 2004 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0010494 | Senarmontite | Dehlinger U (1927) Uber die kristallstruktur der antimonoxyde Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 66 108-119 | ![]() | 1927 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Loading XRD data...
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 6.44 Å | (12) |
| 3.218 Å | (100) |
| 2.788 Å | (40) |
| 2.559 Å | (11) |
| 1.972 Å | (42) |
| 1.681 Å | (35) |
| 1.279 Å | (12) |
Comments:
Synthetic.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47d : [Arsenates, antimonates, selenates, bismuthinates] | |
| 47h : [Near-surface oxidized, dehydrated minerals] |
Type Occurrence of Senarmontite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Cavernous masses composed of capillary filaments, parallel or slightly divergent. Also in saccharoid masses, granular or compact, with cavities of octahedral crystals to 1 cm.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
No designated type material.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Oxidation zone of an antimony deposit.
Synonyms of Senarmontite
Other Language Names for Senarmontite
Dutch:Senarmontiet
German:Senarmontit
Russian:Сенармонтит
Simplified Chinese:方锑矿
Spanish:Senarmontita
Traditional Chinese:方銻礦
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 72 photos of Senarmontite associated with Stibnite | Sb2S3 |
| 57 photos of Senarmontite associated with Valentinite | Sb2O3 |
| 37 photos of Senarmontite associated with Kermesite | Sb2S2O |
| 18 photos of Senarmontite associated with Stibiconite | Sb3+Sb5+2O6(OH) |
| 15 photos of Senarmontite associated with Native Antimony | Sb |
| 12 photos of Senarmontite associated with Native Sulphur | S8 |
| 10 photos of Senarmontite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 10 photos of Senarmontite associated with Baryte | BaSO4 |
| 7 photos of Senarmontite associated with Metastibnite | Sb2S3 |
| 6 photos of Senarmontite associated with Celestine | SrSO4 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.CB. | Magnesiohögbomite-6N12S | Mg5Al11TiO23(OH) |
| 4.CB. | Kidodite | BaMg2Fe16O27 |
| 4.CB. | Ferrohögbomite-2N2S | [(Fe2+,Mg,Zn,Al)3(Al,Ti,Fe3+)8O15(OH)]2 |
| 4.CB. | Zhenruite | (MoO3)2 · H2O |
| 4.CB. | Fuyuanite | Mg7Nb6O18(OH)8 |
| 4.CB. | Virgilluethite | MoO3 · H2O |
| 4.CB. | Pengite | (Pb8Sb3+3)Σ11Sb5+9O35 |
| 4.CB.05 | Brizziite | NaSb5+O3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Tistarite | Ti3+2O3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Ecandrewsite | ZnTiO3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Melanostibite | Mn2+2Fe3+Sb5+O6 |
| 4.CB.05 | 'UM1998-11-O-AuHSb' | Au+2Sb3+O2(OH) |
| 4.CB.05 | Karelianite | V3+2O3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Corundum | Al2O3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Eskolaite | Cr2O3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Geikielite | MgTiO3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Akimotoite | MgSiO3 |
| 4.CB.05 | 'Unnamed (Fe-Cr Oxide)' | FeCrO3 |
| 4.CB.05 | 'Auroantimonate' | AuSbO3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Hemleyite | Fe2+SiO3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Pyrophanite | Mn2+TiO3 |
| 4.CB.10 | Bixbyite-(Fe) | (Fe,Mn)2O3 |
| 4.CB.10 | Bixbyite-(Mn) | Mn3+2O3 |
| 4.CB.10 | Avicennite | Tl3+2O3 |
| 4.CB.15 | Armalcolite | MgTi4+2O5 |
| 4.CB.15 | Ferropseudobrookite | Fe2+Ti4+2O5 |
| 4.CB.15 | Griffinite | Al2Ti4+O5 |
| 4.CB.15 | Pseudobrookite Group | |
| 4.CB.15 | Sassite | Ti3+2Ti4+O5 |
| 4.CB.15 | Pseudobrookite | Fe3+2Ti4+O5 |
| 4.CB.20 | Zincovelesite-6N6S | Zn3(Fe3+,Mn3+,Al,Ti)8O15(OH) |
| 4.CB.20 | Magnesiohögbomite-2N4S | (Mg8.43Fe2+1.57)Σ=10Al22Ti4+2O46(OH)2 |
| 4.CB.20 | Magnesiobeltrandoite-2N3S | (Mg6Al2)(Al18Fe3+2)O38(OH)2 |
| 4.CB.20 | Zincohögbomite-2N6S | [(Zn,Mg)7(Al,Fe3+,Ti)16O31(OH)]2 |
| 4.CB.20 | Magnesiohögbomite-6N6S | [(Mg,Fe2+)3(Al,Ti,Fe3+)8O15(OH)]6 |
| 4.CB.20 | Magnesiohögbomite-2N3S | [(Mg,Fe2+,Zn)4(Al,Ti,Fe3+)10O19(OH)]2 |
| 4.CB.20 | Magnesiohögbomite-2N2S | [(Mg,Fe2+)3[Al7(Ti,Fe3+)]O15(OH)]2 |
| 4.CB.20 | 'Ferrohögbomite-6N12S' | [(Fe2+,Mg,Zn)5(Al,Ti,Fe3+)12O23(OH)]6 |
| 4.CB.20 | Zincohögbomite-2N2S | [(Zn,Al,Fe2+)3(Al,Fe3+,Ti)8O15(OH)]2 |
| 4.CB.25 | Kleberite | FeTi6O11(OH)5 |
| 4.CB.25 | Pseudorutile | Fe3+2Ti4+3O9 |
| 4.CB.30 | Oxyvanite | V3+2V4+O5 |
| 4.CB.30 | Berdesinskiite | V3+2TiO5 |
| 4.CB.30 | Kaitianite | Ti3+2Ti4+O5 |
| 4.CB.35 | Machiite | Al2Ti3O9 |
| 4.CB.35 | Vestaite | (Ti4+Fe2+)Ti4+3O9 |
| 4.CB.35 | Olkhonskite | (Cr,V)2Ti3O9 |
| 4.CB.35 | Schreyerite | V3+2Ti4+3O9 |
| 4.CB.40 | Zincorinmanite-(Zn) | Zn2Sb2(Fe3+4Zn2)O14(OH)2 |
| 4.CB.40 | Majindeite | Mg2Mo3O8 |
| 4.CB.40 | Almagreraite | CuZnMn4+3O8 |
| 4.CB.40 | Kamiokite | Fe2Mo3O8 |
| 4.CB.40 | Nolanite | V3+8Fe3+2O14(OH)2 |
| 4.CB.40 | Iseite | Mn2Mo3O8 |
| 4.CB.40 | Rinmanite | Zn2Sb2Mg2Fe4O14(OH)2 |
| 4.CB.45 | Stibioclaudetite | AsSbO3 |
| 4.CB.45 |







Djebel Hammimat Mine, Aïn Babouche, Ain Babouche District, Oum el Bouaghi Province, Algeria