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Kleberite

A valid IMA mineral species
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01765370017271929548837.jpg
Kleberite

Alluvial sands, Königshain-Wiederau, Mittelsachsen, Saxony, Germany
00308680017844674394113.jpg
Kleberite, etc.

Alluvial sands, Königshain-Wiederau, Mittelsachsen, Saxony, Germany
01605380017271929558467.jpg
Kleberite

Alluvial sands, Königshain-Wiederau, Mittelsachsen, Saxony, Germany
09255820017847882708593.jpg
Kleberite

Alluvial sands, Königshain-Wiederau, Mittelsachsen, Saxony, Germany
02943350017843565741477.jpg
Kleberite, etc.

Alluvial sands, Königshain-Wiederau, Mittelsachsen, Saxony, Germany
01605380017271929558467.jpg
Kleberite

Alluvial sands, Königshain-Wiederau, Mittelsachsen, Saxony, Germany
01765370017271929548837.jpg
Kleberite

Alluvial sands, Königshain-Wiederau, Mittelsachsen, Saxony, Germany
00308680017844674394113.jpg
Kleberite, etc.

Alluvial sands, Königshain-Wiederau, Mittelsachsen, Saxony, Germany
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About KleberiteHide

05872200017271929563831.jpg
Will Kleber
Formula:
FeTi6O11(OH)5
Structural formula: [Ti34+◻][Ti34+Fe3+]O11(OH)5
Colour:
Red-brown, orange, brown
Lustre:
Vitreous, Waxy
Specific Gravity:
3.28
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named for Wilhelm "Will" Kleber (15 December 1906 - 27 August 1970), a German mineralogist, crystallographer and petrologist, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany. The mineral name was originally published without IMA approval, but the species was finally officially approved in 2012.
Isostructural with:
Pseudorutile, Tivanite
Chemically similar to 'Hydroxylian Pseudorutile'.

Product of the alteration of ilmenite.

The structure is described as a unit-cell scale intergrowth of two elements: (1) goethite-type M(2)O(OH), with M(2) = Ti, and (2) rutile-type M(1)O2. The intergrowth plane is parallel to (100).


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
10804
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:10804:3

Similar NamesHide

GlauberiteA valid IMA mineral species - grandfatheredNa2Ca(SO4)2
KaliboriteA valid IMA mineral species - grandfatheredKMg2H[B6O8(OH)5]2(H2O)4
KleberitaA synonym of 'Hydroxylian Pseudorutile'

IMA Classification of KleberiteHide

IMA status:
Approved
IMA Formula:
Fe3+Ti4+6O11(OH)5
Approval year:
2012

Classification of KleberiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):
4.CB.25

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
B : With medium-sized cations
Dana 8th ed.:
8.4.3.

8 : MULTIPLE OXIDES CONTAINING NIOBIUM,TANTALUM OR TITANIUM
4 : A2B3O9

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference for Standard
KbrIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of KleberiteHide

Lustre:
Vitreous, Waxy
Colour:
Red-brown, orange, brown
Comment:
Becomes orange when the Fe content decrease; yellow through red-brown to deep red in transmitted light.
Streak:
Beige
Tenacity:
Brittle
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
3.28 g/cm3 (Measured)    3.91 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
Measured density lower than the calculated one due to intragrain porosity.

Optical Data of KleberiteHide

Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
n = 2.16(3)
Birefringence:
0.04-0.05
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).

This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral colouration.
In focus
Dispersion:
Locally biaxial (-) with 2V ~0; average n value given

Chemistry of KleberiteHide

Mindat Formula:
FeTi6O11(OH)5

Structural formula: [Ti34+◻][Ti34+Fe3+]O11(OH)5
Element Weights:
Element% weight
Ti47.544 %
O42.377 %
Fe9.245 %
H0.834 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.
Ti
O
Fe
H
Elements listed:
Fe, H, O, Ti - search for minerals with similar chemistry
Common Impurities:
Mg,(V)

Crystallography of KleberiteHide

Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/c
Setting:
P21/c
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.5259(6) Å, b = 4.5741(2) Å, c = 9.854(1) Å
β = 130.784(6)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.645 : 1 : 2.154
Unit Cell V:
256.85 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Comment:
Pseudohexagonal subcell (due to multiple twinning) with a = 2.845, c = 4.575 A (similar to pseudorutile which has a subcell with a = 2.866, c = 4.602 A) (Grey et al., 2013).

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0019794KleberiteGrey I E, Steinike K, MacRae C M (2013) Kleberite, Fe3+Ti6O11(OH)5, a new ilmenite alteration product, from Konigshain, northeast Germany Mineralogical Magazine 77 45-552013Konigshain, northeast Germany0293
0020642KleberiteGrey I E, Bordet P, Wilson N C, Townend R, Bastow T J, Brunelli M (2010) A new Al-rich hydroxylian pseudorutile from Kalimantan, Indonesia American Mineralogist 95 161-1702010Kalimantan, Indonesia0293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
3.933 Å(8)
2.764 Å(9)
2.466 Å(27)
2.170 Å(82)
1.676 Å(100)
1.423 Å(22)
1.297 Å(6)
1.085 Å(6)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event<2.4
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals]

Type Occurrence of KleberiteHide

Co-Type Localities:
ⓘ Murray Basin, South Australia, Australia
ⓘ Alluvial sands, Roda, Frohburg, Leipzig District, Saxony, Germany
ⓘ Alluvial sands, Königshain-Wiederau, Mittelsachsen, Saxony, Germany
ⓘ Kalimantan (Borneo), Indonesia
General Appearance of Type Material:
Rounded grains, anhedral to euhedral, 0.04-0.3 mm.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Type specimens from Murray Basin and Kalimantan: Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, nos. M52010 and M52011, respectively. Type specimen from Königshain: Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany, no. 1980-0283.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Tertiary sands of Königshain.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
'Ferrian Ilmenite''Leucoxene'Pseudorutile

Synonyms of KleberiteHide

Other Language Names for KleberiteHide

Dutch:Kleberiet
German:Kleberit

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:
1 photo of Kleberite associated with PseudorutileFe3+2Ti4+3O9
1 photo of Kleberite associated with QuartzSiO2

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

4.CB.Magnesiohögbomite-6N12SMg5Al11TiO23(OH)Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
4.CB.KidoditeBaMg2Fe16O27Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CB.Ferrohögbomite-2N2S[(Fe2+,Mg,Zn,Al)3(Al,Ti,Fe3+)8O15(OH)]2Hex. 6mm : P63mc
4.CB.Zhenruite(MoO3)2 · H2OMon. 2/m : P21/m
4.CB.FuyuaniteMg7Nb6O18(OH)8Trig. 3 : P3
4.CB.VirgilluethiteMoO3 · H2OMon. 2/m : P21/c
4.CB.Pengite(Pb8Sb3+3)Σ11Sb5+9O35Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
4.CB.05BrizziiteNaSb5+O3Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05TistariteTi3+2O3Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3c
4.CB.05HematiteFe2O3Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3c
4.CB.05EcandrewsiteZnTiO3Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05MelanostibiteMn2+2Fe3+Sb5+O6Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05'UM1998-11-O-AuHSb'Au+2Sb3+O2(OH)
4.CB.05KarelianiteV3+2O3Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3c
4.CB.05CorundumAl2O3Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3c
4.CB.05EskolaiteCr2O3Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3c
4.CB.05GeikieliteMgTiO3Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05AkimotoiteMgSiO3Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05'Unnamed (Fe-Cr Oxide)'FeCrO3Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05'Auroantimonate'AuSbO3
4.CB.05HemleyiteFe2+SiO3Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05IlmeniteFe2+TiO3Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.05PyrophaniteMn2+TiO3Trig. 3 : R3
4.CB.10Bixbyite-(Fe)(Fe,Mn)2O3Iso.
4.CB.10Bixbyite-(Mn)Mn3+2O3Iso. m3(2/m3) : Ia3
4.CB.10AvicenniteTl3+2O3Iso. m3(2/m3) : Ia3
4.CB.15ArmalcoliteMgTi4+2O5Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
4.CB.15FerropseudobrookiteFe2+Ti4+2O5Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
4.CB.15GriffiniteAl2Ti4+O5Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
4.CB.15Pseudobrookite Group
4.CB.15SassiteTi3+2Ti4+O5Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
4.CB.15PseudobrookiteFe3+2Ti4+O5Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
4.CB.20Zincovelesite-6N6SZn3(Fe3+,Mn3+,Al,Ti)8O15(OH)Trig. 3m(32/m) : P3m1
4.CB.20Magnesiohögbomite-2N4S(Mg8.43Fe2+1.57)Σ=10Al22Ti4+2O46(OH)2Hex. 6mm : P63mc
4.CB.20Magnesiobeltrandoite-2N3S(Mg6Al2)(Al18Fe3+2)O38(OH)2 Trig. 3m : P3m1
4.CB.20Zincohögbomite-2N6S[(Zn,Mg)7(Al,Fe3+,Ti)16O31(OH)]2Hex. 6mm : P63mc
4.CB.20Magnesiohögbomite-6N6S[(Mg,Fe2+)3(Al,Ti,Fe3+)8O15(OH)]6Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
4.CB.20Magnesiohögbomite-2N3S[(Mg,Fe2+,Zn)4(Al,Ti,Fe3+)10O19(OH)]2Trig. 3m(32/m) : P31m
4.CB.20Magnesiohögbomite-2N2S[(Mg,Fe2+)3[Al7(Ti,Fe3+)]O15(OH)]2Hex. 6mm : P63mc
4.CB.20'Ferrohögbomite-6N12S'[(Fe2+,Mg,Zn)5(Al,Ti,Fe3+)12O23(OH)]6Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
4.CB.20Zincohögbomite-2N2S[(Zn,Al,Fe2+)3(Al,Fe3+,Ti)8O15(OH)]2Hex. 6mm : P63mc
4.CB.25PseudorutileFe3+2Ti4+3O9Hex. 622 : P6322
4.CB.30OxyvaniteV3+2V4+O5Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.CB.30BerdesinskiiteV3+2TiO5Mon.
4.CB.30KaitianiteTi3+2Ti4+O5Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.CB.35MachiiteAl2Ti3O9Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.CB.35Vestaite(Ti4+Fe2+)Ti4+3O9Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.CB.35Olkhonskite(Cr,V)2Ti3O9Mon.
4.CB.35SchreyeriteV3+2Ti4+3O9Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.CB.40Zincorinmanite-(Zn)Zn2Sb2(Fe3+4Zn2)O14(OH)2Hex. 6mm : P63mc
4.CB.40MajindeiteMg2Mo3O8Hex. 6mm : P63mc
4.CB.40AlmagreraiteCuZnMn4+3O8Orth. mm2 : Pmn21
4.CB.40KamiokiteFe2Mo3O8Hex. 6mm : P63mc
4.CB.40NolaniteV3+8Fe3+2O14(OH)2Hex. 6mm : P63mc
4.CB.40IseiteMn2Mo3O8Hex. 6mm : P63mc
4.CB.40RinmaniteZn2Sb2Mg2Fe4O14(OH)2Hex. 6 : P63
4.CB.45StibioclaudetiteAsSbO3Mon. 2/m : P21/m
4.CB.45ClaudetiteAs2O3Mon. 2/m : P21/c
4.CB.50SenarmontiteSb2O3Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.CB.50ArsenoliteAs2O3Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
4.CB.55ValentiniteSb2O3Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pccn
4.CB.60BismiteBi2O3Mon. 2/m : P21/c
4.CB.65SphaerobismoiteBi2O3Tet.
4.CB.70SilléniteBi12SiO20Iso. 23 : I23
4.CB.75KyzylkumiteV3+Ti2O5(OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/c
4.CB.80'Tietaiyangite'Fe3+4Fe2+TiO9Hex.
4.CB.85LiuiteFeTiO3Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
4.CB.90LuogufengiteFe2O3Orth. mm2 : Pna21
4.CB.95WangdaodeiteFeTiO3Trig. 3m : R3c

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for KleberiteHide

References for KleberiteHide

Reference List:
Dyadchenko, M.G., Khatuntseva, A.Ya. (1960) К минералогии и геохимии процесса выветривания иль’менита [On the mineralogy and geochemistry of the weathering process of ilmenite.]. Доклады Академии Наук СССР [Reports of the USSR Academy of Sciences.], 132 (2) 435-438
Steinike, K., Rohde, G., Bautsch, H. J. (2006) Zur Entdeckung des Minerals Kleberit. Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Kristallographie e.V., 32. 15-18
Steinike, K., Kaemmel, Th. (2008) Kleberit – Pseudorutil/Hydroxyl-Pseudorutil – zwei Welten – zwei Namen – ein Mineral?. Geohistorischer Blätter, 11 (1-2) 1-8
Steinike, K. (2008) Die Entdeckungsgeschichte des Kleberits im nordöstlichen Teil Deutschlands (1949 - 1990 Staatsgebiet der DDR) Geohistorischer Blätter, 11 (1-2) 121-128
Williams, P. A., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S. J. (2012) New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2012. CNMNC Newsletter No 14. Mineralogical Magazine, 76 (5) 1281-1288 doi:10.1180/minmag.2012.076.5.15
Grey, I. E., Steinike, K., MacRae, C. M. (2013) Kleberite, Fe3+Ti6O11(OH)5, a new ilmenite alteration product, from Königshain, northeast Germany. Mineralogical Magazine, 77 (1) 45-55 doi:10.1180/minmag.2013.077.1.05
(2016) Kleberite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America
Imperial, Alexis, Pe-Piper, Georgia, Piper, David J. W., Grey, Ian E. (2022) Identifying Pseudorutile and Kleberite Using Raman Spectroscopy. Minerals, 12 (10) 1210 doi:10.3390/min12101210

Localities for KleberiteHide

Showing 6 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia (TL)
 
  • South Australia
Williams et al. (2012) +1 other reference
Germany (TL)
 
  • Saxony
    • Leipzig District
      • Frohburg
        • Roda
Williams et al. (2012) +1 other reference
    • Mittelsachsen
      • Königshain-Wiederau
Williams et al. (2012) +1 other reference
Indonesia (TL)
 
Williams et al. (2012) +1 other reference
Senegal
 
  • Thiès Region
    • Tivaouane
Delaporte (2020)
Ukraine
 
  • Donetsk Oblast
    • Volnovakha Raion
Sharygin et al. (2011)
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