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Benallt Mine, Rhiw, Aberdaron, Gwynedd, Wales, UKi
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Benallt Mine | Mine (Abandoned) |
| Rhiw | Hamlet |
| Aberdaron | Community |
| Gwynedd | County |
| Wales | Country |
| UK | Country |
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
52° 49' 14'' North , 4° 38' 20'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
UK National Grid Reference:
SH222281
Type:
Mine (Abandoned) - last checked 2020
Deposit first discovered:
1886
Kรถppen climate type:
Nearest Settlements:
| Place | Population | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| Mynytho | 536 (2017) | 8.9km |
| Abersoch | 783 (2017) | 8.9km |
| Llanbedrog | 613 (2017) | 11.0km |
| Morfa Nefyn | 857 (2017) | 13.8km |
| Nefyn | 1,373 (2017) | 14.9km |
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
Tyddyn Meirion mine; Ty Canol mine; Benallt Iron and Manganese Mine
The Benallt mine was opened in 1886 and continued to produce manganese ore until 1894, when the site was abandoned.
Although separately owned, Benallt and the adjoining Rhiw Mine worked the same orebody and both surface and underground workings were amalgamated. The northeast part of the orebody worked by the Rhiw Mine was Crown property, whilst the larger Benallt Mine to the southwest was in private ownership. The distinction between the two mines on the ground is unclear (however, a large steam boiler remaining on the site is in the Rhiw Mine set).
The Benallt mine was reworked in 1904 as the Benallt No. 2 mine when further reserves of manganese were delineated. However, the orebody appears to have been almost exhausted by 1914, and the company then turned their attention to the Nant mine, a more regular orebody on the coast that was located about 1 mile (1.61 km) SSW of Benallt. The Nant Mine lasted until 1925.
Benallt was reopened by the Ministry of Supply in 1939 to produce minerals for the war effort, this final work incorporating the Rhiw Mine together with the small Tyddyn Meirion (SH221277) and Ty Canol (SH220278) mines immediately to the south. Together with local men, Cornish tin miners, Welsh coal miners, and a contingent of the Royal Canadian Engineers (1941) were also employed. The main use of the latter was to drain old workings and to drill to locate other orebodies.
The Bennalt mine was also one of the first to use a magnetometric survey to locate ore reserves. The survey indicated 3 anomalies, 2 of which produced 10,000 tonnes of manganese ore. The mine worked until the end of 1945.
The Benallt/Rhiw mines were linked to a jetty on the coast at the Nant Mine by a ropeway during the earlier works; this was later replaced by a 3-foot gauge railway.
Recorded output for Benallt, Rhiw, and Nant mines is estimated to be around 150,000 tonnes of manganese ore.
Given the linkage between the Benallt and Rhiw mines, it is likely that many of the minerals listed here for the Benallt Mine will also have occurred at the Rhiw Mine. While some specimens (e.g., the exceptional celsian and paracelsian found in 1911) can be related specifically to underground workings at the Benallt Mine, given that no minerals are listed separately for the Rhiw Mine, it appears that mineralogically at least, the two mines seem to be grouped under the umbrella name of the larger Benallt Mine.
The parish of Rhiw has merged into that of Llanfaelrhys to the south.
Although separately owned, Benallt and the adjoining Rhiw Mine worked the same orebody and both surface and underground workings were amalgamated. The northeast part of the orebody worked by the Rhiw Mine was Crown property, whilst the larger Benallt Mine to the southwest was in private ownership. The distinction between the two mines on the ground is unclear (however, a large steam boiler remaining on the site is in the Rhiw Mine set).
The Benallt mine was reworked in 1904 as the Benallt No. 2 mine when further reserves of manganese were delineated. However, the orebody appears to have been almost exhausted by 1914, and the company then turned their attention to the Nant mine, a more regular orebody on the coast that was located about 1 mile (1.61 km) SSW of Benallt. The Nant Mine lasted until 1925.
Benallt was reopened by the Ministry of Supply in 1939 to produce minerals for the war effort, this final work incorporating the Rhiw Mine together with the small Tyddyn Meirion (SH221277) and Ty Canol (SH220278) mines immediately to the south. Together with local men, Cornish tin miners, Welsh coal miners, and a contingent of the Royal Canadian Engineers (1941) were also employed. The main use of the latter was to drain old workings and to drill to locate other orebodies.
The Bennalt mine was also one of the first to use a magnetometric survey to locate ore reserves. The survey indicated 3 anomalies, 2 of which produced 10,000 tonnes of manganese ore. The mine worked until the end of 1945.
The Benallt/Rhiw mines were linked to a jetty on the coast at the Nant Mine by a ropeway during the earlier works; this was later replaced by a 3-foot gauge railway.
Recorded output for Benallt, Rhiw, and Nant mines is estimated to be around 150,000 tonnes of manganese ore.
Given the linkage between the Benallt and Rhiw mines, it is likely that many of the minerals listed here for the Benallt Mine will also have occurred at the Rhiw Mine. While some specimens (e.g., the exceptional celsian and paracelsian found in 1911) can be related specifically to underground workings at the Benallt Mine, given that no minerals are listed separately for the Rhiw Mine, it appears that mineralogically at least, the two mines seem to be grouped under the umbrella name of the larger Benallt Mine.
The parish of Rhiw has merged into that of Llanfaelrhys to the south.
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsCommodity List
This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.Mineral List
36 valid minerals. 4 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals.
Detailed Mineral List:
| โช Alleghanyite Formula: Mn2+5(SiO4)2(OH)2 Habit: blade-like Colour: clove-brown Description: Alleghanyite was found as individual crystals or, more commonly, composite crystals with tephroite. The composite alleghanyite/tephroite crystals are up to 2 cm in length and vary in thickness from 2 mm to microscopic size. The alleghanyite contains up to 4.8 wt% Ti. References: |
| โ Analcime Formula: Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| โ Andradite Formula: Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 |
| โ 'Apatite' Formula: Ca5(PO4)3A |
| โ Banalsite (TL) Formula: Na2BaAl4Si4O16 Type Locality: References: Smith, W. Campbell; Bannister, F. A.; Hey, Max H. (1944) Banalsite, a new barium-felspar from Wales. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 27 (186). 33-47 doi:10.1180/minmag.1944.027.186.01 |
| โ Bannisterite (TL) Formula: (Ca,K,Na)(Mn2+,Fe2+)10(Si,Al)16O38(OH)8 · nH2O Type Locality: References: Smith, Marie Lindberg, Frondel, Clifford (1968) The related layered minerals ganophyllite, bannisterite, and stilpnomelane. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 36 (283) 893-913 doi:10.1180/minmag.1968.283.036.01 |
| โ Baryte Formula: BaSO4 References: |
| โ 'Biotite' Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| โ Birnessite Formula: (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O |
| โ Bixbyite-(Mn) Formula: Mn3+2O3 |
| โ Calcite Formula: CaCO3 |
| โ Caryopilite Formula: Mn2+3Si2O5(OH)4 |
| โ Celsian Formula: Ba(Al2Si2O8) References: Spencer, L. J. (1942) Barium-felspars (celsian and paracelsian) from Wales. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 26 (178) 231-245 doi:10.1180/minmag.1942.026.178.01 |
| โ Cymrite (TL) Formula: BaAl2Si2(O,OH)8 · H2O Type Locality: Habit: masses to 2mm |
| โ Epidote-(Sr) Formula: (CaSr)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) Colour: Crimson Description: Analyses show that crimson needles embedded in celsian are almost exclusively epidote-(Sr)
|
| โ Feitknechtite Formula: Mn3+O(OH) |
| โ Fluorapatite Formula: Ca5(PO4)3F |
| โ Ganophyllite Formula: (K,Na)xMn2+6(Si,Al)10O24(OH)4 · nH2O (x = 1-2; n = 7-11) References: Smith, W. Campbell, Bannister, F. A. (1948) Ganophyllite from the Benallt Mine, Rhiw, Carnarvonshire. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 28 (201) 343-352 doi:10.1180/minmag.1948.028.201.04 |
| โ Harmotome Formula: Ba2(Si12Al4)O32 · 12H2O |
| โ Hausmannite Formula: Mn2+Mn3+2O4 |
| โ Jacobsite Formula: Mn2+Fe3+2O4 |
| โ 'Jacobsite-Q' Formula: Mn2+(Fe3+,Mn3+)2O4 |
| โ Manganite Formula: Mn3+O(OH) |
| โ Manganosite Formula: MnO |
| โ Microcline var. Hyalophane Formula: (K,Ba)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| โ Natrolite Formula: Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| โช Paracelsian Formula: Ba(Al2Si2O8) |
| โ Paragonite Formula: NaAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| โ Pennantite (TL) Formula: Mn2+5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 Type Locality: References: Campbell Smith, W., Bannister, F. A., Hey, Max H. (1946) Pennantite, a new manganese-rich chlorite from Benallt mine, Rhiw, Carnarvonshire. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 27 (194) 217-220 doi:10.1180/minmag.1946.027.194.01 |
| โ Piemontite Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) References: |
| โ Piemontite-(Sr) Formula: (CaSr)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) References: |
| โ Powellite Formula: Ca(MoO4) Description: creamy-white microcrystals References: |
| โ Pyrochroite Formula: Mn(OH)2 |
| โ Pyrolusite Formula: Mn4+O2 |
| โ Pyrophanite Formula: Mn2+TiO3 |
| โ Rhodochrosite Formula: MnCO3 |
| โ Rhodonite Formula: CaMn3Mn[Si5O15] |
| โ Romanรจchite Formula: (Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10 |
| โ Strontianite Formula: SrCO3 |
| โ Tephroite Formula: Mn2+2(SiO4) |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| โ | Manganosite | 4.AB.25 | MnO |
| โ | Jacobsite | 4.BB.05 | Mn2+Fe3+2O4 |
| โ | Hausmannite | 4.BB.10 | Mn2+Mn3+2O4 |
| โ | Pyrophanite | 4.CB.05 | Mn2+TiO3 |
| โ | Bixbyite-(Mn) | 4.CB.10 | Mn3+2O3 |
| โ | Pyrolusite | 4.DB.05 | Mn4+O2 |
| โ | Romanรจchite | 4.DK.10 | (Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10 |
| โ | Manganite | 4.FD.15 | Mn3+O(OH) |
| โ | Pyrochroite | 4.FE.05 | Mn(OH)2 |
| โ | Feitknechtite | 4.FE.25 | Mn3+O(OH) |
| โ | Birnessite | 4.FL.45 | (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 ยท 1.5H2O |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| โ | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
| โ | Rhodochrosite | 5.AB.05 | MnCO3 |
| โ | Strontianite | 5.AB.15 | SrCO3 |
| Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
| โ | Baryte | 7.AD.35 | BaSO4 |
| โ | Powellite | 7.GA.05 | Ca(MoO4) |
| Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
| โ | Fluorapatite | 8.BN.05 | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| โ | Tephroite | 9.AC.05 | Mn2+2(SiO4) |
| โ | Andradite | 9.AD.25 | Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3 |
| โ | Alleghanyite | 9.AF.45 | Mn2+5(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
| โ | Piemontite-(Sr) | 9.BG.05 | (CaSr)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| โ | Piemontite | 9.BG.05a | (CaCa)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| โ | Epidote-(Sr) | 9.BG.05a | (CaSr)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| โ | Rhodonite | 9.DK.05 | CaMn3Mn[Si5O15] |
| โ | Paragonite | 9.EC.15 | NaAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| โ | Pennantite (TL) | 9.EC.55 | Mn2+5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| โ | Caryopilite | 9.ED.15 | Mn2+3Si2O5(OH)4 |
| โ | Cymrite (TL) | 9.EG.05 | BaAl2Si2(O,OH)8 ยท H2O |
| โ | Ganophyllite | 9.EG.30 | (K,Na)xMn2+6(Si,Al)10O24(OH)4 ยท nH2O (x = 1-2; n = 7-11) |
| โ | Bannisterite (TL) | 9.EG.75 | (Ca,K,Na)(Mn2+,Fe2+)10(Si,Al)16O38(OH)8 ยท nH2O |
| โ | Celsian | 9.FA.30 | Ba(Al2Si2O8) |
| โ | Microcline var. Hyalophane | 9.FA.30 | (K,Ba)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| โ | Paracelsian | 9.FA.40 | Ba(Al2Si2O8) |
| โ | Banalsite (TL) | 9.FA.60 | Na2BaAl4Si4O16 |
| โ | Natrolite | 9.GA.05 | Na2Al2Si3O10 ยท 2H2O |
| โ | Analcime | 9.GB.05 | Na(AlSi2O6) ยท H2O |
| โ | Harmotome | 9.GC.10 | Ba2(Si12Al4)O32 ยท 12H2O |
| Unclassified | |||
| โ | 'Biotite' | - | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| โ | 'Jacobsite-Q' | - | Mn2+(Fe3+,Mn3+)2O4 |
| โ | 'Apatite' | - | Ca5(PO4)3A |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | โ Alleghanyite | Mn52+(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
| H | โ Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| H | โ Bannisterite | (Ca,K,Na)(Mn2+,Fe2+)10(Si,Al)16O38(OH)8 · nH2O |
| H | โ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| H | โ Birnessite | (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O |
| H | โ Caryopilite | Mn32+Si2O5(OH)4 |
| H | โ Cymrite | BaAl2Si2(O,OH)8 · H2O |
| H | โ Feitknechtite | Mn3+O(OH) |
| H | โ Ganophyllite | (K,Na)xMn62+(Si,Al)10O24(OH)4 · nH2O (x = 1-2; n = 7-11) |
| H | โ Harmotome | Ba2(Si12Al4)O32 · 12H2O |
| H | โ Manganite | Mn3+O(OH) |
| H | โ Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| H | โ Paragonite | NaAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | โ Pennantite | Mn52+Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| H | โ Piemontite | (CaCa)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| H | โ Pyrochroite | Mn(OH)2 |
| H | โ Romanรจchite | (Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10 |
| H | โ Piemontite-(Sr) | (CaSr)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| H | โ Epidote-(Sr) | (CaSr)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | โ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| C | โ Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
| C | โ Strontianite | SrCO3 |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | โ Alleghanyite | Mn52+(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
| O | โ Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| O | โ Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| O | โ Banalsite | Na2BaAl4Si4O16 |
| O | โ Bannisterite | (Ca,K,Na)(Mn2+,Fe2+)10(Si,Al)16O38(OH)8 · nH2O |
| O | โ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| O | โ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| O | โ Birnessite | (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O |
| O | โ Bixbyite-(Mn) | Mn23+O3 |
| O | โ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | โ Caryopilite | Mn32+Si2O5(OH)4 |
| O | โ Celsian | Ba(Al2Si2O8) |
| O | โ Cymrite | BaAl2Si2(O,OH)8 · H2O |
| O | โ Feitknechtite | Mn3+O(OH) |
| O | โ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| O | โ Ganophyllite | (K,Na)xMn62+(Si,Al)10O24(OH)4 · nH2O (x = 1-2; n = 7-11) |
| O | โ Harmotome | Ba2(Si12Al4)O32 · 12H2O |
| O | โ Hausmannite | Mn2+Mn23+O4 |
| O | โ Microcline var. Hyalophane | (K,Ba)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| O | โ Jacobsite-Q | Mn2+(Fe3+,Mn3+)2O4 |
| O | โ Jacobsite | Mn2+Fe23+O4 |
| O | โ Manganosite | MnO |
| O | โ Manganite | Mn3+O(OH) |
| O | โ Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| O | โ Paracelsian | Ba(Al2Si2O8) |
| O | โ Paragonite | NaAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | โ Pennantite | Mn52+Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| O | โ Piemontite | (CaCa)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| O | โ Powellite | Ca(MoO4) |
| O | โ Pyrochroite | Mn(OH)2 |
| O | โ Pyrolusite | Mn4+O2 |
| O | โ Pyrophanite | Mn2+TiO3 |
| O | โ Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
| O | โ Rhodonite | CaMn3Mn[Si5O15] |
| O | โ Romanรจchite | (Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10 |
| O | โ Piemontite-(Sr) | (CaSr)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| O | โ Strontianite | SrCO3 |
| O | โ Tephroite | Mn22+(SiO4) |
| O | โ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3A |
| O | โ Epidote-(Sr) | (CaSr)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| F | Fluorine | |
| F | โ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| F | โ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | โ Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| Na | โ Banalsite | Na2BaAl4Si4O16 |
| Na | โ Bannisterite | (Ca,K,Na)(Mn2+,Fe2+)10(Si,Al)16O38(OH)8 · nH2O |
| Na | โ Birnessite | (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O |
| Na | โ Ganophyllite | (K,Na)xMn62+(Si,Al)10O24(OH)4 · nH2O (x = 1-2; n = 7-11) |
| Na | โ Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| Na | โ Paragonite | NaAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | โ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | โ Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| Al | โ Banalsite | Na2BaAl4Si4O16 |
| Al | โ Bannisterite | (Ca,K,Na)(Mn2+,Fe2+)10(Si,Al)16O38(OH)8 · nH2O |
| Al | โ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Al | โ Celsian | Ba(Al2Si2O8) |
| Al | โ Cymrite | BaAl2Si2(O,OH)8 · H2O |
| Al | โ Ganophyllite | (K,Na)xMn62+(Si,Al)10O24(OH)4 · nH2O (x = 1-2; n = 7-11) |
| Al | โ Harmotome | Ba2(Si12Al4)O32 · 12H2O |
| Al | โ Microcline var. Hyalophane | (K,Ba)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| Al | โ Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| Al | โ Paracelsian | Ba(Al2Si2O8) |
| Al | โ Paragonite | NaAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | โ Pennantite | Mn52+Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Al | โ Piemontite | (CaCa)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Al | โ Piemontite-(Sr) | (CaSr)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Al | โ Epidote-(Sr) | (CaSr)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | โ Alleghanyite | Mn52+(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
| Si | โ Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| Si | โ Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| Si | โ Banalsite | Na2BaAl4Si4O16 |
| Si | โ Bannisterite | (Ca,K,Na)(Mn2+,Fe2+)10(Si,Al)16O38(OH)8 · nH2O |
| Si | โ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Si | โ Caryopilite | Mn32+Si2O5(OH)4 |
| Si | โ Celsian | Ba(Al2Si2O8) |
| Si | โ Cymrite | BaAl2Si2(O,OH)8 · H2O |
| Si | โ Ganophyllite | (K,Na)xMn62+(Si,Al)10O24(OH)4 · nH2O (x = 1-2; n = 7-11) |
| Si | โ Harmotome | Ba2(Si12Al4)O32 · 12H2O |
| Si | โ Microcline var. Hyalophane | (K,Ba)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| Si | โ Natrolite | Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O |
| Si | โ Paracelsian | Ba(Al2Si2O8) |
| Si | โ Paragonite | NaAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | โ Pennantite | Mn52+Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Si | โ Piemontite | (CaCa)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Si | โ Rhodonite | CaMn3Mn[Si5O15] |
| Si | โ Piemontite-(Sr) | (CaSr)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Si | โ Tephroite | Mn22+(SiO4) |
| Si | โ Epidote-(Sr) | (CaSr)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| P | Phosphorus | |
| P | โ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| P | โ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3A |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | โ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| K | Potassium | |
| K | โ Bannisterite | (Ca,K,Na)(Mn2+,Fe2+)10(Si,Al)16O38(OH)8 · nH2O |
| K | โ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| K | โ Ganophyllite | (K,Na)xMn62+(Si,Al)10O24(OH)4 · nH2O (x = 1-2; n = 7-11) |
| K | โ Microcline var. Hyalophane | (K,Ba)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | โ Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| Ca | โ Bannisterite | (Ca,K,Na)(Mn2+,Fe2+)10(Si,Al)16O38(OH)8 · nH2O |
| Ca | โ Birnessite | (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O |
| Ca | โ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | โ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| Ca | โ Piemontite | (CaCa)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Ca | โ Powellite | Ca(MoO4) |
| Ca | โ Rhodonite | CaMn3Mn[Si5O15] |
| Ca | โ Piemontite-(Sr) | (CaSr)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Ca | โ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3A |
| Ca | โ Epidote-(Sr) | (CaSr)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Ti | Titanium | |
| Ti | โ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Ti | โ Pyrophanite | Mn2+TiO3 |
| Mn | Manganese | |
| Mn | โ Alleghanyite | Mn52+(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
| Mn | โ Bannisterite | (Ca,K,Na)(Mn2+,Fe2+)10(Si,Al)16O38(OH)8 · nH2O |
| Mn | โ Birnessite | (Na,Ca)0.5(Mn4+,Mn3+)2O4 · 1.5H2O |
| Mn | โ Bixbyite-(Mn) | Mn23+O3 |
| Mn | โ Caryopilite | Mn32+Si2O5(OH)4 |
| Mn | โ Feitknechtite | Mn3+O(OH) |
| Mn | โ Ganophyllite | (K,Na)xMn62+(Si,Al)10O24(OH)4 · nH2O (x = 1-2; n = 7-11) |
| Mn | โ Hausmannite | Mn2+Mn23+O4 |
| Mn | โ Jacobsite-Q | Mn2+(Fe3+,Mn3+)2O4 |
| Mn | โ Jacobsite | Mn2+Fe23+O4 |
| Mn | โ Manganosite | MnO |
| Mn | โ Manganite | Mn3+O(OH) |
| Mn | โ Pennantite | Mn52+Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Mn | โ Piemontite | (CaCa)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Mn | โ Pyrochroite | Mn(OH)2 |
| Mn | โ Pyrolusite | Mn4+O2 |
| Mn | โ Pyrophanite | Mn2+TiO3 |
| Mn | โ Rhodochrosite | MnCO3 |
| Mn | โ Rhodonite | CaMn3Mn[Si5O15] |
| Mn | โ Romanรจchite | (Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10 |
| Mn | โ Piemontite-(Sr) | (CaSr)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Mn | โ Tephroite | Mn22+(SiO4) |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | โ Andradite | Ca3Fe23+(SiO4)3 |
| Fe | โ Bannisterite | (Ca,K,Na)(Mn2+,Fe2+)10(Si,Al)16O38(OH)8 · nH2O |
| Fe | โ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Fe | โ Jacobsite-Q | Mn2+(Fe3+,Mn3+)2O4 |
| Fe | โ Jacobsite | Mn2+Fe23+O4 |
| Fe | โ Epidote-(Sr) | (CaSr)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Sr | Strontium | |
| Sr | โ Piemontite-(Sr) | (CaSr)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Sr | โ Strontianite | SrCO3 |
| Sr | โ Epidote-(Sr) | (CaSr)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Mo | Molybdenum | |
| Mo | โ Powellite | Ca(MoO4) |
| Ba | Barium | |
| Ba | โ Banalsite | Na2BaAl4Si4O16 |
| Ba | โ Baryte | BaSO4 |
| Ba | โ Celsian | Ba(Al2Si2O8) |
| Ba | โ Cymrite | BaAl2Si2(O,OH)8 · H2O |
| Ba | โ Harmotome | Ba2(Si12Al4)O32 · 12H2O |
| Ba | โ Microcline var. Hyalophane | (K,Ba)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| Ba | โ Paracelsian | Ba(Al2Si2O8) |
| Ba | โ Romanรจchite | (Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10 |
Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality
British and Irish IslesGroup of Islands
Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate
- AvaloniaVolcanic Arc
EuropeContinent
UK
- Wales
- Gwynedd
- Lleyn PeninsulaPeninsula
- Gwynedd
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References
Smith, W. Campbell; Bannister, F. A.; Hey, Max H. (1944) Banalsite, a new barium-felspar from Wales. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 27 (186). 33-47 doi:10.1180/minmag.1944.027.186.01
Campbell Smith, W., Bannister, F. A., Hey, Max H. (1946) Pennantite, a new manganese-rich chlorite from Benallt mine, Rhiw, Carnarvonshire. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 27 (194) 217-220 doi:10.1180/minmag.1946.027.194.01
Smith, W. Campbell, Claringbull, G. F. (1947) Pyrophanite from the Benallt mine, Rhiw, Carnarvonshire. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 28 (197) 108-110 doi:10.1180/minmag.1947.028.197.06
Smith, W. Campbell, Bannister, F. A., Hey, Max H. (1949) Cymrite, a new barium mineral from the Benallt manganese mine, Rhiw, Carnarvonshire. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 28 (206) 676-681 doi:10.1180/minmag.1949.28.206.02
Benallt Mine, Rhiw, Aberdaron, Gwynedd, Wales, UK