Log InRegister
Search For:
Mineral Name:
Locality Name:
Keyword(s):
 
Home PageAbout MindatThe Mindat ManualHistory of MindatCopyright StatusWho We AreOur ScienceMindat Newsletter [Free Download]Contact Us
Donate to MindatSponsor a PageCorporate SponsorshipSponsored Pages
Learning CenterWhat Is a Mineral?The Most Common Minerals on EarthInformation for EducatorsMindat ArticlesMindat Newsletter [Free Download]The ElementsThe Mineral Quiz
Minerals by PropertiesMinerals by ChemistryMineral Visual ExplorerAdvanced Locality SearchRandom MineralRandom LocalitySearch by minIDMinerals by CountryAlphabetical Mineral IndexAlphabetical Locality SearchMineral Association SearchList of CountriesLocalities Near MePhoto SearchSearch ArticlesSearch GlossaryThe Rock H. Currier Digital LibraryMore Search Options
The Mindat ManualAdd a New PhotoRate PhotosLocality Edit ReportCoordinate Completion ReportAdd Glossary Item
MineralsPetrologyFossilsMeteoritesGeologic Time
Mining CompaniesStatisticsMineral MuseumsClubs & OrganizationsMineral Shows & EventsDevice SettingsTime Machine
Read DiscussionsIdentification Request
Photo SearchPhoto GalleriesSearch by ColourPhoto Colour ExplorerNew Photos TodayNew Photos YesterdayMembers' Photo GalleriesPast Photo of the Day GalleryPhotography

Tyrnyauz Mo-W deposit, Tyrnyauz Urban Settlement, Elbrussky District, Kabardino-Balkaria, Russiai
Regional Level Types
Tyrnyauz Mo-W depositDeposit
Tyrnyauz Urban SettlementMunicipality
Elbrussky DistrictDistrict
Kabardino-BalkariaRepublic
RussiaCountry

This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
PhotosMapsSearchMineralogy
Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
43° 22' 56'' North , 42° 51' 21'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Type:
Kรถppen climate type:
Nearest Settlements:
PlacePopulationDistance
Tyrnyauz20,104 (2014)5.0km
Bylym2,064 (2014)17.4km
Elโ€™brus3,300 (2013)22.0km
Chegem18,429 (2012)25.0km
Terskol1,835 (2012)31.0km
Mindat Locality ID:
19891
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:19891:9
GUID (UUID V4):
0
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
Tyrny-Auz, Soviet Armenia
Name(s) in local language(s):
ะขั‹ั€ะฝั‹ะฐัƒะท


Skarn-type molybdenum-tungsten deposit, occurring in the contact aureole of a Cretaceous granite intrusion.
The largest known tungsten deposit in Russia and one of the largest in the world.

Discovered in 1934. Closed after the collapse of the USSR. There are efforts to re-open the mine in 2025 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrnyauz#History).

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.


Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

74 valid minerals. 2 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded


Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

โ“˜ Actinolite
Formula: ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
โ“˜ Alabandite
Formula: MnS
โ“˜ Albite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
โ“˜ Albite var. Andesine
Formula: (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
โ“˜ Albite var. Oligoclase-Albite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
โ“˜ 'Amphibole Supergroup'
Formula: AB2C5(T8O22)W2
โ“˜ Andradite
Formula: Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3
โ“˜ 'Andradite-Grossular Series'
โ“˜ Annite
Formula: KFe2+3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
โ“˜ Anorthite
Formula: Ca(Al2Si2O8)
โ“˜ 'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3A
โ“˜ 'Apophyllite Group'
Formula: AB4[Si8O20]X · 8H2O
โ“˜ Arsenopyrite
Formula: FeAsS
โ“˜ Baksanite (TL)
Formula: Bi6Te2S3
Type Locality:
โ“˜ 'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
โ“˜ Bismuthinite
Formula: Bi2S3
โ“˜ Brochantite
Formula: Cu4(SO4)(OH)6
โ“˜ Bustamite
Formula: CaMn2+(Si2O6)
โ“˜ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
โ“˜ 'Calcium Amphibole Subgroup'
Formula: AnCa2(C2+5-mC3+m)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))W2
โ“˜ 'Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. Hornblende'
Formula: AnCa2(Z2+5-mZ3+m)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
โ“˜ Chalcanthite
Formula: CuSO4 · 5H2O
โ“˜ Chalcocite
Formula: Cu2S
โ“˜ Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
โ“˜ Chalcostibite
Formula: CuSbS2
โ“˜ Chamosite
Formula: Fe2+5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
โ“˜ Chamosite var. Brunsvigite
Formula: (Fe2+,Mg,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
โ“˜ 'Chlorite Group'
โ“˜ Clinochlore
Formula: Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
โ“˜ Clinochlore var. Pycnochlorite
Formula: Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
โ“˜ Clinochlore var. Ripidolite
Formula: (Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
โ“˜ 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'
โ“˜ Cobaltite
Formula: CoAsS
โ“˜ Cordierite
Formula: Mg2Al4Si5O18
โ“˜ Cubanite
Formula: CuFe2S3
โ“˜ Cuspidine
Formula: Ca8(Si2O7)2F4
โ“˜ Datolite
Formula: CaB(SiO4)(OH)
โ“˜ Diopside
Formula: CaMgSi2O6
โ“˜ Dolomite
Formula: CaMg(CO3)2
โ“˜ Edenite
Formula: NaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
โ“˜ Epidote
Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
โ“˜ Epsomite
Formula: MgSO4 · 7H2O
โ“˜ Ferrimolybdite
Formula: Fe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O
โ“˜ Fluorapatite
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3F
โ“˜ Fluorite
Formula: CaF2
โ“˜ Galena
Formula: PbS
โ“˜ 'Garnet Group'
Formula: X3Z2(SiO4)3
โ“˜ Goethite
Formula: Fe3+O(OH)
โ“˜ Grossular
Formula: Ca3Al2(SiO4)3
โ“˜ Gypsum
Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O
โ“˜ Hastingsite
Formula: NaCa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
โ“˜ Hedenbergite
Formula: CaFe2+Si2O6
โ“˜ Hedenbergite var. Ferrosalite
Formula: CaFe2+Si2O6
โ“˜ Hematite
Formula: Fe2O3
โ“˜ Huntite
Formula: CaMg3(CO3)4
โ“˜ Ilvaite
Formula: CaFe3+Fe2+2(Si2O7)O(OH)
โ“˜ Ingodite
Formula: Bi2TeS
โ“˜ 'Josรฉite'
Formula: Bi4TeS2
โ“˜ Josรฉite-A
Formula: Bi4TeS2
โ“˜ Lapieite
Formula: NiCuSbS3
โ“˜ 'Limonite'
โ“˜ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
โ“˜ Magnetite var. Mushketovite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
โ“˜ Malachite
Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
โ“˜ Maldonite
Formula: Au2Bi
โ“˜ Molybdenite
Formula: MoS2
โ“˜ Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
โ“˜ Muscovite var. Sericite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
โ“˜ Native Bismuth
Formula: Bi
โ“˜ Native Gold
Formula: Au
โ“˜ Native Silver
Formula: Ag
โ“˜ Phlogopite
Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
โ“˜ 'Plagioclase'
Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
โ“˜ Powellite
Formula: Ca(MoO4)
โ“˜ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
โ“˜ 'Pyroxene Group'
Formula: ADSi2O6
โ“˜ Pyrrhotite
Formula: Fe1-xS
โ“˜ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
โ“˜ Quartz var. Rock Crystal
Formula: SiO2
โ“˜ Rhodonite
Formula: CaMn3Mn[Si5O15]
โ“˜ Rickardite
Formula: Cu7Te5
โ“˜ Rorisite
Formula: CaFCl
Description: Solid formed in fluid inclusion in fluorite
โ“˜ Scheelite
Formula: Ca(WO4)
โ“˜ Scheelite var. Molybdoscheelite
Formula: Ca(WO4)
โ“˜ Sergeevite (TL)
Formula: Ca2Mg11(CO3)9(HCO3)4(OH)4 · 6H2O
โ“˜ Sphalerite
Formula: ZnS
โ“˜ Stilpnomelane
Formula: K4Fe2+48[Si64Al8]O164(OH)52 · nH2O
โ“˜ Sulphotsumoite
Formula: Bi3Te2S
โ“˜ Tetradymite
Formula: Bi2Te2S
โ“˜ Titanite
Formula: CaTiO(SiO4)
โ“˜ Tsumoite
Formula: BiTe
โ“˜ Tungstenite
Formula: WS2
โ“˜ Ullmannite
Formula: NiSbS
โ“˜ Vesuvianite
Formula: Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
โ“˜ Wittichenite
Formula: Cu3BiS3
โ“˜ Wollastonite
Formula: Ca3(Si3O9)
โ“˜ Xonotlite
Formula: Ca6(Si6O17)(OH)2
โ“˜ 'Zeolite Group'
โ“˜ Zinkenite
Formula: Pb9Sb22S42

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
โ“˜Native Gold1.AA.05Au
โ“˜Native Silver1.AA.05Ag
โ“˜Native Bismuth1.CA.05Bi
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
โ“˜Maldonite2.AA.40Au2Bi
โ“˜Chalcocite2.BA.05Cu2S
โ“˜Rickardite2.BA.30Cu7Te5
โ“˜Sphalerite2.CB.05aZnS
โ“˜Chalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
โ“˜Cubanite2.CB.55aCuFe2S3
โ“˜Pyrrhotite2.CC.10Fe1-xS
โ“˜Alabandite2.CD.10MnS
โ“˜Galena2.CD.10PbS
โ“˜Bismuthinite2.DB.05Bi2S3
โ“˜Ingodite2.DC.05Bi2TeS
โ“˜'Josรฉite'2.DC.05Bi4TeS2
โ“˜Josรฉite-A2.DC.05Bi4TeS2
โ“˜Sulphotsumoite2.DC.05Bi3Te2S
โ“˜Tetradymite2.DC.05Bi2Te2S
โ“˜Tsumoite2.DC.05BiTe
โ“˜Baksanite (TL)2.DC.05Bi6Te2S3
โ“˜Molybdenite2.EA.30MoS2
โ“˜Tungstenite2.EA.30WS2
โ“˜Pyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
โ“˜Arsenopyrite2.EB.20FeAsS
โ“˜Cobaltite2.EB.25CoAsS
โ“˜Ullmannite2.EB.25NiSbS
โ“˜Wittichenite2.GA.20Cu3BiS3
โ“˜Lapieite2.GA.25NiCuSbS3
โ“˜Chalcostibite2.HA.05CuSbS2
โ“˜Zinkenite2.JB.35aPb9Sb22S42
Group 3 - Halides
โ“˜Fluorite3.AB.25CaF2
โ“˜Rorisite3.DC.25CaFCl
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
โ“˜Goethite4.00.Fe3+O(OH)
โ“˜Magnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
โ“˜var. Mushketovite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
โ“˜Hematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
โ“˜Quartz4.DA.05SiO2
โ“˜var. Rock Crystal4.DA.05SiO2
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
โ“˜Calcite5.AB.05CaCO3
โ“˜Dolomite5.AB.10CaMg(CO3)2
โ“˜Huntite5.AB.25CaMg3(CO3)4
โ“˜Malachite5.BA.10Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
โ“˜Sergeevite (TL)5.DB.25Ca2Mg11(CO3)9(HCO3)4(OH)4 ยท 6H2O
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
โ“˜Brochantite7.BB.25Cu4(SO4)(OH)6
โ“˜Chalcanthite7.CB.20CuSO4 ยท 5H2O
โ“˜Epsomite7.CB.40MgSO4 ยท 7H2O
โ“˜Gypsum7.CD.40CaSO4 ยท 2H2O
โ“˜Powellite7.GA.05Ca(MoO4)
โ“˜Scheelite7.GA.05Ca(WO4)
โ“˜var. Molybdoscheelite7.GA.05Ca(WO4)
โ“˜Ferrimolybdite7.GB.30Fe2(MoO4)3 ยท nH2O
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
โ“˜Fluorapatite8.BN.05Ca5(PO4)3F
Group 9 - Silicates
โ“˜Andradite9.AD.25Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3
โ“˜Grossular9.AD.25Ca3Al2(SiO4)3
โ“˜Titanite9.AG.15CaTiO(SiO4)
โ“˜Datolite9.AJ.20CaB(SiO4)(OH)
โ“˜Ilvaite9.BE.07CaFe3+Fe2+2(Si2O7)O(OH)
โ“˜Cuspidine9.BE.17Ca8(Si2O7)2F4
โ“˜Epidote9.BG.05a(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
โ“˜Vesuvianite9.BG.35Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(โ—ป4)โ—ป[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
โ“˜Cordierite9.CJ.10Mg2Al4Si5O18
โ“˜Diopside9.DA.15CaMgSi2O6
โ“˜Hedenbergite9.DA.15CaFe2+Si2O6
โ“˜var. Ferrosalite9.DA.15CaFe2+Si2O6
โ“˜Actinolite9.DE.10โ—ปCa2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
โ“˜Edenite9.DE.15NaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
โ“˜Hastingsite9.DE.15NaCa2(Fe2+4Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
โ“˜Bustamite9.DG.05CaMn2+(Si2O6)
โ“˜Wollastonite9.DG.05Ca3(Si3O9)
โ“˜Xonotlite9.DG.35Ca6(Si6O17)(OH)2
โ“˜Rhodonite9.DK.05CaMn3Mn[Si5O15]
โ“˜Muscovite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
โ“˜var. Sericite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
โ“˜Annite9.EC.20KFe2+3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
โ“˜Phlogopite9.EC.20KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
โ“˜Chamosite9.EC.55Fe2+5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
โ“˜Clinochlore9.EC.55Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
โ“˜var. Ripidolite9.EC.55(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
โ“˜Chamosite
var. Brunsvigite
9.EC.55(Fe2+,Mg,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
โ“˜Clinochlore
var. Pycnochlorite
9.EC.55Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
โ“˜Stilpnomelane9.EG.40K4Fe2+48[Si64Al8]O164(OH)52 ยท nH2O
โ“˜Albite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
โ“˜var. Andesine9.FA.35(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
โ“˜Anorthite9.FA.35Ca(Al2Si2O8)
โ“˜Albite
var. Oligoclase-Albite
9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
โ“˜'Zeolite Group'9.G0.
Unclassified
โ“˜'Amphibole Supergroup'-AB2C5(T8O22)W2
โ“˜'Apophyllite Group'-AB4[Si8O20]X ยท 8H2O
โ“˜'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
โ“˜'Chlorite Group'-
โ“˜'Calcium Amphibole Subgroup
var. Hornblende'
-AnCa2(Z2+5-mZ3+m)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
โ“˜'Limonite'-
โ“˜'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'-
โ“˜'Andradite-Grossular Series'-
โ“˜'Plagioclase'-(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
โ“˜'Pyroxene Group'-ADSi2O6
โ“˜'Garnet Group'-X3Z2(SiO4)3
โ“˜'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3A
โ“˜'Calcium Amphibole Subgroup'-AnCa2(C2+5-mC3+m)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))W2

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hโ“˜ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Hโ“˜ AnniteKFe32+(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hโ“˜ Apophyllite GroupAB4[Si8O20]X · 8H2O
Hโ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Hโ“˜ BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6
Hโ“˜ ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
Hโ“˜ ChamositeFe52+Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Hโ“˜ ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Hโ“˜ DatoliteCaB(SiO4)(OH)
Hโ“˜ EdeniteNaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Hโ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Hโ“˜ EpsomiteMgSO4 · 7H2O
Hโ“˜ FerrimolybditeFe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O
Hโ“˜ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Hโ“˜ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Hโ“˜ HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Hโ“˜ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. HornblendeAnCa2(Z2+5-mZm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
Hโ“˜ IlvaiteCaFe3+Fe22+(Si2O7)O(OH)
Hโ“˜ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Hโ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hโ“˜ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hโ“˜ Clinochlore var. Ripidolite(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
Hโ“˜ SergeeviteCa2Mg11(CO3)9(HCO3)4(OH)4 · 6H2O
Hโ“˜ StilpnomelaneK4Fe482+[Si64Al8]O164(OH)52 · nH2O
Hโ“˜ VesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
Hโ“˜ XonotliteCa6(Si6O17)(OH)2
Hโ“˜ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hโ“˜ Chamosite var. Brunsvigite(Fe2+,Mg,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
Hโ“˜ Clinochlore var. PycnochloriteMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
BBoron
Bโ“˜ DatoliteCaB(SiO4)(OH)
CCarbon
Cโ“˜ CalciteCaCO3
Cโ“˜ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Cโ“˜ HuntiteCaMg3(CO3)4
Cโ“˜ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Cโ“˜ SergeeviteCa2Mg11(CO3)9(HCO3)4(OH)4 · 6H2O
OOxygen
Oโ“˜ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Oโ“˜ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Oโ“˜ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5(T8O22)W2
Oโ“˜ Albite var. Andesine(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Oโ“˜ AndraditeCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Oโ“˜ AnniteKFe32+(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oโ“˜ AnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
Oโ“˜ Apophyllite GroupAB4[Si8O20]X · 8H2O
Oโ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Oโ“˜ BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6
Oโ“˜ BustamiteCaMn2+(Si2O6)
Oโ“˜ CalciteCaCO3
Oโ“˜ ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
Oโ“˜ ChamositeFe52+Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Oโ“˜ ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Oโ“˜ CordieriteMg2Al4Si5O18
Oโ“˜ CuspidineCa8(Si2O7)2F4
Oโ“˜ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Oโ“˜ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Oโ“˜ DatoliteCaB(SiO4)(OH)
Oโ“˜ EdeniteNaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Oโ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Oโ“˜ EpsomiteMgSO4 · 7H2O
Oโ“˜ FerrimolybditeFe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O
Oโ“˜ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Oโ“˜ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Oโ“˜ GrossularCa3Al2(SiO4)3
Oโ“˜ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Oโ“˜ HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Oโ“˜ HedenbergiteCaFe2+Si2O6
Oโ“˜ HematiteFe2O3
Oโ“˜ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. HornblendeAnCa2(Z2+5-mZm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
Oโ“˜ HuntiteCaMg3(CO3)4
Oโ“˜ IlvaiteCaFe3+Fe22+(Si2O7)O(OH)
Oโ“˜ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oโ“˜ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Oโ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oโ“˜ Albite var. Oligoclase-AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Oโ“˜ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oโ“˜ PowelliteCa(MoO4)
Oโ“˜ QuartzSiO2
Oโ“˜ RhodoniteCaMn3Mn[Si5O15]
Oโ“˜ Clinochlore var. Ripidolite(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
Oโ“˜ ScheeliteCa(WO4)
Oโ“˜ SergeeviteCa2Mg11(CO3)9(HCO3)4(OH)4 · 6H2O
Oโ“˜ StilpnomelaneK4Fe482+[Si64Al8]O164(OH)52 · nH2O
Oโ“˜ TitaniteCaTiO(SiO4)
Oโ“˜ VesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
Oโ“˜ WollastoniteCa3(Si3O9)
Oโ“˜ XonotliteCa6(Si6O17)(OH)2
Oโ“˜ Quartz var. Rock CrystalSiO2
Oโ“˜ Andradite-Grossular Series
Oโ“˜ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oโ“˜ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Oโ“˜ Chamosite var. Brunsvigite(Fe2+,Mg,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
Oโ“˜ Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
Oโ“˜ Magnetite var. MushketoviteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oโ“˜ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
Oโ“˜ Scheelite var. MolybdoscheeliteCa(WO4)
Oโ“˜ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3A
Oโ“˜ Hedenbergite var. FerrosaliteCaFe2+Si2O6
Oโ“˜ Clinochlore var. PycnochloriteMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
FFluorine
Fโ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Fโ“˜ CuspidineCa8(Si2O7)2F4
Fโ“˜ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Fโ“˜ FluoriteCaF2
Fโ“˜ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. HornblendeAnCa2(Z2+5-mZm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
Fโ“˜ RorisiteCaFCl
NaSodium
Naโ“˜ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Naโ“˜ Albite var. Andesine(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Naโ“˜ EdeniteNaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Naโ“˜ HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Naโ“˜ Albite var. Oligoclase-AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Naโ“˜ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
MgMagnesium
Mgโ“˜ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Mgโ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Mgโ“˜ ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Mgโ“˜ CordieriteMg2Al4Si5O18
Mgโ“˜ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Mgโ“˜ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Mgโ“˜ EdeniteNaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Mgโ“˜ EpsomiteMgSO4 · 7H2O
Mgโ“˜ HuntiteCaMg3(CO3)4
Mgโ“˜ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Mgโ“˜ Clinochlore var. Ripidolite(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
Mgโ“˜ SergeeviteCa2Mg11(CO3)9(HCO3)4(OH)4 · 6H2O
Mgโ“˜ VesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
Mgโ“˜ Chamosite var. Brunsvigite(Fe2+,Mg,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
Mgโ“˜ Clinochlore var. PycnochloriteMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
AlAluminium
Alโ“˜ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Alโ“˜ Albite var. Andesine(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Alโ“˜ AnniteKFe32+(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alโ“˜ AnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
Alโ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Alโ“˜ ChamositeFe52+Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Alโ“˜ ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Alโ“˜ CordieriteMg2Al4Si5O18
Alโ“˜ EdeniteNaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Alโ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Alโ“˜ GrossularCa3Al2(SiO4)3
Alโ“˜ HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Alโ“˜ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. HornblendeAnCa2(Z2+5-mZm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
Alโ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alโ“˜ Albite var. Oligoclase-AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Alโ“˜ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alโ“˜ Clinochlore var. Ripidolite(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
Alโ“˜ StilpnomelaneK4Fe482+[Si64Al8]O164(OH)52 · nH2O
Alโ“˜ VesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
Alโ“˜ Andradite-Grossular Series
Alโ“˜ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alโ“˜ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Alโ“˜ Chamosite var. Brunsvigite(Fe2+,Mg,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
Alโ“˜ Calcium Amphibole SubgroupAnCa2(C2+5-mCm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))W2
Alโ“˜ Clinochlore var. PycnochloriteMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
SiSilicon
Siโ“˜ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Siโ“˜ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Siโ“˜ Albite var. Andesine(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Siโ“˜ AndraditeCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Siโ“˜ AnniteKFe32+(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siโ“˜ AnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
Siโ“˜ Apophyllite GroupAB4[Si8O20]X · 8H2O
Siโ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Siโ“˜ BustamiteCaMn2+(Si2O6)
Siโ“˜ ChamositeFe52+Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Siโ“˜ ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Siโ“˜ CordieriteMg2Al4Si5O18
Siโ“˜ CuspidineCa8(Si2O7)2F4
Siโ“˜ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Siโ“˜ DatoliteCaB(SiO4)(OH)
Siโ“˜ EdeniteNaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Siโ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Siโ“˜ GrossularCa3Al2(SiO4)3
Siโ“˜ HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Siโ“˜ HedenbergiteCaFe2+Si2O6
Siโ“˜ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. HornblendeAnCa2(Z2+5-mZm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
Siโ“˜ IlvaiteCaFe3+Fe22+(Si2O7)O(OH)
Siโ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siโ“˜ Albite var. Oligoclase-AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Siโ“˜ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siโ“˜ QuartzSiO2
Siโ“˜ RhodoniteCaMn3Mn[Si5O15]
Siโ“˜ Clinochlore var. Ripidolite(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
Siโ“˜ StilpnomelaneK4Fe482+[Si64Al8]O164(OH)52 · nH2O
Siโ“˜ TitaniteCaTiO(SiO4)
Siโ“˜ VesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
Siโ“˜ WollastoniteCa3(Si3O9)
Siโ“˜ XonotliteCa6(Si6O17)(OH)2
Siโ“˜ Quartz var. Rock CrystalSiO2
Siโ“˜ Andradite-Grossular Series
Siโ“˜ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siโ“˜ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Siโ“˜ Chamosite var. Brunsvigite(Fe2+,Mg,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
Siโ“˜ Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
Siโ“˜ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
Siโ“˜ Calcium Amphibole SubgroupAnCa2(C2+5-mCm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))W2
Siโ“˜ Hedenbergite var. FerrosaliteCaFe2+Si2O6
Siโ“˜ Clinochlore var. PycnochloriteMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
PPhosphorus
Pโ“˜ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Pโ“˜ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3A
SSulfur
Sโ“˜ AlabanditeMnS
Sโ“˜ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Sโ“˜ BismuthiniteBi2S3
Sโ“˜ BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6
Sโ“˜ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Sโ“˜ ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
Sโ“˜ ChalcociteCu2S
Sโ“˜ ChalcostibiteCuSbS2
Sโ“˜ CobaltiteCoAsS
Sโ“˜ CubaniteCuFe2S3
Sโ“˜ EpsomiteMgSO4 · 7H2O
Sโ“˜ GalenaPbS
Sโ“˜ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Sโ“˜ IngoditeBi2TeS
Sโ“˜ JosรฉiteBi4TeS2
Sโ“˜ Josรฉite-ABi4TeS2
Sโ“˜ LapieiteNiCuSbS3
Sโ“˜ MolybdeniteMoS2
Sโ“˜ PyriteFeS2
Sโ“˜ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Sโ“˜ SphaleriteZnS
Sโ“˜ SulphotsumoiteBi3Te2S
Sโ“˜ TetradymiteBi2Te2S
Sโ“˜ TungsteniteWS2
Sโ“˜ UllmanniteNiSbS
Sโ“˜ WitticheniteCu3BiS3
Sโ“˜ ZinkenitePb9Sb22S42
Sโ“˜ BaksaniteBi6Te2S3
ClChlorine
Clโ“˜ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. HornblendeAnCa2(Z2+5-mZm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
Clโ“˜ RorisiteCaFCl
KPotassium
Kโ“˜ AnniteKFe32+(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kโ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Kโ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kโ“˜ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kโ“˜ StilpnomelaneK4Fe482+[Si64Al8]O164(OH)52 · nH2O
Kโ“˜ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CaCalcium
Caโ“˜ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Caโ“˜ Albite var. Andesine(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Caโ“˜ AndraditeCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Caโ“˜ AnorthiteCa(Al2Si2O8)
Caโ“˜ BustamiteCaMn2+(Si2O6)
Caโ“˜ CalciteCaCO3
Caโ“˜ CuspidineCa8(Si2O7)2F4
Caโ“˜ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Caโ“˜ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Caโ“˜ DatoliteCaB(SiO4)(OH)
Caโ“˜ EdeniteNaCa2Mg5(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Caโ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Caโ“˜ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Caโ“˜ FluoriteCaF2
Caโ“˜ GrossularCa3Al2(SiO4)3
Caโ“˜ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Caโ“˜ HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Caโ“˜ HedenbergiteCaFe2+Si2O6
Caโ“˜ Calcium Amphibole Subgroup var. HornblendeAnCa2(Z2+5-mZm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))(OH,F,Cl)2
Caโ“˜ HuntiteCaMg3(CO3)4
Caโ“˜ IlvaiteCaFe3+Fe22+(Si2O7)O(OH)
Caโ“˜ PowelliteCa(MoO4)
Caโ“˜ RhodoniteCaMn3Mn[Si5O15]
Caโ“˜ RorisiteCaFCl
Caโ“˜ ScheeliteCa(WO4)
Caโ“˜ SergeeviteCa2Mg11(CO3)9(HCO3)4(OH)4 · 6H2O
Caโ“˜ TitaniteCaTiO(SiO4)
Caโ“˜ VesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
Caโ“˜ WollastoniteCa3(Si3O9)
Caโ“˜ XonotliteCa6(Si6O17)(OH)2
Caโ“˜ Andradite-Grossular Series
Caโ“˜ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Caโ“˜ Scheelite var. MolybdoscheeliteCa(WO4)
Caโ“˜ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3A
Caโ“˜ Calcium Amphibole SubgroupAnCa2(C2+5-mCm3+)(Si8-(n+m)Al(n+m))W2
Caโ“˜ Hedenbergite var. FerrosaliteCaFe2+Si2O6
TiTitanium
Tiโ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Tiโ“˜ TitaniteCaTiO(SiO4)
MnManganese
Mnโ“˜ AlabanditeMnS
Mnโ“˜ BustamiteCaMn2+(Si2O6)
Mnโ“˜ RhodoniteCaMn3Mn[Si5O15]
FeIron
Feโ“˜ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Feโ“˜ AndraditeCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Feโ“˜ AnniteKFe32+(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Feโ“˜ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Feโ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Feโ“˜ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Feโ“˜ ChamositeFe52+Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
Feโ“˜ CubaniteCuFe2S3
Feโ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Feโ“˜ FerrimolybditeFe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O
Feโ“˜ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Feโ“˜ HastingsiteNaCa2(Fe42+Fe3+)(Si6Al2)O22(OH)2
Feโ“˜ HedenbergiteCaFe2+Si2O6
Feโ“˜ HematiteFe2O3
Feโ“˜ IlvaiteCaFe3+Fe22+(Si2O7)O(OH)
Feโ“˜ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feโ“˜ PyriteFeS2
Feโ“˜ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Feโ“˜ Clinochlore var. Ripidolite(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
Feโ“˜ StilpnomelaneK4Fe482+[Si64Al8]O164(OH)52 · nH2O
Feโ“˜ VesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
Feโ“˜ Andradite-Grossular Series
Feโ“˜ Chamosite var. Brunsvigite(Fe2+,Mg,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8
Feโ“˜ Magnetite var. MushketoviteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feโ“˜ Hedenbergite var. FerrosaliteCaFe2+Si2O6
CoCobalt
Coโ“˜ CobaltiteCoAsS
NiNickel
Niโ“˜ LapieiteNiCuSbS3
Niโ“˜ UllmanniteNiSbS
CuCopper
Cuโ“˜ BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6
Cuโ“˜ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Cuโ“˜ ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
Cuโ“˜ ChalcociteCu2S
Cuโ“˜ ChalcostibiteCuSbS2
Cuโ“˜ CubaniteCuFe2S3
Cuโ“˜ LapieiteNiCuSbS3
Cuโ“˜ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Cuโ“˜ RickarditeCu7Te5
Cuโ“˜ WitticheniteCu3BiS3
ZnZinc
Znโ“˜ SphaleriteZnS
AsArsenic
Asโ“˜ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Asโ“˜ CobaltiteCoAsS
MoMolybdenum
Moโ“˜ FerrimolybditeFe2(MoO4)3 · nH2O
Moโ“˜ MolybdeniteMoS2
Moโ“˜ PowelliteCa(MoO4)
AgSilver
Agโ“˜ Native SilverAg
SbAntimony
Sbโ“˜ ChalcostibiteCuSbS2
Sbโ“˜ LapieiteNiCuSbS3
Sbโ“˜ UllmanniteNiSbS
Sbโ“˜ ZinkenitePb9Sb22S42
TeTellurium
Teโ“˜ IngoditeBi2TeS
Teโ“˜ JosรฉiteBi4TeS2
Teโ“˜ Josรฉite-ABi4TeS2
Teโ“˜ RickarditeCu7Te5
Teโ“˜ SulphotsumoiteBi3Te2S
Teโ“˜ TetradymiteBi2Te2S
Teโ“˜ TsumoiteBiTe
Teโ“˜ BaksaniteBi6Te2S3
WTungsten
Wโ“˜ ScheeliteCa(WO4)
Wโ“˜ TungsteniteWS2
Wโ“˜ Scheelite var. MolybdoscheeliteCa(WO4)
AuGold
Auโ“˜ Native GoldAu
Auโ“˜ MaldoniteAu2Bi
PbLead
Pbโ“˜ GalenaPbS
Pbโ“˜ ZinkenitePb9Sb22S42
BiBismuth
Biโ“˜ Native BismuthBi
Biโ“˜ BismuthiniteBi2S3
Biโ“˜ IngoditeBi2TeS
Biโ“˜ JosรฉiteBi4TeS2
Biโ“˜ Josรฉite-ABi4TeS2
Biโ“˜ MaldoniteAu2Bi
Biโ“˜ SulphotsumoiteBi3Te2S
Biโ“˜ TetradymiteBi2Te2S
Biโ“˜ TsumoiteBiTe
Biโ“˜ WitticheniteCu3BiS3
Biโ“˜ BaksaniteBi6Te2S3

Geochronology

Mineralization age: Phanerozoic : 300 Ma to 5 Ma

Important note: This table is based only on rock and mineral ages recorded on mindat.org for this locality and is not necessarily a complete representation of the geochronology, but does give an indication of possible mineralization events relevant to this locality. As more age information is added this table may expand in the future. A break in the table simply indicates a lack of data entered here, not necessarily a break in the geologic sequence. Grey background entries are from different, related, localities.

Geologic TimeRocks, Minerals and Events
Phanerozoic
 Cenozoic
  Neogene
   Pliocene
โ“˜ Pyroxene Group (youngest age)5 Ma
โ“˜ Garnet Group (youngest age)5 Ma
    
  
 Paleozoic
  Carboniferous
   Pennsylvanian
โ“˜ Pyroxene Group (oldest age)300 Ma
โ“˜ Garnet Group (oldest age)300 Ma

Localities in this Region

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

CaucasusTranscontinental Region
Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate
EuropeContinent
Russia

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

 
and/or  
Mindat.orgยฎ is an outreach project of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization. Mindatยฎ and mindat.orgยฎ are registered trademarks of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy.
Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2026, except where stated. Most political location boundaries are ยฉ OpenStreetMap contributors. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters. Founded in 2000 by Jolyon Ralph and Ida Chau.
Content on this site may not be used to train, fine-tune, or otherwise develop artificial intelligence or machine learning models without prior written permission - see our Terms & Conditions.
To cite: Ralph, J., Von Bargen, D., Martynov, P., Zhang, J., Que, X., Prabhu, A., Morrison, S. M., Li, W., Chen, W., & Ma, X. (2025). Mindat.org: The open access mineralogy database to accelerate data-intensive geoscience research. American Mineralogist, 110(6), 833โ€“844. doi:10.2138/am-2024-9486.
Privacy Policy - Terms & Conditions - Contact Us / DMCA issues - Report a bug/vulnerability Current server date and time: October 14, 2026 02:21:01 Page updated: July 24, 2026 09:27:08
Go to top of page