Safflorite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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Safflorite

Neuglück Mine, Böckelsbach valley, Wittichen, Schenkenzell, Rottweil, Freiburg Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Safflorite, etc.

Bouismas Mine, Tansifte Caïdat, Agdz Cercle, Zagora Province, Drâa-Tafilalet Region, Morocco

Safflorite

Amphibolite quarry, Mackenheim, Abtsteinach, Bergstraße, Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany

Safflorite

Neuglück Mine, Böckelsbach valley, Wittichen, Schenkenzell, Rottweil, Freiburg Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Safflorite, etc.

Bouismas Mine, Tansifte Caïdat, Agdz Cercle, Zagora Province, Drâa-Tafilalet Region, Morocco

Safflorite

Amphibolite quarry, Mackenheim, Abtsteinach, Bergstraße, Darmstadt, Hesse, Germany

Safflorite

Neuglück Mine, Böckelsbach valley, Wittichen, Schenkenzell, Rottweil, Freiburg Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany

Safflorite, etc.

Bouismas Mine, Tansifte Caïdat, Agdz Cercle, Zagora Province, Drâa-Tafilalet Region, Morocco

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About SaffloriteHide

Formula:

(Co,Ni,Fe)As₂

Must contain Fe and/or Ni replacing Co for structure stabilization.

Colour:

Tin-white, tarnishing to dark grey

Lustre:

Metallic

Hardness:

4½ - 5

Specific Gravity:

7.2

Crystal System:

Orthorhombic

Member of:

Löllingite Group

Name:

Named in 1835 by Johann Friedrich August Breithaupt from German "Safflor" or "Zaffer" because it was used in the manufacture of zaffer, an impure oxide of cobalt used as a pigment.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Daniel Mine (St. Daniel Mine), Neustädtel, Schneeberg, Erzgebirgskreis, Saxony, Germany

Isostructural with:

Marcasite

Löllingite Group.

"Chemical analyses of various natural and synthetic samples reveal that Pnnm safflorite always contains some amounts of Fe and Ni, whereas materials with 80–100% (mole) CoAs2 crystallize in monoclinic P21/c symmetry [= clinosafflorite] (Holmes, 1947; Swanson et al., 1966; Radcliffe & Berry, 1971)." (Yang et al., 2008).

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

3500

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:3500:8

Similar NamesHide

Sfalerite

A synonym of Sphalerite

IMA Classification of SaffloriteHide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

IMA Formula:

Co³⁺(As₂)^3-

First published:

1817

Classification of SaffloriteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

2.EB.15a

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
E : Metal Sulfides, M: S <= 1:2
B : M:S = 1:2, with Fe, Co, Ni, PGE, etc.

Dana 8th ed.:

2.12.2.11

2 : SULFIDES
12 : A_mB_nX_p, with (m+n):p = 1:2

Hey's CIM Ref.:

3.10.10

3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
10 : Sulphides etc. of Co

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Saf	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
Saf	Whitney & Evans (2010)	Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371
Sfl	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019)	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Pronunciation of SaffloriteHide

Pronunciation:

Play	Recorded by	Country
	Jolyon Ralph	United Kingdom

Physical Properties of SaffloriteHide

Lustre:

Metallic

Transparency:

Opaque

Colour:

Tin-white, tarnishing to dark grey

Streak:

Grayish black

Hardness:

4½ - 5 on Mohs scale

Hardness:

VHN₁₀₀=792 - 882 kg/mm² - Vickers

Tenacity:

Brittle

Cleavage:

Distinct/Good
Distinct on {100}

Fracture:

Irregular/Uneven, Conchoidal

Density:

7.2 g/cm³ (Measured) 7.471 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of SaffloriteHide

Anisotropism:

Strong

Reflectivity:

Wavelength	R₁ (%)	R₂ (%)
400nm	55.8%	52.6%
420nm	55.8%	53.0%
440nm	55.8%	53.4%
460nm	55.6%	53.8%
480nm	55.2%	54.1%
500nm	54.7%	54.3%
520nm	54.2%	54.4%
540nm	53.5%	54.5%
560nm	52.8%	54.5%
580nm	52.2%	54.5%
600nm	51.8%	54.4%
620nm	51.3%	54.3%
640nm	51.0%	54.2%
660nm	50.7%	54.1%
680nm	50.5%	53.9%
700nm	50.3%	53.8%

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 55.8%.
R₁ shown in black, R₂ shown in red

Colour in reflected light:

White

Pleochroism:

Weak

Chemistry of SaffloriteHide

Mindat Formula:

(Co,Ni,Fe)As₂

Must contain Fe and/or Ni replacing Co for structure stabilization.

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
As	71.772 %
Co	28.228 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

As, Co, Fe, Ni - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Common Impurities:

Cu,Ni,S

Crystallography of SaffloriteHide

Crystal System:

Orthorhombic

Class (H-M):

mmm(2/m2/m2/m) - Dipyramidal

Space Group:

Pnnm

Cell Parameters:

a = 5.173 Å, b = 5.954 Å, c = 2.999 Å

Ratio:

a:b:c = 0.869 : 1 : 0.504

Unit Cell V:

92.37 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Prismatic crystals.

Twinning:

As fivelings on {011}, twin plane {101}.

Crystallographic forms of SaffloriteHide

Crystal Atlas:

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Safflorite no.5 - {110} - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided by www.smorf.nl.

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0010487	Safflorite	Yang H, Downs R T, Eichler C (2008) Safflorite, (Co,Ni,Fe)As2, isomorphous with marcasite Acta Crystallographica E64 i62-i62		2008	Timiskaming County, Ontario, Canada, RRUFF ID: R070611	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Safflorite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Yang H'
'Downs R T'
'Eichler C'
_journal_name_full 'Acta Crystallographica, Section E'
_journal_volume 64 
_journal_year 2008
_journal_page_first i62
_journal_page_last i62
_publ_section_title
;
 Safflorite, (Co,Ni,Fe)As2, isomorphous with marcasite
;
_database_code_amcsd 0010487
_chemical_compound_source 'Timiskaming County, Ontario, Canada, RRUFF ID: R070611'
_chemical_formula_sum '(Co.61 Fe.17 Ni.22) As2'
_cell_length_a 5.0669
_cell_length_b 5.8739
_cell_length_c 3.1346
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 93.293
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      7.411
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P n n m'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '1/2+x,1/2-y,1/2+z'
  '1/2-x,1/2+y,1/2-z'
  '1/2-x,1/2+y,1/2+z'
  '1/2+x,1/2-y,1/2-z'
  'x,y,-z'
  '-x,-y,z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
Co   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000   0.61000   0.01300
Fe   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000   0.17000   0.01300
Ni   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000   0.22000   0.01300
As   0.18637   0.36589   0.00000   1.00000   0.01030
loop_
_atom_site_aniso_label
_atom_site_aniso_U_11
_atom_site_aniso_U_22
_atom_site_aniso_U_33
_atom_site_aniso_U_12
_atom_site_aniso_U_13
_atom_site_aniso_U_23
Co 0.00900 0.00330 0.02670 0.00010 0.00000 0.00000
Fe 0.00900 0.00330 0.02670 0.00010 0.00000 0.00000
Ni 0.00900 0.00330 0.02670 0.00010 0.00000 0.00000
As 0.01400 0.00460 0.01240 -0.00002 0.00000 0.00000

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
3.91 Å	(2)
2.958 Å	(14)
2.677 Å	(88)
2.597 Å	(55)
2.572 Å	(80)
2.379 Å	(100)
1.953 Å	(14)
1.945 Å	(14)
1.862 Å	(45)
1.849 Å	(20)
1.650 Å	(20)
1.636 Å	(20)
1.569 Å	(8)
1.503 Å	(8)
1.500 Å	(8)
1.307 Å	(2)
1.283 Å	(8)
1.103 Å	(4)
1.076 Å	(4)
1.051 Å	(1)
1.018 Å	(1)
0.924 Å	(1)
0.9208 Å	(1)

Comments:

Cobalt, Canada, ICDD 23-88

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])

Geological Setting:

In moderate temperature hydrothermal veins

Type Occurrence of SaffloriteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Daniel Mine (St. Daniel Mine), Neustädtel, Schneeberg, Erzgebirgskreis, Saxony, Germany

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Technische Universität, Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany, number 3865.

Synonyms of SaffloriteHide

Cobalt lollingite

Cobalt-Löllingite

Lederkobold (in part)

Other Language Names for SaffloriteHide

Anglo-Saxon:Safflorite

Dutch:Saffloriet

German:Safflorit
Arsenikkobalteisen
Arsenkobalteisen
Asenikkobalt
Eisenkobaltkies
Eisenspeiskobalt
Grauer Speiskobalt

Japanese:サフロ鉱

Russian:Саффлорит

Simplified Chinese:斜方砷钴矿

Spanish:Safflorita

Relationship of Safflorite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Löllingite Group

Other Members of Löllingite Group:

Alloclasite	Co_1-xFe_xAsS	Mon. 2 : P2₁
Anduoite	RuAs₂	Orth.
Clinosafflorite	CoAs₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
Costibite	CoSbS	Orth. mm2 : Pmn2₁
Löllingite	FeAs₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm
Nisbite	NiSb₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm
Oenite	CoSbAs	Orth.
Omeiite	OsAs₂	Orth.
Paracostibite	CoSbS	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
Pararammelsbergite	NiAs₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
Rammelsbergite	NiAs₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm
'UM1998-01-AsSb:CoFeNi'	(Fe,Ni)SbAs

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

169 photos of Safflorite associated with Native Silver	Ag
158 photos of Safflorite associated with Native Bismuth	Bi
132 photos of Safflorite associated with Quartz	SiO₂
113 photos of Safflorite associated with Skutterudite	CoAs₃
67 photos of Safflorite associated with Rammelsbergite	NiAs₂
56 photos of Safflorite associated with Calcite	CaCO₃
50 photos of Safflorite associated with Pyrite	FeS₂
35 photos of Safflorite associated with Erythrite	Co₃(AsO₄)₂ · 8H₂O
34 photos of Safflorite associated with Acanthite	Ag₂S
27 photos of Safflorite associated with Pyrargyrite	Ag₃SbS₃

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

2.EB.	Selenolaurite	RuSe₂	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.	Andrieslombaardite	RhSbS	Iso. 23 : P2₁3
2.EB.	Iridarsenite	(Ir,Ru)As₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/c
2.EB.	Kanatzidisite	(SbBiS₃)₂Te₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
2.EB.05a	Vaesite	NiS₂	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.05a	Hauerite	MnS₂	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.05a	Laurite	RuS₂	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.05a	Gaotaiite	Ir₃Te₈	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.05a	Penroseite	(Ni,Co,Cu)Se₂	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.05a	Fukuchilite	Cu₃FeS₈	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.05a	Villamanínite	(Cu,Ni,Co,Fe)S₂	Tric.
2.EB.05a	Erlichmanite	OsS₂	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.05a	Sperrylite	PtAs₂	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.05a	Geversite	PtSb₂	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.05a	Cattierite	CoS₂	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.05a	Aurostibite	AuSb₂	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.05a	Trogtalite	CoSe₂	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.05a v	'Cayeuxite'
2.EB.05a	Kruťaite	CuSe₂	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.05a	Pyrite	FeS₂	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.05a	Insizwaite	PtBi₂	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.05b	Bambollaite	Cu(Se,Te)₂	Tet.
2.EB.05a	Dzharkenite	FeSe₂	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.10a	Marcasite	FeS₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm
2.EB.10e	Paracostibite	CoSbS	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
2.EB.10f	Oenite	CoSbAs	Orth.
2.EB.10e	Pararammelsbergite	NiAs₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
2.EB.10a	Mattagamite	CoTe₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm
2.EB.10a	Frohbergite	FeTe₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm
2.EB.10d	Costibite	CoSbS	Orth. mm2 : Pmn2₁
2.EB.10b	Alloclasite	Co_1-xFe_xAsS	Mon. 2 : P2₁
2.EB.10c	Glaucodot	(Co_0.50Fe_0.50)AsS	Orth. mm2 : Pmn2₁
2.EB.10a	Petříčekite	CuSe₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm
2.EB.10a	Kullerudite	NiSe₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm
2.EB.10a	Ferroselite	FeSe₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm
2.EB.15b	Seinäjokite	FeSb₂	Orth.
2.EB.15a	Rammelsbergite	NiAs₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm
2.EB.15a	Clinosafflorite	CoAs₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
2.EB.15c	Paxite	CuAs₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/c
2.EB.15a	Nisbite	NiSb₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm
2.EB.15a	Löllingite	FeAs₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm
2.EB.15a	Omeiite	OsAs₂	Orth.
2.EB.15a	Anduoite	RuAs₂	Orth.
2.EB.20	Arsenopyrite	FeAsS	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/c
2.EB.20	Ruarsite	(Ru,Os)AsS	Mon.
2.EB.20	Osarsite	(Os,Ru)AsS	Mon.
2.EB.20	Gudmundite	FeSbS	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/c
2.EB.25	Mayingite	IrBiTe	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.25	Maslovite	PtBiTe	Iso. 23 : P2₁3
2.EB.25	Paragersdorffite	Ni(As,S)₂	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.25	Orthogersdorffite	NiAsS	Orth. mm2 : Pca2₁
2.EB.25	Sulfopadmaite	PdBiS	Iso. 23 : P2₁3
2.EB.25	Jolliffeite	NiAsSe	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.25	Cobaltite	CoAsS	Orth. mm2 : Pca2₁
2.EB.25	Guixiangite	NiBiS	Iso. 23 : P2₁3
2.EB.25	Testibiopalladite	PdSbTe	Iso.
2.EB.25 va	'Antimony-bearing Gersdorffite'	Ni(As,Sb)S
2.EB.25	Kalungaite	PdAsSe	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.25	Hollingworthite	(Rh,Pt,Pd)AsS	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.25	Michenerite	PdBiTe	Iso. 23 : P2₁3
2.EB.25	Gersdorffite	NiAsS	Iso. 23 : P2₁3
2.EB.25	Milotaite	PdSbSe	Iso. 23 : P2₁3
2.EB.25	Tolovkite	IrSbS	Iso.
2.EB.25	'Platarsite'	Pt(As,S)₂	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.25	Willyamite	CoSbS
2.EB.25	Changchengite	IrBiS	Iso. 23 : P2₁3
2.EB.25	Kvačekite	NiSbSe	Iso. 23 : P2₁3
2.EB.25	Krutovite	NiAs₂	Iso. 23 : P2₁3
2.EB.25	Padmaite	PdBiSe	Iso. 432
2.EB.25	Ullmannite	NiSbS	Iso. 23 : P2₁3
2.EB.25	Irarsite	(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS	Iso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
2.EB.30	Urvantsevite	Pd(Bi,Pb)₂	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I4/mmm
2.EB.35	Rheniite	ReS₂	Tric. 1 : P1

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Safflorite in petrologyHide

An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.

Internet Links for SaffloriteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-3500.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

Mineral Dealers:

Buy from D. Joyce minerals

References for SaffloriteHide

Reference List:

Bulletin de Minéralogie: 89: 213-215.

Breithaupt, A. (1817) Strahliger Weisser Speiskobold. C.A.S. Hoffmann´s Handbuch der Mineralogie, Vol. 4.1.- Freiberg, Verl. Craz & Gerlach: 181-182.

Breithaupt, A. (1835) Ueber das verhältniss der formen zu den mischungen krystallisirter körper. Journal für Praktische Chemie: 4: 249-271 (265).

Flink (1908) Ark. Kemi: 3(11): 73.

Buerger, M. J. (1937) A common orientation and a classification for crystals based upon a marcasite-like packing. American Mineralogist, 22 (1) 48-56

Holmes, Ralph J. (1942) Relationships of the Higher Arsenides of Cobalt, Nickel and Iron Occurring in Nature. Science, 96 (2482). p.90-92. doi:10.1126/science.96.2482.90

Fleischer, M. (1943) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 28: 61-64.

Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1944) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 1 - Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, New York.pp.307-309

Radcliffe, Dennis, Berry, L. G. (1968) The safflorite-loellingite solid solution series. American Mineralogist, 53 (11-12) 1856-1881

Fleischer, Michael (1969) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 54 (9-10) 1495-1499

Nickel, E.H. (1970) The application of ligand-field concepts to an understanding of the structural stabilities and solid-solution limits of sulphides and related minerals. Chemical Geology, 5 (4) 233-241 doi:10.1016/0009-2541(70)90040-9

Radcliffe, Dennis; Berry, L. G. (1971) Clinosafflorite; a monoclinic polymorph of safflorite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 10 (5). p.877-881.

Petruk, W.; Harris, D. C.; Stewart, J. M. (1971) Characteristics of the arsenides, sulpharsenides, and antimonides. The Canadian Mineralogist, 11 (1). p.150-186.

Hem, S. R., Makovicky, E. (2004) The System Fe-Co-Ni-As-S. II. Phase Relations in the (Fe,Co,Ni)As1.5S0.5 Section at 650° and 500°C. The Canadian Mineralogist, 42 (1). 63-86 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.42.1.63

Gritzenko, Y.D., Spiridonov, E.M. (2005) Minerals of continuous series rammelsbergite—loellingite and rammelsbergite—safflorite in metamorphic—hydrothermal veins of Norilsk ore field. Zapiski Rossiiskogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchetstva: 134(1): 53-68.

(2007) Safflorite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Yang, Hexiong, Downs, Robert T., Eichler, Carla (2008) Safflorite, (Co,Ni,Fe)As₂, isomorphous with marcasite. Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online, 64 (9). i62 doi:10.1107/s1600536808026688

Hazen, Robert M., Hystad, Grethe, Golden, Joshua J., Hummer, Daniel R., Liu, Chao, Downs, Robert T., Morrison, Shaunna M., Ralph, Jolyon, Grew, Edward S. (2017) Cobalt mineral ecology. American Mineralogist, 102 (1) 108-116 doi:10.2138/am-2017-5798

Localities for SaffloriteHide

Showing 423 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Argentina
La Rioja Province Chilecito department ⓘ Cerro Negro mining district	De Brodtkorb (2009)
ⓘ Peregrina mine	Brodtkorb (2002)
ⓘ Rosario Mine	Personally collected by Günter Frenz +1 other reference

Australia
New South Wales Clive Co. ⓘ Cobalt-New Hope-Clarkes (New Hope Mine; Bung lode; Cobalt lode; Clarkes lode; Sherrats Mine; New Hope wolfram; James Public School deposit)	Henley et al. (2001)
Drake Co. Gordonbrook ⓘ Flintoffs Copper Mine	Munro-Smith (2006)
Gough Co. Emmaville ⓘ Bismuth Mine	Henley et al. (2001)
Yancowinna Co. Broken Hill district Broken Hill ⓘ Broken Hill South Mine (BHS Mine; South Mine)	Ramdohr (1950)
ⓘ Consols Mine (ABH Consols Mine; Australian Broken Hill Consols Mine)	Munro-Smith (2006)
South Australia Pastoral Unincorporated Area Mount Eba ⓘ Prominent Hill Mine	Habibi et al. (2026)
Olympic Dam ⓘ Olympic Dam Mine	Ehrig et al. (2012)
Western Australia Kalgoorlie-Boulder Shire Woolibar Station (Hampton Plains Goldfield) ⓘ Mount Martin deposit (Mount Martin Ni prospect)	Marston (1984)

Austria
Burgenland Oberwart District Stadtschlaining ⓘ Antimony mine ?	Huber et al. (1977)
Carinthia Sankt Veit an der Glan District Hüttenberg ⓘ Hüttenberger Erzberg	Niedermayr et al. (1995) +1 other reference
Styria Liezen District Schladming Obertalbach valley ⓘ Duisitzkar	Friedrich (1933)
ⓘ Zinkwand (Neualpe)	Pribitzer (1956) +1 other reference
Murtal District Spielberg ⓘ Flatschach	Leitner (2013)
ⓘ Cu deposit (Schönberg)	Raith et al. (2015)
ⓘ Brunngraben district	Gröbner (2000)
Tyrol Kufstein District Reith im Alpbachtal Geyer - Silberberg mining district ⓘ Silberberg	- (1994, July)
Landeck District Serfaus ⓘ Masner Alp	Exel (1982)
Lienz District Prägraten am Großvenediger Timmelbach valley ⓘ Wunwand (Wunspitze)	Kolitsch et al. (2017)

Azerbaijan
Balakan District Belokan-Avar ore district ⓘ Filizchai deposit	- (2005)

Bolivia
Cochabamba Arque Province Cerro Grande District ⓘ Cerro Grande Mine	Federico Ahlfeld y Alejandro Schneider-Scherbina (1964)
Potosí Antonio Quijarro Province ⓘ Luruma Mine	Dill et al. (1997)

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Republika Srpska Srebrenica ⓘ Čumavići deposit	Radosavljević et al. (2016)

Brazil
Pará Marabá ⓘ Salobo Mine	Vale SA

Canada
British Columbia Lillooet Mining Division ⓘ Little Gem prospect	Montgomery (n.d.) +1 other reference
Omineca Mining Division New Hazelton ⓘ Red Rose Mine	Montgomery (n.d.)
ⓘ Red Rose Mine	Montgomery (n.d.)
ⓘ Rocher Deboule Mine	Montgomery (n.d.) +1 other reference
ⓘ Victoria property (Hazelton view)	Montgomery (n.d.) +1 other reference
Osoyoos Mining Division Hedley ⓘ Oregon Mine (French Mine)	Thompson (1951)
Northwest Territories Camsell River area ⓘ Norex Mine	Badham (1975)
ⓘ Silver Bay Mine	Badham (1975)
ⓘ Silver Bear mine (Terra mines; North mine; Terra Mining and Exploration Company mine)	D. C. Harris (1973) +1 other reference
Great Slave Lake East Arm area ⓘ Copper Pass deposit	Badham et al. (1980)
ⓘ West Labelle	Badham et al. (1980)
ⓘ Zig vein	Badham et al. (1980)
Easter Island Dike ⓘ Easter-Duffy mineral occurrence	Graham et al. (2026)
North Slave Region Great Bear Lake ⓘ Port Radium District	Lang (1952) +2 other references
ⓘ Contact Lake Mine (B.E.A.R. deposit)	Lang (1952)
ⓘ Echo Bay Mine (Cross Fault shaft)	Mielke (n.d.) +1 other reference
ⓘ Eldorado Mine	Kidd et al. (1935) +1 other reference
ⓘ No. 1 Shaft (Port Radium mine)	Lang (1952)
ⓘ Terra mine	ntgomap.nwtgeoscience.ca (2015)
Ontario Timiskaming District Cobalt-Gowganda region ⓘ Cobalt area	159-161. +1 other reference
Bucke Township ⓘ Beanland prospect	MDI Number: MDI31M05NE00117
ⓘ Green-Meehan Mine (Red Rock Mine; Edwards-Wright)	Sabina (2000)
ⓘ Hellens-Eplett Mine	Mielke (n.d.)
Casey Township ⓘ Langis Mine (Casey Cobalt ; Casey-Seneca)	Petruk et al. (1969)
Coleman Township ⓘ Argentite mine	MDI Number: MDI31M05NE00202
ⓘ Badger mine	Sergiades
ⓘ Buffalo Mine ?	M.Kampf +3 other references
ⓘ Campbell-Crowford Mine	Sergiades
Cart Lake ⓘ Gould Mine	Reiner Mielke 2016
ⓘ Seneca Superior Mine	Ontario Geological Survey Miscellaneous ... +1 other reference
ⓘ Shaft #2	Reiner Mielke 2016
ⓘ Cobalt Lode Mine	Mielke (n.d.)
ⓘ Cobalt Paymaster Mine	MDI31M05NE00197
ⓘ Colonial Mine	Sabina (2000)
ⓘ Conisil Mine	Mielke (n.d.)
ⓘ Davis Silver mine	Sergiades
ⓘ Deer Horn Mine (Cross Lake O'Brien Mine)	Sabina (1974)
ⓘ Drummond Mine (Cobalt Comet Mine)	Montgomery (n.d.)
ⓘ Fisher-Eplett Mine	MDI Number: MDI31M05SE00144
ⓘ Hargrave Mine	Andrew Debnam collection
ⓘ Hudson Bay Mine	ontariominerals.com
ⓘ Juno Mine	Sabina (2000)
ⓘ Kerr Lake Mine (Jacobs Mine)	Ontario Geological Survey Miscellaneous ... +1 other reference
ⓘ King Edward Mine (Watts and Allen Mine; King Cobalt Mine)	personal correspondence with Doug Scott
ⓘ Lake George Cobalt mine	Sergiades
ⓘ Lawson Mine	R.Mielke 2009
ⓘ Lumsden Mine	Sabina (2000)
ⓘ McKinley-Darragh Mine	Ontario Geological Survey Miscellaneous ... +1 other reference
ⓘ Nipissing 404	Can. Mineral l0
ⓘ Unnamed vein A	Reiner Mielke 2016
ⓘ Vein 27	Reiner Mielke 2016
ⓘ Vein 49	Reiner Mielke 2016
ⓘ Wilson-Mielke property	Reiner Mielke 2016
ⓘ Nipissing 407 Mine (Agnico Mine)	Sabina (2000)
ⓘ Nova Scotia Mine	Sabina (2000)
ⓘ O'Brien Mine	Ontario Geological Survey Miscellaneous ... +1 other reference
ⓘ Old Chap mine	MDI Number: MDI31M05NE00207
ⓘ Ophir-Mayfair	Sabina (2000)
ⓘ Penn-Canadian Mine (Cobalt Central; Bailey ; Glen Lake ; Big Pete)	Ontario Geological Survey Miscellaneous ... +1 other reference
ⓘ Peterson Lake Mine	Mielke (n.d.)
ⓘ Pontiac Mine	Sergiades
ⓘ Princess Mine	Sabina (2000)
ⓘ Reinhardt Cross Lake Property	Sabina (2000)
ⓘ Rochester Mine	Sabina (2000)
ⓘ Shamrock mine	Sergiades
ⓘ Silver Cliff Mine	Jeffrey de Fourestier collection
ⓘ Silver Miller Mine (Pan Silver)	Sabina (2000)
ⓘ Silver Queen Mine	R.Mielke
ⓘ Silverfields mine (Alexandra mine)	Ontario Geological Survey Miscellaneous ... +1 other reference
ⓘ Townsite Mine	Ontario Geological Survey Miscellaneous ... +1 other reference
ⓘ Trethewey Mine	Ontario Geological Survey Miscellaneous ... +2 other references
ⓘ Victory Mine (Silver Banner Mine; Gifford Extension)	Ontario Dept. of Mines
Gillies Limit ⓘ Cleopatra Mine (HiHo) ?	Robert C. Smith
ⓘ South Giroux mine (Consolidated Professor)	Sergiades
ⓘ Waldman Mine	Reiner Mielke 2016
Harris Township ⓘ Dolphin-Miller Mine (Harmak)	MDI31M12SE00003
ⓘ Penna Mine	MDI31M12SE00010
Elk Lake area Willet Township ⓘ Lucky Godfrey Mine (Pritchard-Bastien)	MDI Number: MDI41P09NW00002
ⓘ Willet Silver Mine (Paragon)	Sergiades
Gowganda area Haultain Township ⓘ Bonsall Mine	Sabina (2000)
ⓘ Capitol Mine	Sergiades
ⓘ Castle Mine (Castle-Trethewey Mine)	Sabina (1974)
ⓘ Cobalt Nugget occurrence (Donaldson Claim)	MDI41P10NW00030
ⓘ Lower Bonsall Mine	Ontario Dept. of Mines
ⓘ Millcrest occurrence	Sergiades
ⓘ Millerett Mine	Sabina (2000)
Leith Township ⓘ Rusty Lake Mine (Rustex Mine; Hudson Bay Mine)	Can Mineral December 1971 v. 11 no. 1 ...
Milner Township ⓘ Bishop Mine	MDI Number: MDI41P10NW00021
ⓘ Mann Mine (Manridge)	Sabina (1974) +2 other references
ⓘ Reeve-Dobie Mine	MDI Number: MDI41P10SW00005
Nicol Township ⓘ Chapelle Mine	Maggie Wilson
ⓘ Morrison Mine	Specimens obtained at 2010 CMMA ...
ⓘ Siscoe Mine (Miller Lake O'Brien Mine; O'Brien Mine)	Can Mineral December 1971 v. 11 no. 1 ...
Lorrain Township ⓘ Caswell prospect (Taylor Pipe; Lepaladan)	Ontario Geological Survey (2014)
ⓘ Empire occurrence (Empire Cobalt Mines)	Ontario Geological Survey (2014)
South Lorrain Township ⓘ Bellellen Mine	Mielke (n.d.)
ⓘ Curry Mine	Sergiades
ⓘ Keeley-Frontier Mine	Mielke (n.d.) +1 other reference
ⓘ Wettlaufer Mine	MDI Number: MDI31M03NW00012
Whitson Township ⓘ Darby occurrence	MDI Number: MDI41P08NW00008
ⓘ White Reserve mine (Argentium Silver)	MDI Number: MDI41P08NW00002
Québec Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine La Haute-Gaspésie RCM Mont-Albert ⓘ Madeleine mine	Girard (1971)

Chile
Atacama Chañaral province ⓘ Goyonechea (Adelinda)	Documents from Enami 1964-1983 (Chilean National Enterprise for Small Mines)
Copiapó Province Cabeza de Vaca mining district ⓘ La Emilia mine	Sample in the I. Domeyko Museum
Tierra Amarilla Pampa Larga mining district ⓘ Veta Negra Mine	SEM-EDS by Joy Desor
Coquimbo Limarí Province Ovalle ⓘ Las Galenas mine	C. Ruiz Fuller/F. Peebles (1988)
Valparaíso San Felipe de Aconcagua Province ⓘ Filomena mine (Cajón del Río mine)	C. Ruiz Fuller/F. Peebles (1988)

China
Inner Mongolia Alxa League (Alashan Prefecture) Alxa Right Banner (Alashan Youqi) ⓘ Gaxun Tal Mine (Kaxiutata Mine)	Dongqing Xu et al. (2006) +1 other reference
Jiangxi Fuzhou Chongren Co. ⓘ Hengjian U deposit (U deposit No. 611; Fuzhou Mine)	Rengui Wu and Dagan Yu (2000)
Le'an Co. Zoujiashan ore district ⓘ U deposit No. 6122	Rengui Wu and Dagan Yu (2000)
Yichun Yuanzhou District ⓘ Wubaoshan Co deposit	Wang et al. (2024)
Liaoning Dandong Kuandian County Zhenjiang ⓘ Zhenjiang Au deposit	Guangcheng Chi and Ailin Zhao (2006)
Qinghai Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Dulan County ⓘ Haisi Fe deposit	Gao et al. (2026)
Xinjiang Hami Prefecture (Kumul Prefecture; Qumul Prefecture) Yizhou District ⓘ Cihai iron mine	Yiming Zhao and Daxin Li (2003) +2 other references
Kezilesu Autonomous Prefecture (Kizilsu Autonomous Prefecture; Qizilsu Autonomous Prefecture) Aketao Co. (Akto Co.; Aqto Co.) ⓘ Kalama Mine	Jingchun Wang and Nan Fang (2005)

Czech Republic
Central Bohemian Region Příbram District Dubno ⓘ Uranium Mine No. 21	Lavinsky (n.d.)
Příbram Brod Uranium Mine No. 6 (Shaft No. 6) ⓘ B117 hydrothermal vein	Sejkora et al. (2024)
Hradec Králové Region Trutnov District ⓘ Černý Důl
Karlovy Vary Region Karlovy Vary District ⓘ Jáchymov	Duda
Liberec Region Liberec District ⓘ Křižany	Fengl (1.)
ⓘ North Bohemian Uranium District	Scharm +7 other references
Olomouc Region Jeseník District ⓘ Bilá Voda	Sejkora (2016)
Javorník Horní Hoštice ⓘ Jelení hill	Pauliš et al. (2004)
Zálesí ⓘ Zálesí uranium deposit	Sejkora (1994)
Pardubice Region Chrudim District Svratouch ⓘ Hedenbergite skarn	Malec et al. (2013)
Plzeň Region Tachov District Chodský Újezd Dolní Jadruž ⓘ Svatá Anna	www.mineralos.cz (2002)
Zadní Chodov ⓘ Zadní Chodov deposit (Hinterkotten deposit)	Parma (1973)
Ústí nad Labem Region Chomutov District Kryštofovy Hamry ⓘ Přísečnice	Sejkora et al. (2019)
ⓘ Měděnec
ⓘ Magnetite Mine	Hyrsl et al. (2009)
Teplice District Dubí ⓘ Cínovec	Krátký et al. (2026)
Moldava ⓘ Moldava deposit	Sejkora (1994)

Ecuador
El Oro Province Zaruma Canton ⓘ Zaruma deposit	I. Vikentyev et al. (2005)

Finland
North Ostrobothnia Ylivieska ⓘ Kurula	Hector et al. (2023)
Southwest Finland Somero ⓘ Satulinmäki prospect	Eilu (2003)

France
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Isère Grenoble Allemond ⓘ Les Chalanches Mine	... +1 other reference
Bourgogne-Franche-Comté Haute-Saône Lure Mélisey Château-Lambert ⓘ Silver mines	Wittern et al. (1997)
Grand Est Haut-Rhin Colmar-Ribeauvillé Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines ⓘ Neuenberg	Bari (1982)
ⓘ Chrétien vein	Wittern et al. (1997)
ⓘ Chrétien Inférieur mine	De Bondt (n.d.)
ⓘ Kobalt shaft	De Bondt (n.d.)
Saint Guillaume vein ⓘ Glückauf Mine (XVIIIth; St Peter Mine high level area)	Wittern et al. (1997)
Saint Jacques vein ⓘ Gabe Gottes Mine	Wittern +1 other reference
ⓘ Sankt Jakob Mine	This mine worked the same vein as Gabe ... +2 other references
Vosges Épinal Bussang ⓘ Bussang mining district	Hohl (1994)
ⓘ Fresse-sur-Moselle	Wittern et al. (1997)
Saint-Dié-des-Vosges Ban-sur-Meurthe-Clefcy Le Grand Valtin ⓘ Straiture	Hohl (1994)
Lorraine Vosges District de La-Croix-aux-Mines La-Croix-aux-Mines ⓘ La Croix-aux-Mines mines	Wittern et al. (1997)
Occitanie Hautes-Pyrénées ⓘ Aure Valley	De Ascenção Guedes et al. (2002)
ⓘ Beyrède-Jumet	Notice de la carte géologique d'Arreau +1 other reference

Germany
Baden-Württemberg Freiburg Region Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald Münstertal Belchen ⓘ Giftgrube ?	Walenta (1992)
ⓘ Teufelsgrund Mine ?	Walenta (1992)
Sulzburg ⓘ Cobalt mine (Segen Gottes mine; Gottes Segen mine)	Wimmenauer (1955)
Lörrach Aitern ⓘ Tannenboden mine	Walenta (1992)
Todtnau ⓘ Brandenberg Mine	Weiß (1990)
Silberberg ⓘ Dr. Tholus Brunnen Mine	Weiß (1990)
ⓘ Maus Mine	Weiß (1990)
Ortenaukreis Hausach Hausach ⓘ Hechtsberg quarry	Walenta (1992)
Oberwolfach ⓘ Clara Mine	Walenta (1980) +1 other reference
Frohnbach valley ⓘ Wenzel Mine	Walenta (1992)
Rottweil Schenkenzell Wittichen Böckelsbach valley ⓘ Neuglück Mine	Walenta (1992)
ⓘ Simson Mine	Weiß (1990)
ⓘ Sophia Mine	Walenta (1992) +1 other reference
Burgfelsen ⓘ Johann Mine
Heubach Valley ⓘ Anton Mine
ⓘ Schmiedestollen dump	Walenta (1992)
Schiltach Stammelbach valley ⓘ Hilfe Gottes Mine	Markl (1992)
Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis Triberg im Schwarzwald Nußbach ⓘ Krähenloch tunnel
ⓘ Vordertal	Steen (2007)
Vöhrenbach Hammereisenbach-Bregenbach ⓘ Fischerhof	Walenta (1992)
Waldshut Dachsberg Urberg ⓘ Gottesehre Mine	Walenta (1992)
St Blasien Menzenschwand ⓘ Krunkelbach Valley Uranium deposit	Walenta (1992)
Karlsruhe Region Baden-Baden ⓘ Müllenbach U deposit
Freudenstadt Alpirsbach ⓘ Reinerzau mining district	Walenta (1992)
Rhein-Neckar-Kreis Schriesheim Branich hill (Pranig hill) ⓘ Anna-Elisabeth Mine	Nickel et al. (1985)
Bavaria Upper Palatinate Schwandorf District Stulln ⓘ Heißer Stein Mine	Weiß (1990)
ⓘ Wölsendorf fluorite mining district	Dill et al. (2010)
Brandenburg Spree-Neiße Spremberg ⓘ Spremberg-Graustein-Schleife deposit (Spremberg-Graustein Cu deposit)	Nourizenouz et al. (2026)
Hesse Darmstadt Bergstraße Abtsteinach Mackenheim ⓘ “Viadukt” quarry	Burisch et al. (2017)
ⓘ Amphibolite quarry	Nickel et al. (1985)
Bensheim Hochstädten ⓘ Bangertshöhe	Nickel et al. (1985)
Darmstadt-Dieburg Mühltal Nieder-Beerbach ⓘ Glasberg quarry	Nickel et al. (1985) +1 other reference
Nieder-Ramstadt ⓘ Wingertsberg Quarry	Weiß (1990) +1 other reference
Main-Kinzig-Kreis Biebergemünd Bieber ⓘ "Im Lochborn" Copper mine	Wagner et al. (2002)
Kassel Region Hersfeld-Rotenburg Nentershausen Süß Richelsdorf Smelter ⓘ Ore dumps	Weiß (1990)
Lower Saxony Goslar District Bad Harzburg Radau valley ⓘ Gabbro Quarry	Schnorrer-Köhler (1991)
Braunlage ⓘ Ludwig-Rudolf Mine	Weiß (1990)
St Andreasberg ⓘ Fünf Bücher Mosis mine
Göttingen District Herzberg am Harz Sieber ⓘ Henriette Mine ?	Weiß (1990)
Oder valley ⓘ Engelsburg pond	Weiß (1990)
ⓘ Morgenstern Mine	Schnorrer-Köhler et al. (1986)
ⓘ Neue Fröhlichkeit Mine	Wittern (2001)
North Rhine-Westphalia Arnsberg Siegen-Wittgenstein Kreuztal Ferndorf ⓘ Wildermann Mine	54 +1 other reference
Rhineland-Palatinate Altenkirchen Kirchen (Sieg) Niederfischbach ⓘ Fischbacher Werk Mine	Weiß (1990)
Birkenfeld Birkenfeld Ellweiler ⓘ Bühlskopf U deposit	Aufschluss 69/ (7+8) +1 other reference
Donnersbergkreis Winnweiler Imsbach ⓘ Grüner Löwe Mine
ⓘ Katharina I Mine	Noll (1984)
ⓘ Reich Geschiebe Mine	Noll (1984)
ⓘ Weiße Grube	Wittern (2001)
Winnweiler ⓘ Schweisweiler-Winnweiler U occurrence	Weiß (1990)
Südliche Weinstraße Annweiler am Trifels Waldhambach ⓘ Kuhn Quarry	www.mgas.de (2006)
Saxony-Anhalt Harz Wernigerode Hasserode ⓘ Das Aufgeklärte Glück Mine (Aufgeklärtes Glück Mine)	Wittern (2001)
ⓘ Mansfeld Basin	Wittern (2001)
Saxony Erzgebirgskreis Annaberg-Buchholz Frohnau Schreckenberg ⓘ Markus Röhling Mine
Aue-Bad Schlema ⓘ Alberoda	Förster et al. (2005)
ⓘ Shaft 296 (dump)	P. Andresen collection +1 other reference
ⓘ Shaft 366	Andrew Hodgson Collection
ⓘ Bad Schlema
Niederschlema ⓘ Shaft 309	www.mineralienatlas.de (2011)
ⓘ Shaft 38	Hans-Jürgen Haas collection
ⓘ Shaft 250	P. Andresen collection
Bärenstein Niederschlag ⓘ Straßburger Glück Mine	Martin et al. (1994)
ⓘ St Johannis Mine	Baumann et al. (2000)
Grünhain-Beierfeld Beierfeld ⓘ Gründonnerstag Mine	Baumann et al. (2000)
ⓘ Johanngeorgenstadt	Wittern (2001)
Marienberg Lauta ⓘ Rudolph shaft	Wittern (2001)
ⓘ Vater Abraham Mine
Raschau-Markersbach Langenberg ⓘ Graul	Kleeberg et al. (1992)
Gottes Geschick Vereinigt Feld Mine ⓘ Gottes Geschick Mine	www.dergraul.de (2001)
Schlettau Dörfel ⓘ Engelsburg Mine	Nickerl et al. (2000)
Schneeberg Neustädtel ⓘ Beust Mine (Beust Shaft; Shaft 24)	Massanek et al. (2005)
ⓘ Daniel Mine (St. Daniel Mine) (TL)	A. Breithaupt (1817)
ⓘ Gesellschaft Mine (Gesellschafter Zug Mine)	Massanek et al. (2005)
ⓘ Sauschwart Mine	Massanek et al. (2005)
ⓘ Schindler Mine	Dr. Günter Grundmann collection
Siebenschlehen Mine (Shaft 10) ⓘ Name Jesu adit	Massanek et al. (2005)
ⓘ Weißer Hirsch Mine (shaft 3)	Massanek et al. (2005)
Wolfgangmaßen ⓘ Wolfgangmaßen mines (Wolfgangmaaßen mines)	Massanek et al. (2005)
Schwarzenberg Crandorf ⓘ Shaft 235 (Weißer Hirsch mine)	Gröbner et al. (2006) +1 other reference
Pöhla ⓘ Pöhla-Tellerhäuser Mine	Wittern (2001)
Wolkenstein ⓘ Shaft 137	Neschen (n.d.)
ⓘ St Johannes Mine	Luetcke (n.d.)
Mittelsachsen ⓘ Freiberg	Wittern (2001)
Vogtlandkreis Klingenthal Kielberg ⓘ Maischacht Mine	Dr. Günter Grundmann collection
Limbach ⓘ Reimersgrün Quarry	Tröger (2012)
ⓘ Tirpersdorf	Gröbner et al. (2007) +1 other reference
Zwickau District Hartenstein ⓘ Shaft 371	Neschen (n.d.)
Thuringia ⓘ Ronneburg U deposit	Witzke et al. (1998)
Saalfeld-Rudolstadt District Unterwellenborn ⓘ Kamsdorf	Wittern (2001)
Wartburg District Bad Liebenstein ⓘ Glücksbrunn mine

Greece
Attica East Attica Lavreotiki Agios Konstantinos (Kamariza) ⓘ Kamariza mines (Kamareza mines) ?	Meixner et al. (1982)
Km 3 Km 3 mines ⓘ Km 3 open pit
Plaka Plaka Mines ⓘ Plaka Mine No. 80	Rieck et al. (1999) +1 other reference
ⓘ Sclives Mine	Rieck et al. (2022)

India
Jharkhand East Singhbhum District Jamshedpur (Tatanagar) ⓘ Singhbhum shear zone	Dhana Raju (2019)

Iran
Isfahan Province Nain County Anarak District ⓘ Talmessi Mine	Tarkian et al. (1983) +2 other references
Zanjan Province Mahneshan County Central District ⓘ Bayche-Bagh Mine	Rezazadeh et al. (2020)

Italy
Piedmont Cuneo Province Vinadio Bagni di Vinadio Valley (Corborant Valley) ⓘ Ruà Mine	Raccagni (2018)
Metropolitan City of Turin Bruzolo ⓘ Cruvin mine ?	Respino (1980)
Usseglio ⓘ Punta Corna - Torre di Ovarda Mines	Piccoli et al. (2007) +2 other references
Sardinia ⓘ Sarrabus	De Michele (1974)
South Sardinia Province Arburese ⓘ Southern Arburese ore deposits	doi.org (n.d.) +2 other references
ⓘ Arbus	Moroni et al. (2019)
ⓘ Nieddoris Mine	Dessau (1936) +2 other references
Domusnovas ⓘ Perda Niedda Mine	Stara et al. (1996)
Fluminimaggiore ⓘ Perda S'Oliu Mine	Stara et al. (1996)
ⓘ Sa Menga Mine	doi.org (n.d.) +3 other references
Gonnosfanadiga ⓘ Canale Malu (Canali Malu; Genna Spina)	Stara et al. (1996)
ⓘ Fenugu Sibiri Mine	. +1 other reference
ⓘ Pira Inferida	doi.org (n.d.) +3 other references
ⓘ Genna S'Olioni
ⓘ Nuraxi De Togoro Prospect	Stara et al. (1996)
ⓘ Prameri	Stara et al. (1996)
ⓘ S'Acqua is Prunas Mine (Acqua is Prunas Mine)	- (n.d.) +3 other references
Muravera ⓘ Bacu Arrodas Mine (Baccu Arrodas Mine; Bacu Arrodas-S'Arrexini Mine)	Piepoli (1933) +1 other reference
San Vito ⓘ Giovanni Bonu Mine	Piepoli (1933) +1 other reference
ⓘ Masaloni Mine	Piepoli (1933) +1 other reference
ⓘ Monte Narba Mine	Piepoli (1933) +1 other reference
Tuscany Livorno Province Capoliveri ⓘ Ginevro Mine	Senesi et al. (2025)

Japan
Iwate Prefecture Kamaishi City ⓘ Kamaishi mine
ⓘ Nippo deposit (Rasa Omine mine)	Yamaoka (1982)
Kuji City ⓘ Ohkawame mine (Okawame mine)	D Ishiyama (2000)
Yamaguchi Prefecture Mine City Naganobori Mine ⓘ Eboshi Deposit	Nagashima et al. (2021)

Kazakhstan
Abai Region Ayagoz District Aqtoghay ⓘ Aktogay mine	KAZ Minerals

Mexico
Chihuahua Ascención Municipality Sabinal ⓘ Adventurera Mine	Panczner (1987)
Batopilas Municipality Andrés del Rio mining district ⓘ Batopilas	Wilson et al. (1986)

Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet Region ⓘ Bou Azzer mining district	Econ Geol (1997)
Midelt Province Midelt Cercle Aït Oufella Caïdat Mibladen ⓘ Chebka Sidi Said	Zaid et al. (2025)
Ouarzazate Province Amerzgane Cercle Ouisselsate Caïdat ⓘ Bou Azzer Mine	ONA
Méchoui ⓘ Méchoui deposit	Favreau et al. (2006)
Zagora Province Agdz Cercle Tansifte Caïdat Aït Ahmane ⓘ Vein No. 52	Favreau et al. (2006)
ⓘ Vein No. 53	Favreau et al. (2006)
ⓘ Bouismas Mine	Praszkier (2010) +1 other reference
Oumlil ⓘ Oumlil Mine (incl. Oumlil East Mine)	Karel Bal Collection
Tamdrost ⓘ Tamdrost Mine	Favreau et al. (2006) +1 other reference

Norway
Buskerud ⓘ Kongsberg silver mining district	Neumann (1944)
Modum Modum West ⓘ Skuterud Mines	Grorud (1997)

Pacific Ocean
East Pacific Rise Juan de Fuca Ridge complex Gorda Ridge Southern Gorda Ridge ⓘ Escanaba Trough	Eos Trans. AGU (48) +1 other reference

Poland
Lower Silesian Voivodeship Kamienna Góra County Gmina Marciszów ⓘ Ciechanowice	Mederski et al. (2020)
ⓘ Ciechanowice field	Mochnacka et al. (2012)
ⓘ Friederike Juliane mine	Siuda (2012)
ⓘ Karkonosze County	Mochnacka et al. (2012)
Gmina Stara Kamienica ⓘ Stara Kamienica schist belt	Mochnacka et al. (2015)
ⓘ Kowary	Mochnacka et al. (2015)
ⓘ Wolność mine	Ramdohr (1950)
ⓘ Lubin–Głogów mining district	Piestrzyński et al. (2012)
ⓘ Lubin County	Kucha (1982)
Lubin ⓘ Lubin S28 borehole	Lis et al. (1986)
Lwówek Śląski County ⓘ Gmina Mirsk	Małek et al. (2019)
ⓘ Gierczyn	Lis et al. (1986)
ⓘ Przecznica	Foltyn et al. (2023)
Polkowice County Gmina Polkowice Polkowice ⓘ RZ shaft (Rudna mine)	KGHM Polska Miedź

Portugal
Aveiro Albergaria-a-Velha Branca ⓘ Palhal Mine	Alves (n.d.)
Setúbal Grândola Azinheira dos Barros ⓘ Lousal Mine	Matos +1 other reference

Romania
Maramureș County Târgu Lăpuș ⓘ Răzoare	Hirtopanu et al. (2015) +1 other reference
Mehedinti County Dubova ⓘ Eibenthal	Minerals of Carpathians

Russia
Buryatia Severo-Baykalsky District Dovyren Highlands ⓘ Yoko-Dovyrensky Massif	Galuskin (2007)
Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Bilibinsky District ⓘ Kekura (Kekurnoe) deposit	Nagornaya et al. (2020) +1 other reference
Irkutsk Oblast Bodaybinsky District Bodaibo Lena Gold District Kropotkinsky ore cluster ⓘ Sukhoi Log deposit	www.igem.ru (2001) +1 other reference
Kamchatka Krai Koryak Okrug Olyutorsky district Korf ⓘ Gal'moenan ultrabasic massif	Kozlov et al. (2011)
Ust-Bolsheretsky District Dukuk Complex (Dukuk Massif) ⓘ Kvinum-1 occurrence	Tararin et al. (2007)
ⓘ Kvinum-2 occurrence	Tararin et al. (2007)
Krasnoyarsk Krai Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug Taimyr Peninsula ⓘ Norilsk-Talnakh Mining Region	Gritsenko et al. (2008)
Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit ⓘ Oktyabrsky Mine	Gritsenko et al. (2005) +1 other reference
Murmansk Oblast ⓘ Eveslogchorr Mt	Men'shikov (2006)
ⓘ Vein No. 3	Men'shikov (2006)
ⓘ Kukisvumchorr Mt	Pekov et al. (2004)
Lovozersky District Karnasurt Mountain ⓘ Yubileinaya pegmatite	Pekov (2000)
Orenburg Oblast Gaysky District ⓘ Ishkinino Co-Cu deposit	Zaikov et al. (2006)
Primorsky Krai Dalnegorsk Urban District ⓘ Dalnegorsk	Grant et al. (2001)
Republic of Karelia Pitkyarantsky District Pitkyaranta mining district Herberz ⓘ Gerberts No. 1 mine	Ivashchenko et al. (2011, September)
Tuva Chedi-Kholsky District ⓘ Khovu-Aksy Ni-Co deposit	USGS Open File Report 2005-1252 p173ff +3 other references
Dzun-Khemchiksky District ⓘ Ulatai deposit
Ovyursky District ⓘ Ulatayskoe Ag-Cu-Co occurrence	Sejkora et al. (2021)
Sangilen Upland ⓘ Korgeredaba alkaline massif	Kapustin et al. (1965)
Yustid ore cluster Munguntaiga ore zone ⓘ Askhatin-Gol Ag-Sb-Co-Ni deposit	Pavlova et al. (2009)
Zabaykalsky Krai Nerchinsky District Adun-Cholon Range ⓘ Sherlova Gora	Kasatkin et al. (2014)

Slovakia
Banská Bystrica Region Banská Štiavnica District ⓘ Banská Štiavnica	Smithsonian Institution USNM ...
Brezno District ⓘ Jasenie	Koděra et al. (1986)
Košice Region Rožňava District Dobšiná Dobšiná mining district ⓘ Zemberg-Terézia vein system	Martin Števko-unpublished
ⓘ Dionýz mine	Martin Števko-unpublished +1 other reference

South Africa
Limpopo Sekhukhune District Municipality Elias Motsoaledi Local Municipality Farm Kruisrivier 74 JS ⓘ Kruisrivier cobalt mine	Reeks (1996)
Mpumalanga Ehlanzeni District Municipality Mbombela Local Municipality ⓘ Barberton	Cairncross et al. (1995)
North West Bojanala Platinum District Municipality Rustenburg Local Municipality Rustenburg ⓘ Waaikraal gold deposit	Verryn et al. (1991)
ⓘ Witwatersrand goldfield	Cairncross et al. (1995)

Spain
Andalusia Córdoba ⓘ Pozoblanco	Dr. Günter Grundmann collection
Villanueva de Córdoba ⓘ Espuela de San Miguel Mine	Schnorrer (2000)
Aragon Huesca San Juan de Plan ⓘ San Carlos mine	Fanlo et al. (2004) +1 other reference
Asturias Riosa ⓘ Teresita Mine	A. Paniagua et al.
Catalonia Lleida Aran (Val d'Aran; Aran Valley) Naut Aran ⓘ Reparadora mines	Mata i Perelló (1990)
Pallars Jussà La Vall Fosca La Torre de Cabdella Castell-estaó ⓘ Eureka mine	Castillo-Oliver et al. (2019)
Extremadura Badajoz ⓘ Burguillos del Cerro
ⓘ Monchi Mine	Sanabria et al. (2002)

Sweden
Jämtland County Östersund ⓘ Brunflo meteorite	Nyström et al. (1991)
Norrbotten County Älvsbyn ⓘ Laver Mine	Ödman (1945)
Örebro County Askersund Zinkgruvan ⓘ Zinkgruvan mine	Andersen (2009) +1 other reference
Knalla Mine ⓘ Burkland Cu deposit	Andersen (2009)
Södermanland County Nyköping Tunaberg ⓘ Tunaberg Cu-Co Ore Field	Dobbe et al. (1994)
Värmland County Filipstad Gåsborn ⓘ Gåsborn Mines
Nordmark mining district Finnshytteberg ore field ⓘ Nord mine
ⓘ Nordmark Odal Field	Gatedal (n.d.)
ⓘ Kogruvan	Magnusson (1929)
Västerbotten County Malå ⓘ Lainijaur Mine (Lainejaur)
ⓘ Lindsköld Mine (Adak-Lindsköld)	Gavelin (1945)
Skellefteå Boliden ⓘ Boliden Mine

Switzerland
Aargau Rheinfelden ⓘ Mumpf	Beda Hofmann (1986)
Valais Leuk Turtmann-Unterems Turtmann Valley Blüomatttälli ⓘ Kaltenberg Mine	Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference
Sierre Anniviers Ayer ⓘ Grand-Praz Mine	Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference
ⓘ Plantorin Mine (L'Omen Roso Mine)	Ansermet (2012)
Saint-Luc ⓘ Lower Collioux Mine	Ansermet (2012)

Tajikistan
Sughd Mastchoh District ⓘ Kanjol Ag-Pb-Zn-Cu deposit	Turlychkin et al. (1972)

UK
England Cornwall Redruth ⓘ Wheal Sparnon
St Stephen-in-Brannel Downderry ⓘ St Austell Consols (incl. Wheal Hawkins)	39-40 +1 other reference
Cumbria Eden Alston Moor Garrigill ⓘ Tynebottom Mine	Ixer et al. (1987) +1 other reference
South Lakeland Coniston ⓘ Coniston Copper Mines	Day (1999)
Scotland Clackmannanshire Alva Silver Glen ⓘ ~~Alva Silver Mine~~	Livingstone et al. (1983)

USA
Alaska Southeast Fairbanks Census Area Delta River Mining District ⓘ Unnamed Occurrences (ARDF - MH167; east side of North Fork Rainy Creek)	- (2008)
California Fresno County Kaiser Wilderness area ⓘ Unnamed Skarn occurrence [1]	Erd et al. (1988)
Riverside County Jurupa Valley Crestmore ⓘ Crestmore quarries	[micromounts@yahoogroups.com]
Colorado Gunnison County Elk Mountain Mining District (Snowmass Mountain Mining District) ⓘ American Eagle; Luona Occurrence	Eckel et al. (1997)
Connecticut Middlesex County East Hampton Cobalt ⓘ Great Hill cobalt mines ?	Januzzi et al. (1976)
Idaho Lemhi County ⓘ Blackbird Mining District	Ream (2004)
Blackbird mine complex ⓘ Blackbird Mine	Rocks & Minerals 73:400-402
ⓘ Calera Mine	- (2005)
ⓘ Chicago Mine	- (2005)
ⓘ New Hawkeye Prospect	- (2005)
ⓘ Northfield Prospect (Stevenson Prospect)	- (2005)
ⓘ Calus Mine	Ream (1995)
ⓘ Jervois Idaho Cobalt Operations Mine	M. Sletten et al. (M3-PN190348)
Maine Hancock County Blue Hill - Castine Mining District Brooksville ⓘ Cape Rosier Mine (Callahan Mine; Rosier Consolidated Mine)	King et al. (1994)
Michigan Houghton County Calumet Township Wolverine Wolverine Mine ⓘ Wolverine No. 2 shaft	Buchholz et al. (2010)
Minnesota Saint Louis County ⓘ Wet Legs deposit	Raič et al. (2015)
Nevada Churchill County Cottonwood Canyon Bolivia ⓘ Lovelock Mine	Castor et al. (2004)
Clark County Spring Mountains Goodsprings Mining District ⓘ Blue Jay Mine	Castor et al. (2004)
Goodsprings ⓘ Columbia 23 Mine (Columbia Mine; Josephine claim)	Castor et al. (2004)
New Hampshire Grafton County Grafton ⓘ ~~Ruggles Mine~~	Morrill (1960) +1 other reference
New Jersey Hudson County Secaucus ⓘ Laurel Hill	Minerals of Laurel Hill et al. (published privately)
Sussex County Franklin Franklin Mine ⓘ Trotter Mine	Oen et al. (1984) +1 other reference
New Mexico Grant County Big Burro Mountains Black Hawk Mining District ⓘ Twin Peaks	[Rocks & Minerals Vol 68 March/April ...
ⓘ Black Hawk Mine	[Rocks & Minerals Vol 68 March/April ...
Oregon Grant County Quartzburg Mining District (Comer Mining District) Prairie City Dixie Meadows flat ⓘ Standard Mine (Smuggler; Juniper; Grover Cleveland)	Rocks & Minerals (1927)
Pennsylvania Berks County Birdsboro Gibraltar ⓘ Dyer Quarry	Smith et al. (1978)
Hereford Township Huffs Church ⓘ Olafsen Iron Mine ?	The Mineralogy of Pennsylvania 1966-1975 +3 other references
York County Frogtown ⓘ Reeser's Summit	Pennsylvania Geology (1)
Wisconsin ⓘ Lafayette County	Rocks & Min. Vol. 73 (1998)
Benton ⓘ Martin Mine ?	Heyl et al. (1959)
ⓘ Calamine-Truman-Darlington area	Cordua (1998)

Safflorite

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