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Malkansu Mn metallogenic zone, Kezilesu Autonomous Prefecture (Kizilsu Autonomous Prefecture; Qizilsu Autonomous Prefecture), Xinjiang, Chinai
Regional Level Types
Malkansu Mn metallogenic zoneMining Region
Kezilesu Autonomous Prefecture (Kizilsu Autonomous Prefecture; Qizilsu Autonomous Prefecture)Prefecture
XinjiangAutonomous Region
ChinaCountry

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PhotosSearchMineralogy
Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
39° North , 73° East (est.)
Estimate based on other nearby localities or region boundaries.
Margin of Error:
~16km
GRN:
N27E41
Type:
Mining Region
Kรถppen climate type:
ET : Tundra
Mindat Locality ID:
443086
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:443086:8
GUID (UUID V4):
0


From west to east, the Malkansu Mn metallogenic zone is about 60 km in length and encompasses three large-scale Mn deposits (Ortokarnash, Muhu, and Malkantu) and a few prospects (e.g., Susalbrak and Mobei). The total proven Mn ore reserves of the Malkansu Mn metallogenic zone exceed 50 million tons. Manganese ore layers in the western part (e.g., Ortokarnash) strike west to east and dip steeply to the north (> 70ยฐ dip angle), extending laterally for more than 5 km with a cumulative thickness of โˆผ7 m. Manganese ore layers in the eastern part (i.e., Muhu and Malkantu) dip between 40ยฐ and 70ยฐ to the south, discontinuously extend more than 3 km from west to east, and have a cumulative average thickness of โˆผ6 m.

The alteration types of the surrounding rocks in the MMOB primarily include carbonation, silicification, gypsumization, chloritization, and sericitization. The primary manganese ore mineral is identified as rhodochrosite, followed by psilomelane, manganese sulfate, and a small amount of pyrite. The manganese-bearing rock series is distributed along the late Paleozoic rift basin of Malkansu, with exposed strata primarily consisting of Lower Carboniferous volcanic rocks, Upper Carboniferous sedimentary rocks, Lower Permian volcanicโ€“sedimentary rocks, and metamorphic rocks from the ancient Precambrian The Upper Carboniferous Kalaatehe Formation (C2k) serves as the primary manganese-bearing horizon, where manganese mineralization occurs in carbonaceous muddy limestone interbedded with thin-bedded limestone. The Lower Permian Maerkanquekusaishan Formation (P1m) also contributes, primarily composed of altered basalt and marble.
The Malkansu Mn metallogenic belt is located at the junction of the Tarim Block and the West Kunlun orogenic belt at the northeastern edge of the Pamirs. A giant Mn deposit (Ortokarnsh), two medium Mn deposits (Muhu and Malkantu), and several smaller zones of Mn mineralization have been found in the Malkansu Mn metallogenic belt. The Mn metallogenic belt preserves the Lower Carboniferous to Upper Permian strata and is controlled by the main west-to east-trending Malkansu compound anticline and a series of west-to east-trending regional faults. During the late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic, the Paleo-Tethys Ocean began to subduct beneath the southern margin of the Tarim Plate and formed a back-arc basin in the Malkansu region. A series of platform facies including conglomerate limestone, sandy limestone, and organic-rich marlstone were deposited in this basin.

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Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.


Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

47 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded


Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

โ“˜ Alabandite
Formula: MnS
โ“˜ Albite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
โ“˜ Anatase
Formula: TiO2
โ“˜ 'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3A
โ“˜ Bementite
Formula: Mn7Si6O15(OH)8
โ“˜ 'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
โ“˜ Borax
Formula: Na2(B4O5)(OH)4 · 8H2O
โ“˜ Braunite
Formula: Mn2+Mn3+6(SiO4)O8
โ“˜ Brookite
Formula: TiO2
โ“˜ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
โ“˜ Calcite var. Manganese-bearing Calcite
Formula: (Ca,Mn)CO3
โ“˜ Celadonite
Formula: K(MgFe3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2
โ“˜ Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
โ“˜ 'Chlorite Group'
References:
Yongbao, Gao; Jiaxin, Teng; Wenyuan, Li; Denghui, Chen; Qinglin, Sui; Delong, Jing; Yongkang, He; Jianke, Bai (2018) Geology, geochemistry and ore genesis of the Aoertuokanashi manganese deposit, western Kunlun, Xinjiang, Northwest China. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 34 (8). 2341-2358
Zhang, Bang-Lu, Lv, Zhi-Cheng, Dong, Zhi-Guo, Zhang, Xin, Yu, Xiao-Fei, Li, Yong-Sheng, Zhen, Shi-Min, Wang, Chang-Le (2022) Source Characteristics of the Carboniferous Ortokarnash Manganese Deposit in the Western Kunlun Mountains. Minerals, 12 (7) 786 doi:10.3390/min12070786
Gao, Yongbao, Bagas, Leon, Liu, Yuegao, Li, Wenyuan, Hattori, Keiko, Papineau, Dominic, Jing, Delong, Chen, Denghui, Teng, Jiaxin, He, Yongkang, Zhao, Min, Zhang, Long, Zhao, Zhe (2024) Discovery of Late Carboniferous high-grade carbonate-hosted manganese mineralization in the Maerkansu area of the Western Kunlun Orogen, Northwest China. Gondwana Research, 133. 129-147 doi:10.1016/j.gr.2024.06.006
Zhang, Bang-Lu; Jia, Ru-Ya; Xue, Jian-Ling; Lv, Zhi-Cheng (2025) Origin and metal source of the Carboniferous Ortokarnash manganese deposit in the Western Kunlun Orogen, Northwest China. Ore Geology Reviews, 186. 106845 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106845
โ“˜ 'Clay minerals'
โ“˜ Dolomite
Formula: CaMg(CO3)2
โ“˜ 'Feldspar Group'
โ“˜ Ferrihydrite
Formula: Fe3+10O14(OH)2
โ“˜ Friedelite
Formula: Mn2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10
References:
Yongbao, Gao; Jiaxin, Teng; Wenyuan, Li; Denghui, Chen; Qinglin, Sui; Delong, Jing; Yongkang, He; Jianke, Bai (2018) Geology, geochemistry and ore genesis of the Aoertuokanashi manganese deposit, western Kunlun, Xinjiang, Northwest China. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 34 (8). 2341-2358
Zhang, Bang-Lu, Lv, Zhi-Cheng, Dong, Zhi-Guo, Zhang, Xin, Yu, Xiao-Fei, Li, Yong-Sheng, Zhen, Shi-Min, Wang, Chang-Le (2022) Source Characteristics of the Carboniferous Ortokarnash Manganese Deposit in the Western Kunlun Mountains. Minerals, 12 (7) 786 doi:10.3390/min12070786
Zhang, Bang-Lu; Jia, Ru-Ya; Xue, Jian-Ling; Lv, Zhi-Cheng (2025) Origin and metal source of the Carboniferous Ortokarnash manganese deposit in the Western Kunlun Orogen, Northwest China. Ore Geology Reviews, 186. 106845 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106845
โ“˜ Galena
Formula: PbS
โ“˜ Geigerite
Formula: Mn2+5(AsO4)2(HAsO4)2 · 10H2O
โ“˜ Goethite
Formula: Fe3+O(OH)
โ“˜ Graphite
Formula: C
โ“˜ Gypsum
Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O
โ“˜ Hematite
Formula: Fe2O3
โ“˜ Jacobsite
Formula: Mn2+Fe3+2O4
โ“˜ Johannite
Formula: Cu(UO2)2(SO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O
โ“˜ 'K Feldspar'
โ“˜ Kutnohorite
Formula: CaMn2+(CO3)2
โ“˜ 'Limonite'
โ“˜ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
โ“˜ 'Manganese Oxides'
โ“˜ Manganite
Formula: Mn3+O(OH)
โ“˜ Manjiroite
Formula: Na(Mn4+7Mn3+)O16
โ“˜ 'Micrite'
โ“˜ 'Monazite Group'
Formula: REE(PO4)
โ“˜ Montmorillonite
Formula: (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
โ“˜ Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
โ“˜ Opal
Formula: SiO2 · nH2O
โ“˜ 'Petroleum'
โ“˜ 'Petroleum var. Bitumen'
โ“˜ 'Plagioclase'
Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
โ“˜ 'Psilomelane'
โ“˜ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
โ“˜ Pyrolusite
Formula: Mn4+O2
โ“˜ Pyrophanite
Formula: Mn2+TiO3
โ“˜ Pyrophyllite
Formula: Al2Si4O10(OH)2
โ“˜ 'Pyroxene Group'
Formula: ADSi2O6
โ“˜ Pyroxmangite
Formula: Mn2+SiO3
โ“˜ Pyrrhotite
Formula: Fe1-xS
โ“˜ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
โ“˜ Quartz var. Chalcedony
Formula: SiO2
โ“˜ Rambergite
Formula: MnS
โ“˜ Rhodochrosite
Formula: MnCO3
โ“˜ Rhodonite
Formula: CaMn3Mn[Si5O15]
โ“˜ Romanรจchite
Formula: (Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10
โ“˜ Rutile
Formula: TiO2
โ“˜ Serandite
Formula: NaMn2+2Si3O8(OH)
โ“˜ Siderite
Formula: FeCO3
โ“˜ Sphalerite
Formula: ZnS
โ“˜ Sussexite
Formula: Mn2+BO2(OH)
โ“˜ Talc
Formula: Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
โ“˜ Todorokite
Formula: (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
โ“˜ 'Wad'
โ“˜ Zircon
Formula: Zr(SiO4)

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
โ“˜Graphite1.CB.05aC
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
โ“˜Sphalerite2.CB.05aZnS
โ“˜Chalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
โ“˜Rambergite2.CB.45MnS
โ“˜Pyrrhotite2.CC.10Fe1-xS
โ“˜Alabandite2.CD.10MnS
โ“˜Galena2.CD.10PbS
โ“˜Pyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
โ“˜Goethite4.00.Fe3+O(OH)
โ“˜Jacobsite4.BB.05Mn2+Fe3+2O4
โ“˜Magnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
โ“˜Hematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
โ“˜Pyrophanite4.CB.05Mn2+TiO3
โ“˜Quartz
var. Chalcedony		4.DA.05SiO2
โ“˜4.DA.05SiO2
โ“˜Opal4.DA.10SiO2 ยท nH2O
โ“˜Pyrolusite4.DB.05Mn4+O2
โ“˜Rutile4.DB.05TiO2
โ“˜Anatase4.DD.05TiO2
โ“˜Brookite4.DD.10TiO2
โ“˜Manjiroite4.DK.05aNa(Mn4+7Mn3+)O16
โ“˜Romanรจchite4.DK.10(Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10
โ“˜Todorokite4.DK.10(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 ยท 3-4H2O
โ“˜Manganite4.FD.15Mn3+O(OH)
โ“˜Ferrihydrite4.FE.35Fe3+10O14(OH)2
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
โ“˜Calcite5.AB.05CaCO3
โ“˜var. Manganese-bearing Calcite5.AB.05(Ca,Mn)CO3
โ“˜Rhodochrosite5.AB.05MnCO3
โ“˜Siderite5.AB.05FeCO3
โ“˜Dolomite5.AB.10CaMg(CO3)2
โ“˜Kutnohorite5.AB.10CaMn2+(CO3)2
Group 6 - Borates
โ“˜Sussexite6.BA.15Mn2+BO2(OH)
โ“˜Borax6.DA.10Na2(B4O5)(OH)4 ยท 8H2O
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
โ“˜Gypsum7.CD.40CaSO4 ยท 2H2O
โ“˜Johannite7.EB.05Cu(UO2)2(SO4)2(OH)2 ยท 8H2O
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
โ“˜Geigerite8.CE.05Mn2+5(AsO4)2(HAsO4)2 ยท 10H2O
Group 9 - Silicates
โ“˜Zircon9.AD.30Zr(SiO4)
โ“˜Braunite9.AG.05Mn2+Mn3+6(SiO4)O8
โ“˜Serandite9.DG.05NaMn2+2Si3O8(OH)
โ“˜Rhodonite9.DK.05CaMn3Mn[Si5O15]
โ“˜Pyroxmangite9.DO.05Mn2+SiO3
โ“˜Talc9.EC.05Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
โ“˜Pyrophyllite9.EC.10Al2Si4O10(OH)2
โ“˜Celadonite9.EC.15K(MgFe3+โ—ป)(Si4O10)(OH)2
โ“˜Muscovite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
โ“˜Montmorillonite9.EC.40(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 ยท nH2O
โ“˜Bementite9.EE.05Mn7Si6O15(OH)8
โ“˜Friedelite9.EE.10Mn2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10
โ“˜Albite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
Unclassified
โ“˜'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
โ“˜'Chlorite Group'-
โ“˜'Clay minerals'-
โ“˜'Feldspar Group'-
โ“˜'Limonite'-
โ“˜'Monazite Group'-REE(PO4)
โ“˜'Psilomelane'-
โ“˜'Wad'-
โ“˜'Plagioclase'-(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
โ“˜'Petroleum
var. Bitumen'		-
โ“˜''-
โ“˜'K Feldspar'-
โ“˜'Pyroxene Group'-ADSi2O6
โ“˜'Manganese Oxides'-
โ“˜'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3A
โ“˜'Micrite'-

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hโ“˜ BementiteMn7Si6O15(OH)8
Hโ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Hโ“˜ BoraxNa2(B4O5)(OH)4 · 8H2O
Hโ“˜ CeladoniteK(MgFe3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2
Hโ“˜ FerrihydriteFe103+O14(OH)2
Hโ“˜ FriedeliteMn82+Si6O15(OH,Cl)10
Hโ“˜ GeigeriteMn52+(AsO4)2(HAsO4)2 · 10H2O
Hโ“˜ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Hโ“˜ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Hโ“˜ JohanniteCu(UO2)2(SO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O
Hโ“˜ ManganiteMn3+O(OH)
Hโ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hโ“˜ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Hโ“˜ OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Hโ“˜ PyrophylliteAl2Si4O10(OH)2
Hโ“˜ Romanรจchite(Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10
Hโ“˜ SeranditeNaMn22+Si3O8(OH)
Hโ“˜ SussexiteMn2+BO2(OH)
Hโ“˜ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Hโ“˜ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
BBoron
Bโ“˜ BoraxNa2(B4O5)(OH)4 · 8H2O
Bโ“˜ SussexiteMn2+BO2(OH)
CCarbon
Cโ“˜ CalciteCaCO3
Cโ“˜ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Cโ“˜ GraphiteC
Cโ“˜ KutnohoriteCaMn2+(CO3)2
Cโ“˜ Calcite var. Manganese-bearing Calcite(Ca,Mn)CO3
Cโ“˜ RhodochrositeMnCO3
Cโ“˜ SideriteFeCO3
OOxygen
Oโ“˜ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Oโ“˜ AnataseTiO2
Oโ“˜ BementiteMn7Si6O15(OH)8
Oโ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Oโ“˜ BoraxNa2(B4O5)(OH)4 · 8H2O
Oโ“˜ BrauniteMn2+Mn63+(SiO4)O8
Oโ“˜ BrookiteTiO2
Oโ“˜ CalciteCaCO3
Oโ“˜ CeladoniteK(MgFe3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2
Oโ“˜ Quartz var. ChalcedonySiO2
Oโ“˜ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Oโ“˜ FerrihydriteFe103+O14(OH)2
Oโ“˜ FriedeliteMn82+Si6O15(OH,Cl)10
Oโ“˜ GeigeriteMn52+(AsO4)2(HAsO4)2 · 10H2O
Oโ“˜ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Oโ“˜ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Oโ“˜ HematiteFe2O3
Oโ“˜ JacobsiteMn2+Fe23+O4
Oโ“˜ JohanniteCu(UO2)2(SO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O
Oโ“˜ KutnohoriteCaMn2+(CO3)2
Oโ“˜ ManganiteMn3+O(OH)
Oโ“˜ Calcite var. Manganese-bearing Calcite(Ca,Mn)CO3
Oโ“˜ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oโ“˜ ManjiroiteNa(Mn74+Mn3+)O16
Oโ“˜ Monazite GroupREE(PO4)
Oโ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oโ“˜ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Oโ“˜ OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Oโ“˜ PyrolusiteMn4+O2
Oโ“˜ PyrophaniteMn2+TiO3
Oโ“˜ PyrophylliteAl2Si4O10(OH)2
Oโ“˜ PyroxmangiteMn2+SiO3
Oโ“˜ QuartzSiO2
Oโ“˜ RhodochrositeMnCO3
Oโ“˜ RhodoniteCaMn3Mn[Si5O15]
Oโ“˜ Romanรจchite(Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10
Oโ“˜ RutileTiO2
Oโ“˜ SeranditeNaMn22+Si3O8(OH)
Oโ“˜ SideriteFeCO3
Oโ“˜ SussexiteMn2+BO2(OH)
Oโ“˜ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Oโ“˜ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
Oโ“˜ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Oโ“˜ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Oโ“˜ Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
Oโ“˜ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3A
FFluorine
Fโ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
NaSodium
Naโ“˜ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Naโ“˜ BoraxNa2(B4O5)(OH)4 · 8H2O
Naโ“˜ ManjiroiteNa(Mn74+Mn3+)O16
Naโ“˜ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Naโ“˜ SeranditeNaMn22+Si3O8(OH)
Naโ“˜ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
Naโ“˜ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
MgMagnesium
Mgโ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Mgโ“˜ CeladoniteK(MgFe3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2
Mgโ“˜ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Mgโ“˜ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Mgโ“˜ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Mgโ“˜ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
AlAluminium
Alโ“˜ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Alโ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Alโ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alโ“˜ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Alโ“˜ PyrophylliteAl2Si4O10(OH)2
Alโ“˜ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
Alโ“˜ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
SiSilicon
Siโ“˜ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Siโ“˜ BementiteMn7Si6O15(OH)8
Siโ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Siโ“˜ BrauniteMn2+Mn63+(SiO4)O8
Siโ“˜ CeladoniteK(MgFe3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2
Siโ“˜ Quartz var. ChalcedonySiO2
Siโ“˜ FriedeliteMn82+Si6O15(OH,Cl)10
Siโ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siโ“˜ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Siโ“˜ OpalSiO2 · nH2O
Siโ“˜ PyrophylliteAl2Si4O10(OH)2
Siโ“˜ PyroxmangiteMn2+SiO3
Siโ“˜ QuartzSiO2
Siโ“˜ RhodoniteCaMn3Mn[Si5O15]
Siโ“˜ SeranditeNaMn22+Si3O8(OH)
Siโ“˜ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Siโ“˜ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Siโ“˜ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Siโ“˜ Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
PPhosphorus
Pโ“˜ Monazite GroupREE(PO4)
Pโ“˜ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3A
SSulfur
Sโ“˜ AlabanditeMnS
Sโ“˜ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Sโ“˜ GalenaPbS
Sโ“˜ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Sโ“˜ JohanniteCu(UO2)2(SO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O
Sโ“˜ PyriteFeS2
Sโ“˜ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Sโ“˜ SphaleriteZnS
Sโ“˜ RambergiteMnS
ClChlorine
Clโ“˜ FriedeliteMn82+Si6O15(OH,Cl)10
KPotassium
Kโ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Kโ“˜ CeladoniteK(MgFe3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2
Kโ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kโ“˜ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
CaCalcium
Caโ“˜ CalciteCaCO3
Caโ“˜ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Caโ“˜ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Caโ“˜ KutnohoriteCaMn2+(CO3)2
Caโ“˜ Calcite var. Manganese-bearing Calcite(Ca,Mn)CO3
Caโ“˜ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Caโ“˜ RhodoniteCaMn3Mn[Si5O15]
Caโ“˜ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
Caโ“˜ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Caโ“˜ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3A
TiTitanium
Tiโ“˜ AnataseTiO2
Tiโ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Tiโ“˜ BrookiteTiO2
Tiโ“˜ PyrophaniteMn2+TiO3
Tiโ“˜ RutileTiO2
MnManganese
Mnโ“˜ AlabanditeMnS
Mnโ“˜ BementiteMn7Si6O15(OH)8
Mnโ“˜ BrauniteMn2+Mn63+(SiO4)O8
Mnโ“˜ FriedeliteMn82+Si6O15(OH,Cl)10
Mnโ“˜ GeigeriteMn52+(AsO4)2(HAsO4)2 · 10H2O
Mnโ“˜ JacobsiteMn2+Fe23+O4
Mnโ“˜ KutnohoriteCaMn2+(CO3)2
Mnโ“˜ ManganiteMn3+O(OH)
Mnโ“˜ Calcite var. Manganese-bearing Calcite(Ca,Mn)CO3
Mnโ“˜ ManjiroiteNa(Mn74+Mn3+)O16
Mnโ“˜ PyrolusiteMn4+O2
Mnโ“˜ PyrophaniteMn2+TiO3
Mnโ“˜ PyroxmangiteMn2+SiO3
Mnโ“˜ RhodochrositeMnCO3
Mnโ“˜ RhodoniteCaMn3Mn[Si5O15]
Mnโ“˜ Romanรจchite(Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10
Mnโ“˜ SeranditeNaMn22+Si3O8(OH)
Mnโ“˜ SussexiteMn2+BO2(OH)
Mnโ“˜ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
Mnโ“˜ RambergiteMnS
FeIron
Feโ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Feโ“˜ CeladoniteK(MgFe3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2
Feโ“˜ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Feโ“˜ FerrihydriteFe103+O14(OH)2
Feโ“˜ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Feโ“˜ HematiteFe2O3
Feโ“˜ JacobsiteMn2+Fe23+O4
Feโ“˜ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feโ“˜ PyriteFeS2
Feโ“˜ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Feโ“˜ SideriteFeCO3
CuCopper
Cuโ“˜ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Cuโ“˜ JohanniteCu(UO2)2(SO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O
ZnZinc
Znโ“˜ SphaleriteZnS
AsArsenic
Asโ“˜ GeigeriteMn52+(AsO4)2(HAsO4)2 · 10H2O
SrStrontium
Srโ“˜ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
ZrZirconium
Zrโ“˜ ZirconZr(SiO4)
BaBarium
Baโ“˜ Romanรจchite(Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10
Baโ“˜ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
PbLead
Pbโ“˜ GalenaPbS
UUranium
Uโ“˜ JohanniteCu(UO2)2(SO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O

Localities in this Region

China
China

Other Regions, Features and Areas that Intersect

AsiaContinent
China
Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

[1]Zhao, Jiahua, He, Li, Gong, Jiansheng, He, Zhengwei, Feng, Ziwen, Pang, Jintai, Zeng, Wanting, Yan, Yujun, Yuan, Yan (2025) Predicting Manganese Mineralization Using Multi-Source Remote Sensing and Machine Learning: A Case Study from the Malkansu Manganese Belt, Western Kunlun. Minerals, 15 (2). doi:10.3390/min15020113
[1]Zhao, Ling-Nan; Huang, Qin; Pi, Dao-Hui; Zhang, Yi; Ding, Da-Qing; Ahmet, Sasmaz (2025) Microbially-mediated supergene dissolution and oxidization of solid manganese carbonate in the Malkantu manganese ore deposit in West Kunlun, Northwest China. Ore Geology Reviews, 186. 106855 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106855
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