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Skuterud Mines, Modum West, Modum, Buskerud, Norwayi
Regional Level Types
Skuterud MinesGroup of Mines (Tourist Attraction)
Modum WestMining District
ModumMunicipality
BuskerudCounty
NorwayCountry

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06369340017272004822085.jpg
Scheidehuset and the dumps of Mellomgruvene

Skuterud Mines, Modum West, Modum, Buskerud, Norway
Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
59° 58' 48'' North , 9° 51' 10'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Type:
Group of Mines (Tourist Attraction) - last checked 2023
Köppen climate type:
Nearest Settlements:
PlacePopulationDistance
Vikersund2,448 (2016)7.8km
Nakkerud350 (2013)13.5km
Prestfoss465 (2014)14.0km
Krøderen496 (2013)16.5km
Tyristrand795 (2013)17.9km
Nearest Clubs:
Local clubs are the best way to get access to collecting localities
ClubLocationDistance
Buskerud GeologiforeningSolbergelva27km
Mindat Locality ID:
2497
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:2497:9
GUID (UUID V4):
0
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
Skutterud Mines; Modum Cobalt Mines; Modum Koboltgruver
Other Languages:
Norwegian:
Skuterud koboltgruver, Modum vest, Modum, Buskerud, Norge


Former Co-Cu mines operated from 1778 until 1898.

Mineralisation is fahlband ores (mainly pyrite and chalcopyrite) with some cobalt sulphides. Type locality for skutterudite.

The mines were operated to produce cobalt to be used in the colouring of glass and ceramics. Now the site of an open-air mining museum with exhibitions in several buildings and a view of the open pits.

UPDATE AUGUST 2023: Kuniko, an exploration company, reports the possibility of a large-scale cobalt-copper deposit after a drilling programme at its Middagshvile target. Further drilling commencing in February 2024 should produce more details about the extent of the mineralisation.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.


Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

39 valid minerals. 1 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded


Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Actinolite
Formula: ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘ Albite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup'
Formula: AB2C5(T8O22)W2
ⓘ Anthophyllite
Formula: ◻Mg2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
ⓘ 'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3A
ⓘ Arsenopyrite
Formula: FeAsS
Description: Cobalt content vary from 2,8% to 11,8%. Samples with highest Co consist of two phases; glaucodote and arsenopyrite.
ⓘ Arsenopyrite var. Danaite
Formula: (Fe0.90Co0.10)AsS - (Fe0.65Co0.35)AsS
References:
ⓘ Azurite
Formula: Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
ⓘ 'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ Bornite
Formula: Cu5FeS4
ⓘ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
ⓘ Chalcanthite
Formula: CuSO4 · 5H2O
ⓘ Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
ⓘ Cobaltite
Formula: CoAsS
Habit: Combinations of (210), (111) and (100).
Description: First cobaltite found in the Modum area was in 1772 by Ole Witloch.
ⓘ Covellite
Formula: CuS
ⓘ Diopside
Formula: CaMgSi2O6
ⓘ Dravite
Formula: NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
ⓘ Erythrite
Formula: Co3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
ⓘ 'Feldspar Group'
ⓘ Galena
Formula: PbS
ⓘ 'Garnet Group'
Formula: X3Z2(SiO4)3
ⓘ Gedrite
Formula: ◻Mg2(Mg3Al2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
ⓘ Glaucodot
Formula: (Co0.50Fe0.50)AsS
Description: Scheerer (1838, p. 424) describe a mineral and cal it "arsenopyrite intergrown with Glandskobolt(cobaltite)", this mineral is identical as glaucodote which was described 11 years later.
ⓘ Graphite
Formula: C
ⓘ Hexahydrite
Formula: Mg(H2O)6(SO4)
ⓘ 'Hornblende Root Name Group'
Formula: ◻Ca2(C2+4C3+)(AlSi7O22)W2
ⓘ 'K Feldspar'
ⓘ Linnaeite
Formula: Co2+Co3+2S4
ⓘ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘ Malachite
Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
ⓘ Microcline
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ Molybdenite
Formula: MoS2
ⓘ Monazite-(Ce)
Formula: Ce(PO4)
Description: Sverdrup et al. report monazite-(Ce) as accessory mineral in the ore-bands. Monazite-(Ce) have been found in a small pegmatite close to Skutterud mines, together with schörl in muscovite (P. Andresen, self collected).
ⓘ Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Native Bismuth
Formula: Bi
ⓘ Native Copper
Formula: Cu
ⓘ Native Silver
Formula: Ag
ⓘ Phlogopite
Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
ⓘ Pyrrhotite
Formula: Fe1-xS
ⓘ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
ⓘ Safflorite
Formula: (Co,Ni,Fe)As2
ⓘ Sillimanite
Formula: Al2(SiO4)O
ⓘ Skutterudite (TL)
Formula: CoAs3
Type Locality:
Habit: Typical: (111), (211), (110) and more rarely: (100), (310) and (332).
Description: Breithaupt(1827)first named it as Tesseralkies but the properties was described under the heading Hartkobaltkies". Scheerer (1837) introduced the name Arsenik-Koboltkiis", Hausmann (1847)as "Hartkobalterze", Nicol (1849) it as "Modumite", and Haidinger described it as "skutterudite".
References:
ⓘ Sphalerite
Formula: ZnS
ⓘ 'Tennantite Subgroup'
Formula: Cu6(Cu4C2+2)As4S12S
ⓘ Titanite
Formula: CaTiO(SiO4)
ⓘ Titanite var. Yttrium-bearing Titanite
Formula: (Ca,Y)TiSiO5
ⓘ 'Tourmaline'
Formula: AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
ⓘ Uraninite
Formula: UO2

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘNative Copper1.AA.05Cu
ⓘNative Silver1.AA.05Ag
ⓘNative Bismuth1.CA.05Bi
ⓘGraphite1.CB.05aC
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘBornite2.BA.15Cu5FeS4
ⓘCovellite2.CA.05aCuS
ⓘSphalerite2.CB.05aZnS
ⓘChalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
ⓘPyrrhotite2.CC.10Fe1-xS
ⓘGalena2.CD.10PbS
ⓘLinnaeite2.DA.05Co2+Co3+2S4
ⓘMolybdenite2.EA.30MoS2
ⓘPyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
ⓘGlaucodot2.EB.10c(Co0.50Fe0.50)AsS
ⓘSafflorite2.EB.15a(Co,Ni,Fe)As2
ⓘArsenopyrite2.EB.20FeAsS
ⓘvar. Danaite2.EB.20(Fe0.90Co0.10)AsS - (Fe0.65Co0.35)AsS
ⓘCobaltite2.EB.25CoAsS
ⓘSkutterudite (TL)2.EC.05CoAs3
ⓘ'Tennantite Subgroup'2.GB.05Cu6(Cu4C2+2)As4S12S
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘQuartz4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘUraninite4.DL.05UO2
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘCalcite5.AB.05CaCO3
ⓘAzurite5.BA.05Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
ⓘMalachite5.BA.10Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘChalcanthite7.CB.20CuSO4 · 5H2O
ⓘHexahydrite7.CB.25Mg(H2O)6(SO4)
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘMonazite-(Ce)8.AD.50Ce(PO4)
ⓘErythrite8.CE.40Co3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘSillimanite9.AF.05Al2(SiO4)O
ⓘTitanite9.AG.15CaTiO(SiO4)
ⓘvar. Yttrium-bearing Titanite9.AG.15(Ca,Y)TiSiO5
ⓘDravite9.CK.05NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
ⓘDiopside9.DA.15CaMgSi2O6
ⓘAnthophyllite9.DD.05◻Mg2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
ⓘGedrite9.DD.05◻Mg2(Mg3Al2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
ⓘActinolite9.DE.10◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘMuscovite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘvar. Sericite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘPhlogopite9.EC.20KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘMicrocline9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘAlbite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
Unclassified
ⓘ'Amphibole Supergroup'-AB2C5(T8O22)W2
ⓘ'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ'Feldspar Group'-
ⓘ'Tourmaline'-AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
ⓘ'Hornblende Root Name Group'-◻Ca2(C2+4C3+)(AlSi7O22)W2
ⓘ'K Feldspar'-
ⓘ'Garnet Group'-X3Z2(SiO4)3
ⓘ'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3A

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Hⓘ Anthophyllite◻Mg2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Hⓘ AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Hⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Hⓘ ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
Hⓘ DraviteNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Hⓘ ErythriteCo3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Hⓘ Gedrite◻Mg2(Mg3Al2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
Hⓘ HexahydriteMg(H2O)6(SO4)
Hⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Hⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
BBoron
Bⓘ DraviteNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Bⓘ TourmalineAD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
CCarbon
Cⓘ AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Cⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Cⓘ GraphiteC
Cⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
OOxygen
Oⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Oⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5(T8O22)W2
Oⓘ Anthophyllite◻Mg2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Oⓘ AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Oⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Oⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Oⓘ ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
Oⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Oⓘ DraviteNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Oⓘ ErythriteCo3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Oⓘ Gedrite◻Mg2(Mg3Al2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
Oⓘ HexahydriteMg(H2O)6(SO4)
Oⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Oⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ Monazite-(Ce)Ce(PO4)
Oⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ SillimaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Oⓘ TitaniteCaTiO(SiO4)
Oⓘ TourmalineAD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
Oⓘ UraniniteUO2
Oⓘ Titanite var. Yttrium-bearing Titanite(Ca,Y)TiSiO5
Oⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(C42+C3+)(AlSi7O22)W2
Oⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
Oⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3A
FFluorine
Fⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
NaSodium
Naⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Naⓘ DraviteNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Mgⓘ Anthophyllite◻Mg2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Mgⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Mgⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Mgⓘ DraviteNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Mgⓘ Gedrite◻Mg2(Mg3Al2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
Mgⓘ HexahydriteMg(H2O)6(SO4)
Mgⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
AlAluminium
Alⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Alⓘ DraviteNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Alⓘ Gedrite◻Mg2(Mg3Al2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
Alⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ SillimaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Alⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(C42+C3+)(AlSi7O22)W2
Alⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
SiSilicon
Siⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Siⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ Anthophyllite◻Mg2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Siⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Siⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Siⓘ DraviteNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Siⓘ Gedrite◻Mg2(Mg3Al2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
Siⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ SillimaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Siⓘ TitaniteCaTiO(SiO4)
Siⓘ Titanite var. Yttrium-bearing Titanite(Ca,Y)TiSiO5
Siⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(C42+C3+)(AlSi7O22)W2
Siⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
PPhosphorus
Pⓘ Monazite-(Ce)Ce(PO4)
Pⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3A
SSulfur
Sⓘ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Sⓘ BorniteCu5FeS4
Sⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Sⓘ ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
Sⓘ CobaltiteCoAsS
Sⓘ CovelliteCuS
Sⓘ GalenaPbS
Sⓘ Glaucodot(Co0.50Fe0.50)AsS
Sⓘ HexahydriteMg(H2O)6(SO4)
Sⓘ LinnaeiteCo2+Co23+S4
Sⓘ MolybdeniteMoS2
Sⓘ PyriteFeS2
Sⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Sⓘ SphaleriteZnS
Sⓘ Tennantite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)As4S12S
Sⓘ Arsenopyrite var. Danaite(Fe0.90Co0.10)AsS - (Fe0.65Co0.35)AsS
KPotassium
Kⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Kⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Kⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CaCalcium
Caⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Caⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Caⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Caⓘ TitaniteCaTiO(SiO4)
Caⓘ Titanite var. Yttrium-bearing Titanite(Ca,Y)TiSiO5
Caⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(C42+C3+)(AlSi7O22)W2
Caⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3A
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Tiⓘ TitaniteCaTiO(SiO4)
Tiⓘ Titanite var. Yttrium-bearing Titanite(Ca,Y)TiSiO5
FeIron
Feⓘ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Feⓘ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Feⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Feⓘ BorniteCu5FeS4
Feⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Feⓘ Glaucodot(Co0.50Fe0.50)AsS
Feⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feⓘ PyriteFeS2
Feⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Feⓘ Safflorite(Co,Ni,Fe)As2
Feⓘ Arsenopyrite var. Danaite(Fe0.90Co0.10)AsS - (Fe0.65Co0.35)AsS
CoCobalt
Coⓘ CobaltiteCoAsS
Coⓘ ErythriteCo3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Coⓘ Glaucodot(Co0.50Fe0.50)AsS
Coⓘ LinnaeiteCo2+Co23+S4
Coⓘ Safflorite(Co,Ni,Fe)As2
Coⓘ SkutteruditeCoAs3
Coⓘ Arsenopyrite var. Danaite(Fe0.90Co0.10)AsS - (Fe0.65Co0.35)AsS
NiNickel
Niⓘ Safflorite(Co,Ni,Fe)As2
CuCopper
Cuⓘ AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Cuⓘ BorniteCu5FeS4
Cuⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Cuⓘ ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
Cuⓘ CovelliteCuS
Cuⓘ Native CopperCu
Cuⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Cuⓘ Tennantite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)As4S12S
ZnZinc
Znⓘ SphaleriteZnS
AsArsenic
Asⓘ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Asⓘ CobaltiteCoAsS
Asⓘ ErythriteCo3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Asⓘ Glaucodot(Co0.50Fe0.50)AsS
Asⓘ Safflorite(Co,Ni,Fe)As2
Asⓘ SkutteruditeCoAs3
Asⓘ Tennantite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)As4S12S
Asⓘ Arsenopyrite var. Danaite(Fe0.90Co0.10)AsS - (Fe0.65Co0.35)AsS
YYttrium
Yⓘ Titanite var. Yttrium-bearing Titanite(Ca,Y)TiSiO5
MoMolybdenum
Moⓘ MolybdeniteMoS2
AgSilver
Agⓘ Native SilverAg
CeCerium
Ceⓘ Monazite-(Ce)Ce(PO4)
PbLead
Pbⓘ GalenaPbS
BiBismuth
Biⓘ Native BismuthBi
UUranium
Uⓘ UraniniteUO2

Geochronology

Mineralization age: Mesoproterozoic : 1463 Ma to 1080 Ma

Important note: This table is based only on rock and mineral ages recorded on mindat.org for this locality and is not necessarily a complete representation of the geochronology, but does give an indication of possible mineralization events relevant to this locality. As more age information is added this table may expand in the future. A break in the table simply indicates a lack of data entered here, not necessarily a break in the geologic sequence. Grey background entries are from different, related, localities.

Geologic TimeRocks, Minerals and Events
Precambrian
 Proterozoic
  Mesoproterozoic
   Stenian
ⓘ Uraninite (youngest age)1080 Ma
ⓘ Molybdenite (youngest age)1108 Ma
ⓘ Molybdenite (oldest age)1116 Ma
    
    
   Calymmian
ⓘ Uraninite (oldest age)1463 Ma

Localities in this Region

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate
EuropeContinent
Norway

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References

 
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To cite: Ralph, J., Von Bargen, D., Martynov, P., Zhang, J., Que, X., Prabhu, A., Morrison, S. M., Li, W., Chen, W., & Ma, X. (2025). Mindat.org: The open access mineralogy database to accelerate data-intensive geoscience research. American Mineralogist, 110(6), 833–844. doi:10.2138/am-2024-9486.
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