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Terranera Mine, Porto Azzurro, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italyi
Regional Level Types
Terranera MineMine (Flooded)
Porto AzzurroCommune
Livorno ProvinceProvince
TuscanyRegion
ItalyCountry

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01248610017271984894250.jpg
terranera mine

Terranera Mine, Porto Azzurro, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
08830880017271984919234.jpg
The lake; at rigth hand the beach

Terranera Mine, Porto Azzurro, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
00937110017271984942020.jpg
Iron beach

Terranera Mine, Porto Azzurro, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
01248610017271984894250.jpg
terranera mine

Terranera Mine, Porto Azzurro, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
08830880017271984919234.jpg
The lake; at rigth hand the beach

Terranera Mine, Porto Azzurro, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
00937110017271984942020.jpg
Iron beach

Terranera Mine, Porto Azzurro, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
07369970017271984963376.jpg
terranera mine

Terranera Mine, Porto Azzurro, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
08830880017271984919234.jpg
The lake; at rigth hand the beach

Terranera Mine, Porto Azzurro, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
42° 46' 27'' North , 10° 25' 10'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
42.77421,10.41972
GRN:
N29E06
Type:
Mine (Flooded) - last checked 2021
Köppen climate type:
Csa : Hot-summer Mediterranean climate
Nearest Settlements:
PlacePopulationDistance
Porto Azzurro3,088 (2014)2.0km
Rio nell'Elba782 (2014)4.4km
Rio Marina1,220 (2014)4.4km
Capoliveri2,049 (2014)4.7km
Magazzini128 (2014)5.8km
Mindat Locality ID:
50730
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:50730:2
GUID (UUID V4):
0
Other Languages:
View 2 more...
French:
Laghetto di Terra Nera, Porto Azzurro, Province de Livourne, Toscane, Italie
Italian:
laghetto di Terra Nera, Porto Azzurro, Provincia di Livorno, Toscana, Italia
Dutch:
Laghetto di Terra Nera, Porto Azzurro, Livorno, Toscane, Italië
Venetian:
lagheto de Tera Nera, Porto Azzurro, Provincia de Ƚivorno, Toscana, Itałia


Iron mine, located on the coast, from 0 to 31 m a.s.l., less than 2 km NE of the Spanish fortress of Porto Azzurro. The locality is known today for the little lake separated from the sea by a narrow beach. Modern exploitation started in 1880 and ended in 1970, but this mine was known also in ancient times.
The orebody consisted of hematite and limonite, with pyrite at the bed.

The Terranera deposit was the smallest of the district. It included two open pits (Terranera and Capo Bianco) and two galleries. Its historical production in the 1894–1943 period was of c. 311,000 t at a grade of 45–57 wt% Fe. The ore bodies were described as a 10–30 m thick “heterogeneous friction breccia” and reported as lenses and veins of hematite, limonite, and pyrite embedded within cataclasites.

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Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.


Mineral List


41 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded


Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Actinolite
Formula: ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘ Alunite
Formula: KAl3(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup'
Formula: AB2C5(T8O22)W2
ⓘ Andalusite
Formula: Al2(SiO4)O
ⓘ Aragonite
Formula: CaCO3
ⓘ Arsenopyrite
Formula: FeAsS
ⓘ 'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ Botryogen
Formula: MgFe3+(SO4)2(OH) · 7H2O
ⓘ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
ⓘ Cassiterite
Formula: SnO2
ⓘ Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
ⓘ 'Chlorite Group'
ⓘ Clinochlore
Formula: Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8
ⓘ Clinozoisite
Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘ Copiapite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
ⓘ Cordierite
Formula: Mg2Al4Si5O18
ⓘ Corrensite
Formula: (Mg,Fe)9((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)10 · nH2O
ⓘ Cuprite
Formula: Cu2O
ⓘ Cuprite var. Chalcotrichite
Formula: Cu2O
ⓘ Diopside
Formula: CaMgSi2O6
ⓘ Epidote
Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘ 'Feldspar Group'
ⓘ Ferberite
Formula: FeWO4
ⓘ Goethite
Formula: Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘ Hematite
Formula: Fe2O3
ⓘ 'Hornblende Root Name Group'
Formula: ◻Ca2(C2+4C3+)(AlSi7O22)W2
ⓘ Ilmenite
Formula: Fe2+TiO3
ⓘ Kaolinite
Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
ⓘ 'K Feldspar'
ⓘ 'Limonite'
ⓘ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘ Malachite
Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
ⓘ Melanterite
Formula: Fe2+(H2O)6(SO4) · H2O
ⓘ Melanterite var. Copper-bearing Melanterite
Formula: (Fe,Cu)SO4 · 7H2O
ⓘ Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Muscovite var. Illite
Formula: K0.65Al2.0[Al0.65Si3.35O10](OH)2
ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Phlogopite
Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ 'Phyllosilicate'
ⓘ Pickeringite
Formula: MgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
ⓘ 'Plagioclase'
Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
ⓘ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
References:
Panichi, U. (1909) Sulla Pirite dell'Elba. Rivista di Mineralogia e Cristallografia Italiana, 38. 12-35
Garofalo, Paolo S.; Maffei, Jacopo; Papeschi, Samuele; Dellisanti, Francesco; Neff, Christoph; Schwarz, Gunnar; Schmidt, Peter Keresztes; Günther, Detlef (2023) Fluid-rock interaction, skarn genesis, and hydrothermal alteration within an upper crustal fault zone (Island of Elba, Italy). Ore Geology Reviews, 154. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2023.105348
Garofalo, Paolo S., Redi, Daniele, Malafeevskiy, Nikita, Schwarz, Gunnar, Neff, Christoph, Schmidt, Peter Keresztes, Günther, Detlef (2025) Failed genesis of a Fe-skarn deposit caused by redox states of intrusion and wall rocks (Torre di Rio, Island of Elba, Italy). Ore Geology Reviews, 177. 106446 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2025.106446
ⓘ Pyrophyllite
Formula: Al2Si4O10(OH)2
ⓘ Pyrrhotite
Formula: Fe1-xS
ⓘ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ Rutile
Formula: TiO2
ⓘ Scheelite
Formula: Ca(WO4)
ⓘ Sepiolite
Formula: Mg4(Si6O15)(OH)2 · 6H2O
ⓘ 'Serpentine Subgroup'
Formula: D3[Si2O5](OH)4
ⓘ 'Smectite Group'
Formula: A0.3D2-3[T4O10]Z2 · nH2O
ⓘ Spinel
Formula: MgAl2O4
ⓘ Talc
Formula: Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
ⓘ Titanite
Formula: CaTiO(SiO4)
ⓘ 'Tourmaline'
Formula: AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
ⓘ Tremolite
Formula: ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
ⓘ Vermiculite
Formula: Mg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2O
ⓘ Zircon
Formula: Zr(SiO4)