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Ianapera emerald deposit (Sakalava), Ianapera, Benenitra District, Atsimo-Andrefana, Madagascari
Regional Level Types
Ianapera emerald deposit (Sakalava)Deposit
IanaperaCommune
Benenitra DistrictDistrict
Atsimo-AndrefanaRegion
MadagascarCountry

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
23° 35' 5'' South , 45° 8' 47'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
-23.58500,45.14655
GRN:
S16E30
Type:
Deposit
Köppen climate type:
Aw : Tropical savanna, wet
Mindat Locality ID:
27838
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:27838:5
GUID (UUID V4):
0
Other Languages:
Malagasy:
Karieran' Ianapera (Sakalava), Kaominin' Ianapera, Distrikan'i Benenitra, Faritr' Atsimo Andrefana, Madagasikara


An emerald deposit, situated about 350 km east of the town Toliara (Tulear) in the southern part of Madagascar. The deposit was discovered in 1989.
The emerald occurs in reaction zones developed at a shear zone within lenses of serpentinites and amphibolites belonging to the Vohibory group. Migmatitic gneissic units and calcareous metasedimentary rocks, containing metamorphosed mafic/ultramafic lenses, all intruded by pegmatite veins. Emerald mineralization occurs at the contact of pegmatite veins with mafic/ultramafic units.
Mining started in 1989 and was carried out by Société Delorme at the site now called "Grand Quarry". In 1991 a small local company, COMINAS, dug a shaft of about 10 to 20 m depth, a few hundred meters south of the original discovery site. This shaft is refered to as the "Benato quarry" (Andrianjakavah et al. 2008).


Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.


Mineral List


21 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Baryte
Formula: BaSO4
ⓘ 'Bastnäsite'
Formula: (Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
ⓘ Beryl
Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18)
ⓘ Beryl var. Emerald
Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18)
ⓘ 'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ 'Chlorite Group'
ⓘ Chrysotile
Formula: Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
ⓘ Clintonite
Formula: CaAlMg2(SiAl3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Dolomite
Formula: CaMg(CO3)2
ⓘ Dravite
Formula: NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
ⓘ 'Hornblende Root Name Group'
Formula: ◻Ca2(Z2+4Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
ⓘ 'K Feldspar'
ⓘ Magnesio-hornblende
Formula: ◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
ⓘ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘ 'Monazite Group'
Formula: REE(PO4)
ⓘ Nahcolite
Formula: NaHCO3
ⓘ Phenakite
Formula: Be2SiO4
ⓘ Phlogopite
Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ 'Plagioclase'
Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
ⓘ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
ⓘ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ Rutile
Formula: TiO2
ⓘ 'Scapolite'
ⓘ Schorl
Formula: NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
ⓘ Serendibite
Formula: Ca4[Mg6Al6]O4[Si6B3Al3O36]
Colour: Prussian blue
Description: in a calc-silicate rock associated with clintonite clinopyroxenites
ⓘ Silvialite
Formula: (Ca,Na)4(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,CO3)
ⓘ Talc
Formula: Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
ⓘ 'Tourmaline'
Formula: AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
ⓘ Tremolite
Formula: ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
ⓘ Tschermakite
Formula: ◻(Ca2)(Mg3Al2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
ⓘ Zircon
Formula: Zr(SiO4)

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘPyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘQuartz4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘRutile4.DB.05TiO2
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘNahcolite5.AA.15NaHCO3
ⓘDolomite5.AB.10CaMg(CO3)2
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘBaryte7.AD.35BaSO4
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘChrysotile9.00.Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
ⓘPhenakite9.AA.05Be2SiO4
ⓘZircon9.AD.30Zr(SiO4)
ⓘBeryl9.CJ.05Be3Al2(Si6O18)
ⓘvar. Emerald9.CJ.05Be3Al2(Si6O18)
ⓘDravite9.CK.05NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
ⓘSchorl9.CK.05NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
ⓘMagnesio-hornblende9.DE.10◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
ⓘTremolite9.DE.10◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
ⓘTschermakite9.DE.10◻(Ca2)(Mg3Al2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
ⓘSerendibite9.DH.40Ca4[Mg6Al6]O4[Si6B3Al3O36]
ⓘTalc9.EC.05Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
ⓘPhlogopite9.EC.20KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘClintonite9.EC.35CaAlMg2(SiAl3O10)(OH)2
ⓘSilvialite9.FB.15(Ca,Na)4(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,CO3)
Unclassified
ⓘ'Bastnäsite'-(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
ⓘ'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ'Chlorite Group'-
ⓘ'Monazite Group'-REE(PO4)
ⓘ'Tourmaline'-AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
ⓘ'Scapolite'-
ⓘ'Hornblende Root Name Group'-◻Ca2(Z2+4Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
ⓘ'Plagioclase'-(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
ⓘ'K Feldspar'-

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Hⓘ ChrysotileMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Hⓘ ClintoniteCaAlMg2(SiAl3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ DraviteNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Hⓘ Magnesio-hornblende◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Hⓘ NahcoliteNaHCO3
Hⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Hⓘ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Hⓘ Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Hⓘ Tschermakite◻(Ca2)(Mg3Al2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
Hⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
BeBeryllium
Beⓘ BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Beⓘ Beryl var. EmeraldBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Beⓘ PhenakiteBe2SiO4
BBoron
Bⓘ DraviteNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Bⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Bⓘ SerendibiteCa4[Mg6Al6]O4[Si6B3Al3O36]
Bⓘ TourmalineAD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
CCarbon
Cⓘ Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
Cⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Cⓘ NahcoliteNaHCO3
Cⓘ Silvialite(Ca,Na)4(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,CO3)
OOxygen
Oⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Oⓘ Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
Oⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Oⓘ BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Oⓘ ChrysotileMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Oⓘ ClintoniteCaAlMg2(SiAl3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Oⓘ DraviteNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Oⓘ Beryl var. EmeraldBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Oⓘ Magnesio-hornblende◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Oⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oⓘ Monazite GroupREE(PO4)
Oⓘ NahcoliteNaHCO3
Oⓘ PhenakiteBe2SiO4
Oⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ RutileTiO2
Oⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Oⓘ SerendibiteCa4[Mg6Al6]O4[Si6B3Al3O36]
Oⓘ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Oⓘ TourmalineAD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
Oⓘ Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Oⓘ Tschermakite◻(Ca2)(Mg3Al2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
Oⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Oⓘ Silvialite(Ca,Na)4(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,CO3)
Oⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Oⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
FFluorine
Fⓘ Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
Fⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Fⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
NaSodium
Naⓘ DraviteNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Naⓘ NahcoliteNaHCO3
Naⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Naⓘ Silvialite(Ca,Na)4(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,CO3)
Naⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Mgⓘ ChrysotileMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Mgⓘ ClintoniteCaAlMg2(SiAl3O10)(OH)2
Mgⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Mgⓘ DraviteNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Mgⓘ Magnesio-hornblende◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Mgⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Mgⓘ SerendibiteCa4[Mg6Al6]O4[Si6B3Al3O36]
Mgⓘ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Mgⓘ Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Mgⓘ Tschermakite◻(Ca2)(Mg3Al2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
AlAluminium
Alⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Alⓘ BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Alⓘ ClintoniteCaAlMg2(SiAl3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ DraviteNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Alⓘ Beryl var. EmeraldBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Alⓘ Magnesio-hornblende◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Alⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Alⓘ SerendibiteCa4[Mg6Al6]O4[Si6B3Al3O36]
Alⓘ Tschermakite◻(Ca2)(Mg3Al2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
Alⓘ Silvialite(Ca,Na)4(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,CO3)
Alⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Alⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
SiSilicon
Siⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Siⓘ BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Siⓘ ChrysotileMg3(Si2O5)(OH)4
Siⓘ ClintoniteCaAlMg2(SiAl3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ DraviteNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Siⓘ Beryl var. EmeraldBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Siⓘ Magnesio-hornblende◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Siⓘ PhenakiteBe2SiO4
Siⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Siⓘ SerendibiteCa4[Mg6Al6]O4[Si6B3Al3O36]
Siⓘ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Siⓘ Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Siⓘ Tschermakite◻(Ca2)(Mg3Al2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
Siⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Siⓘ Silvialite(Ca,Na)4(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,CO3)
Siⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Siⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
PPhosphorus
Pⓘ Monazite GroupREE(PO4)
SSulfur
Sⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Sⓘ PyriteFeS2
Sⓘ Silvialite(Ca,Na)4(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,CO3)
ClChlorine
Clⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
KPotassium
Kⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Kⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CaCalcium
Caⓘ ClintoniteCaAlMg2(SiAl3O10)(OH)2
Caⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Caⓘ Magnesio-hornblende◻Ca2(Mg4Al)(Si7Al)O22(OH)2
Caⓘ SerendibiteCa4[Mg6Al6]O4[Si6B3Al3O36]
Caⓘ Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Caⓘ Tschermakite◻(Ca2)(Mg3Al2)(Al2Si6O22)(OH)2
Caⓘ Silvialite(Ca,Na)4(Al6Si6O24)(SO4,CO3)
Caⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Caⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Tiⓘ RutileTiO2
FeIron
Feⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Feⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feⓘ PyriteFeS2
Feⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
YYttrium
Yⓘ Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
ZrZirconium
Zrⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
BaBarium
Baⓘ BaryteBaSO4
CeCerium
Ceⓘ Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
NdNeodymium
Ndⓘ Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

AfricaContinent
African Plate
Madagascar
Somali PlateTectonic Plate

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Nicollet, Christian (1988) Metabasites granulitiques, anorthosites et roches associees de la croute inferieure. Exemples pris à Madagasgcar et dans le Massif Central français. Arguments en faveur d’un metamorphisme associe a l’extension lithospherique. Thèse d'Etat, Univérsite Blaise Pasca. 315 pp.
Nicollet, C. (1990) Crustal Evolution of the Granulites of Madagascar. In Granulites and Crustal Evolution. Springer Netherlands. p.291-310. doi:10.1007/978-94-009-2055-2_15
Nicollet, Christian (1990) Occurrences of grandidierite, serendibite and tourmaline near Ihosy, southern Madagascar. Mineralogical Magazine, 54 (374) 131-133 doi:10.1180/minmag.1990.054.374.16
Marchand, Pascal (1995) Situation géologique des émeraudes de Ianapera, province de Tuléar (Madagascar) [Geological location of the emeralds of Ianapera, province of Tuléar (Madagascar)]. La Revue de Gemmologie 124, 13-16
Cheilletz, A., Sabot, B., Marchand, P., De Donato, P., Taylor, B., Archibald, D., Barres, O. , Andrianjaffy, J (2001) Emerald deposits in Madagascar: Two different types for one mineralizing event. European Union of Geosciences XI General Assembly, EUG XI. Symposium OS06 Mineralogy, Ore Geology and Mineral Resources. 547
Vapnik, Y.E.; Sabot, B; Moroz, I. (2003) Fluid Inclusions in Ianapera Emerald, Southern Madagascar, in XVIIth European Current Research on Fluid Inclusions : international conference, Budapest, 5-7 June, 2003 : ECROFI XVII : abstracts. Acta Mineralogica-Petrographica, Abstract Series, 2. 226-227
Vapnik, Ye, Sabot, B., Moroz, I. (2005) Fluid Inclusions in Ianapera Emerald, Southern Madagasca. International Geology Review, 47 (6) 647-662 doi:10.2747/0020-6814.47.6.647
Vapnik, Ye., Moroz, I., Roth, M., Eliezri, I. (2006) Formation of emeralds at pegmatite-ultramafic contacts based on fluid inclusions in Kianjavato emerald, Mananjary deposits, Madagascar. Mineralogical Magazine, 70 (2) 141-158 doi:10.1180/0026461067020320
Groat, L.A.; Giuliani, G.; Marshall, D.D.; Turner, D. (2008) Emerald deposits and occurrences: A review. Ore Geology Reviews, 34 (1-2). 87-112 doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2007.09.003
Andrianjakavah, Prosper Rakotovao, Salvi, Stefano, Béziat, Didier, Rakotondrazafy, Michel, Giuliani, Gaston (2009) Proximal and distal styles of pegmatite-related metasomatic emerald mineralization at Ianapera, southern Madagascar. Mineralium Deposita, 44 (7) 817-835 doi:10.1007/s00126-009-0243-5
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