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Elizabeth Mine, South Strafford, Strafford, Orange County, Vermont, USAi
Regional Level Types
Elizabeth MineMine (Inactive)
South StraffordUnincorporated Community
StraffordTown
Orange CountyCounty
VermontState
USACountry

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PhotosMapsSearch
06267960017272042331357.jpg
Elizabeth Mine During Operation

Elizabeth Mine, South Strafford, Strafford, Orange County, Vermont, USA
03416590017272042343940.jpg
Mine plant looking west, c. 1950

Elizabeth Mine, South Strafford, Strafford, Orange County, Vermont, USA
01309900017272042356618.jpg
The Trench

Elizabeth Mine, South Strafford, Strafford, Orange County, Vermont, USA
06267960017272042331357.jpg
Elizabeth Mine During Operation

Elizabeth Mine, South Strafford, Strafford, Orange County, Vermont, USA
03416590017272042343940.jpg
Mine plant looking west, c. 1950

Elizabeth Mine, South Strafford, Strafford, Orange County, Vermont, USA
01309900017272042356618.jpg
The Trench

Elizabeth Mine, South Strafford, Strafford, Orange County, Vermont, USA
06267960017272042331357.jpg
Elizabeth Mine During Operation

Elizabeth Mine, South Strafford, Strafford, Orange County, Vermont, USA
03416590017272042343940.jpg
Mine plant looking west, c. 1950

Elizabeth Mine, South Strafford, Strafford, Orange County, Vermont, USA
Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
43° 49' 24'' North , 72° 19' 56'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
43.82361,-72.33250
GRN:
N30W38
Type:
Mine (Inactive) - last checked 2021
Deposit first discovered:
1793
Kรถppen climate type:
Dfb : Warm-summer humid continental climate
Nearest Settlements:
PlacePopulationDistance
Norwich878 (2017)12.2km
Hanover8,636 (2017)13.9km
Lyme1,788 (2017)14.2km
South Royalton694 (2017)15.1km
Wilder1,690 (2017)16.9km
Mindat Locality ID:
17253
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:17253:1
GUID (UUID V4):
0


Copper mine working a Besshi-type massive sulfide deposit.
Located on "Copperas Hill". First opened in 1793. Ore is pyrrhotite containing disseminated chalcopyrite. Mined for copper beginning in 1830. Closed in the Great Depression, re-opened then closed in 1958. In 1918 the mine produced 300,000 lbs. of copper and 35 oz. of silver (Weed, 1920).

According to the Town of Strafford website: The discovery of copperas and copper ore at Strafford in the 1790s led to the creation of the Elizabeth Mine Company and the Vermont Mineral Company. During the last period of its operation the Elizabeth Mine was the largest in New England... President James Monroeโ€™s 1817 visit to Straffordโ€™s copperas works caused a sensation locally.

Chronology (Source: HISTORIC AMERICAN ENGINEERING RECORD, National Park Service, VT-35, undated, available at Library of Congress online (link below):

1793 - Metallic sulfide ore deposit discovered on Copperas Hill
1809 - Vermont Mineral Factory Company begins surface mining and copperas (iron sulfate) production
1817 - U.S. President James Monroe visits mine on goodwill tour 1830 Underground mining begins; Isaac Tyson, Jr. smelts first copper at Furnace Flat
1854 - Intermittent copper smelting at Furnace Flat through 1867
1882 - Copperas production ends; James Tyson names mine โ€œElizabethโ€ after his wife; Tysons smelt copper at Sargent Brook to 1890
1898 - Tysons construct 1898 Adit; smelt copper on east side of Copperas Hill through 1902
1906 - Mine purchased by August Heckscher; new smelters installed but operate intermittently
1916 - First froth flotation ore milling at Elizabeth Mine 1925 American Metals Company briefly operates mine
1928 - National Copper Corporation and Frederick Foote briefly operate mine 1942 - Vermont Copper Company, Inc. organized, begins construction and reopens mine for World War II copper production
1943 - First copper concentrate shipped from Elizabeth Mine mill for smelting by Phelps Dodge Corporation at Laurel Hill, Long Island, New York
1948 - New adit and shaft dug to develop ore down to 975 foot level 1949 New crusher and equipment added for extra capacity; ore extraction begins from waste dumps, South Open Cut, and Ely Mine dumps 1950 Copper production reaches 7 million lb. 1952 Pyrrhotite extraction for sulfur for Brown Paper Company of Berlin, New Hampshire begins; Tailings Pile 2 started
1954 - Copper production exceeds 8.5 million lb.; Appalachian Sulphides, Inc. purchases Elizabeth Mine from Vermont Copper Company
1958 - Ore exhausted as mining progresses north of Ompompanoosuc River; Appalachian Sulphides closes Elizabeth Mine and shifts operations to historic Ore Knob, North Carolina copper mine

UPDATES:
2001 - EPA placed the site on the National Priorities List (NPL) in June
2003 - EPA begins cleanup of mine site, designated a Superfund site
2010 - $8 million stimulus grant jump-started cleanup efforts
2017 - A private developer installed a 4.9-megawatt solar array on the radiated tailings pile
2021 - EPA completes the site remediation

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.


Mineral List


43 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded


Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

โ“˜ Actinolite
Formula: ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
โ“˜ Albite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
โ“˜ Aluminite ?
Formula: Al2(SO4)(OH)4 · 7H2O
โ“˜ Alunogen
Formula: Al2(SO4)3 · 17H2O
โ“˜ 'Amphibole Supergroup'
Formula: AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
โ“˜ 'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
โ“˜ Arsenopyrite
Formula: FeAsS
โ“˜ 'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
โ“˜ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
โ“˜ Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
โ“˜ 'Chlorite Group'
โ“˜ Cobaltite
Formula: CoAsS
โ“˜ Cubanite
Formula: CuFe2S3
โ“˜ Dolomite
Formula: CaMg(CO3)2
โ“˜ Dravite
Formula: NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
โ“˜ Epidote
Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
โ“˜ Ferrihydrite
Formula: Fe3+10O14(OH)2
โ“˜ Fluorapatite
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3F
โ“˜ Galena
Formula: PbS
โ“˜ 'Garnet Group'
Formula: X3Z2(SiO4)3
โ“˜ Goethite
Formula: Fe3+O(OH)
โ“˜ Graphite
Formula: C
โ“˜ Gypsum
Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O
โ“˜ Halotrichite
Formula: FeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
โ“˜ Hematite
Formula: Fe2O3
โ“˜ 'Hornblende Root Name Group'
Formula: ◻Ca2(Z2+4Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
โ“˜ Jarosite
Formula: KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
โ“˜ Kyanite
Formula: Al2(SiO4)O
โ“˜ Marcasite
Formula: FeS2
โ“˜ Melanterite
Formula: Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O
โ“˜ Molybdenite
Formula: MoS2
โ“˜ Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
โ“˜ Muscovite var. Sericite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
โ“˜ Phlogopite
Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
โ“˜ Pickeringite
Formula: MgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
โ“˜ 'Plagioclase'
Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
โ“˜ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
โ“˜ Pyrrhotite
Formula: Fe1-xS
โ“˜ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
โ“˜ Rozenite
Formula: FeSO4 · 4H2O
โ“˜ Rutile
Formula: TiO2
โ“˜ Schwertmannite
Formula: Fe3+16(OH,SO4)12-13O16 · 10-12H2O
โ“˜ Siderotil
Formula: FeSO4 · 5H2O
โ“˜ Spessartine
Formula: Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3
โ“˜ Sphalerite
Formula: ZnS
โ“˜ Talc
Formula: Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
โ“˜ 'Tennantite Subgroup'
Formula: Cu6(Cu4C2+2)As4S12S
โ“˜ 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'
Formula: Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S
โ“˜ Titanite
Formula: CaTi(SiO4)O
โ“˜ 'Tourmaline'
Formula: AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
โ“˜ Tremolite
Formula: ◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
โ“˜ Valleriite
Formula: (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
โ“˜ Vesuvianite
Formula: Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
โ“˜ Wollastonite
Formula: Ca3(Si3O9)

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
โ“˜Graphite1.CB.05aC
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
โ“˜Sphalerite2.CB.05aZnS
โ“˜Chalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
โ“˜Cubanite2.CB.55aCuFe2S3
โ“˜Pyrrhotite2.CC.10Fe1-xS
โ“˜Galena2.CD.10PbS
โ“˜Molybdenite2.EA.30MoS2
โ“˜Pyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
โ“˜Marcasite2.EB.10aFeS2
โ“˜Arsenopyrite2.EB.20FeAsS
โ“˜Cobaltite2.EB.25CoAsS
โ“˜Valleriite2.FD.30(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
โ“˜'Tennantite Subgroup'2.GB.05Cu6(Cu4C2+2)As4S12S
โ“˜'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'2.GB.05Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
โ“˜Goethite4.00.Fe3+O(OH)
โ“˜Hematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
โ“˜Quartz4.DA.05SiO2
โ“˜Rutile4.DB.05TiO2
โ“˜Ferrihydrite4.FE.35Fe3+10O14(OH)2
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
โ“˜Calcite5.AB.05CaCO3
โ“˜Dolomite5.AB.10CaMg(CO3)2
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
โ“˜Jarosite7.BC.10KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
โ“˜Rozenite7.CB.15FeSO4 ยท 4H2O
โ“˜Siderotil7.CB.20FeSO4 ยท 5H2O
โ“˜Melanterite7.CB.35Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 ยท H2O
โ“˜Alunogen7.CB.45Al2(SO4)3 ยท 17H2O
โ“˜Halotrichite7.CB.85FeAl2(SO4)4 ยท 22H2O
โ“˜Pickeringite7.CB.85MgAl2(SO4)4 ยท 22H2O
โ“˜Gypsum7.CD.40CaSO4 ยท 2H2O
โ“˜Aluminite ?7.DC.05Al2(SO4)(OH)4 ยท 7H2O
โ“˜Schwertmannite7.DE.15Fe3+16(OH,SO4)12-13O16 ยท 10-12H2O
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
โ“˜Fluorapatite8.BN.05Ca5(PO4)3F
Group 9 - Silicates
โ“˜Spessartine9.AD.25Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3
โ“˜Kyanite9.AF.15Al2(SiO4)O
โ“˜Titanite9.AG.15CaTi(SiO4)O
โ“˜Epidote9.BG.05a(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
โ“˜Vesuvianite9.BG.35Ca19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(โ—ป4)โ—ป[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
โ“˜Dravite9.CK.05NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
โ“˜Actinolite9.DE.10โ—ปCa2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
โ“˜Tremolite9.DE.10โ—ปCa2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
โ“˜Wollastonite9.DG.05Ca3(Si3O9)
โ“˜Talc9.EC.05Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
โ“˜Muscovite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
โ“˜var. Sericite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
โ“˜Phlogopite9.EC.20KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
โ“˜Albite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
Unclassified
โ“˜'Amphibole Supergroup'-AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
โ“˜'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
โ“˜'Chlorite Group'-
โ“˜'Tourmaline'-AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
โ“˜'Hornblende Root Name Group'-โ—ปCa2(Z2+4Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
โ“˜'Plagioclase'-(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
โ“˜'Garnet Group'-X3Z2(SiO4)3
โ“˜'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hโ“˜ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Hโ“˜ AluminiteAl2(SO4)(OH)4 · 7H2O
Hโ“˜ AlunogenAl2(SO4)3 · 17H2O
Hโ“˜ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Hโ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Hโ“˜ DraviteNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Hโ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Hโ“˜ FerrihydriteFe103+O14(OH)2
Hโ“˜ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Hโ“˜ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Hโ“˜ HalotrichiteFeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Hโ“˜ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Hโ“˜ MelanteriteFe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O
Hโ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hโ“˜ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hโ“˜ PickeringiteMgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Hโ“˜ RozeniteFeSO4 · 4H2O
Hโ“˜ SiderotilFeSO4 · 5H2O
Hโ“˜ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Hโ“˜ Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Hโ“˜ Valleriite(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
Hโ“˜ VesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
Hโ“˜ SchwertmanniteFe163+(OH,SO4)12-13O16 · 10-12H2O
Hโ“˜ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Hโ“˜ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hโ“˜ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
BBoron
Bโ“˜ DraviteNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Bโ“˜ TourmalineAD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
CCarbon
Cโ“˜ CalciteCaCO3
Cโ“˜ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Cโ“˜ GraphiteC
OOxygen
Oโ“˜ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Oโ“˜ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Oโ“˜ AluminiteAl2(SO4)(OH)4 · 7H2O
Oโ“˜ AlunogenAl2(SO4)3 · 17H2O
Oโ“˜ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Oโ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Oโ“˜ CalciteCaCO3
Oโ“˜ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Oโ“˜ DraviteNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Oโ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Oโ“˜ FerrihydriteFe103+O14(OH)2
Oโ“˜ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Oโ“˜ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Oโ“˜ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Oโ“˜ HalotrichiteFeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Oโ“˜ HematiteFe2O3
Oโ“˜ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Oโ“˜ KyaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Oโ“˜ MelanteriteFe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O
Oโ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oโ“˜ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oโ“˜ PickeringiteMgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Oโ“˜ QuartzSiO2
Oโ“˜ RozeniteFeSO4 · 4H2O
Oโ“˜ RutileTiO2
Oโ“˜ SiderotilFeSO4 · 5H2O
Oโ“˜ SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
Oโ“˜ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Oโ“˜ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Oโ“˜ TourmalineAD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
Oโ“˜ Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Oโ“˜ Valleriite(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
Oโ“˜ VesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
Oโ“˜ WollastoniteCa3(Si3O9)
Oโ“˜ SchwertmanniteFe163+(OH,SO4)12-13O16 · 10-12H2O
Oโ“˜ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Oโ“˜ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oโ“˜ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Oโ“˜ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
Oโ“˜ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
FFluorine
Fโ“˜ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Fโ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Fโ“˜ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Fโ“˜ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Fโ“˜ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
NaSodium
Naโ“˜ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Naโ“˜ DraviteNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Naโ“˜ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
MgMagnesium
Mgโ“˜ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Mgโ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Mgโ“˜ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Mgโ“˜ DraviteNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Mgโ“˜ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Mgโ“˜ PickeringiteMgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Mgโ“˜ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Mgโ“˜ Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Mgโ“˜ Valleriite(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
Mgโ“˜ VesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
AlAluminium
Alโ“˜ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Alโ“˜ AluminiteAl2(SO4)(OH)4 · 7H2O
Alโ“˜ AlunogenAl2(SO4)3 · 17H2O
Alโ“˜ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Alโ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Alโ“˜ DraviteNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Alโ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Alโ“˜ HalotrichiteFeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Alโ“˜ KyaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Alโ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alโ“˜ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alโ“˜ PickeringiteMgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Alโ“˜ SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
Alโ“˜ Valleriite(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
Alโ“˜ VesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
Alโ“˜ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Alโ“˜ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alโ“˜ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
SiSilicon
Siโ“˜ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Siโ“˜ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Siโ“˜ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Siโ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Siโ“˜ DraviteNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Siโ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Siโ“˜ KyaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Siโ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siโ“˜ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siโ“˜ QuartzSiO2
Siโ“˜ SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
Siโ“˜ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Siโ“˜ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Siโ“˜ Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Siโ“˜ VesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
Siโ“˜ WollastoniteCa3(Si3O9)
Siโ“˜ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Siโ“˜ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siโ“˜ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Siโ“˜ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
PPhosphorus
Pโ“˜ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Pโ“˜ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
SSulfur
Sโ“˜ AluminiteAl2(SO4)(OH)4 · 7H2O
Sโ“˜ AlunogenAl2(SO4)3 · 17H2O
Sโ“˜ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Sโ“˜ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Sโ“˜ CobaltiteCoAsS
Sโ“˜ CubaniteCuFe2S3
Sโ“˜ GalenaPbS
Sโ“˜ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Sโ“˜ HalotrichiteFeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Sโ“˜ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Sโ“˜ MarcasiteFeS2
Sโ“˜ MelanteriteFe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O
Sโ“˜ MolybdeniteMoS2
Sโ“˜ PickeringiteMgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Sโ“˜ PyriteFeS2
Sโ“˜ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Sโ“˜ RozeniteFeSO4 · 4H2O
Sโ“˜ SiderotilFeSO4 · 5H2O
Sโ“˜ SphaleriteZnS
Sโ“˜ Tennantite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)As4S12S
Sโ“˜ Tetrahedrite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S
Sโ“˜ Valleriite(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
Sโ“˜ SchwertmanniteFe163+(OH,SO4)12-13O16 · 10-12H2O
ClChlorine
Clโ“˜ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Clโ“˜ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Clโ“˜ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
KPotassium
Kโ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Kโ“˜ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Kโ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kโ“˜ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kโ“˜ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CaCalcium
Caโ“˜ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Caโ“˜ CalciteCaCO3
Caโ“˜ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Caโ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Caโ“˜ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Caโ“˜ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Caโ“˜ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Caโ“˜ Tremolite◻Ca2Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Caโ“˜ VesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
Caโ“˜ WollastoniteCa3(Si3O9)
Caโ“˜ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Caโ“˜ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Caโ“˜ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
TiTitanium
Tiโ“˜ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Tiโ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Tiโ“˜ RutileTiO2
Tiโ“˜ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
MnManganese
Mnโ“˜ SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
FeIron
Feโ“˜ Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Feโ“˜ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Feโ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Feโ“˜ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Feโ“˜ CubaniteCuFe2S3
Feโ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Feโ“˜ FerrihydriteFe103+O14(OH)2
Feโ“˜ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Feโ“˜ HalotrichiteFeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Feโ“˜ HematiteFe2O3
Feโ“˜ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Feโ“˜ MarcasiteFeS2
Feโ“˜ MelanteriteFe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O
Feโ“˜ PyriteFeS2
Feโ“˜ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Feโ“˜ RozeniteFeSO4 · 4H2O
Feโ“˜ SiderotilFeSO4 · 5H2O
Feโ“˜ Valleriite(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
Feโ“˜ VesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9
Feโ“˜ SchwertmanniteFe163+(OH,SO4)12-13O16 · 10-12H2O
CoCobalt
Coโ“˜ CobaltiteCoAsS
CuCopper
Cuโ“˜ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Cuโ“˜ CubaniteCuFe2S3
Cuโ“˜ Tennantite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)As4S12S
Cuโ“˜ Tetrahedrite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S
Cuโ“˜ Valleriite(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
ZnZinc
Znโ“˜ SphaleriteZnS
AsArsenic
Asโ“˜ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Asโ“˜ CobaltiteCoAsS
Asโ“˜ Tennantite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)As4S12S
MoMolybdenum
Moโ“˜ MolybdeniteMoS2
SbAntimony
Sbโ“˜ Tetrahedrite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S
PbLead
Pbโ“˜ GalenaPbS

Other Databases

Wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Mine
Wikidata ID:Q5363222

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

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References

archive.org (n.d.) https://archive.org/details/bub_gb__lArAAAAYAAJ/page/n627?q="strafford+copperas"
Howe, Henry M. (1890). Report on the Elizabeth Copper Mine of Strafford, Vermont (Baltimore, MD: Hoffman & Co.)
Weed, Walter H. (1903): Notes on the Copper Mines of Vermont (Contributions to Economic Geology; USGS Bulletin 225)
Weed, Walter H. (1911) Copper deposits of the Appalachian States. Bulletin 455. US Geological Survey 166 pp. doi:10.3133/b455
Jacobs, E. C. (1916): Copper Mining in Vermont; in Report of the State Geologist on the Mineral Industries and Geology of Vermont, pp. 192-195.
Weed, Walter H. (1920): Mines Register, vol. 14, p. 1420.
White, Walter S. (1943) Geology of the Elizabeth Copper Mine, Vermont. Open-File Report Vol. 1943 (42-1) US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr421
McKinstry, Hugh Exton, Mikkola, Aimo K. (1954) The Elizabeth copper mine, Vermont. Economic Geology, 49 (1) 1-30 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.49.1.1
Howard, P. F. (1959) Structure and rock alteration at the Elizabeth Mine, Vermont; Part II, Rock alteration at the Elizabeth Mine. Economic Geology, 54 (8) 1414-1443 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.54.8.1414
Howard, Peter F. (1959) Structure and rock alteration at the Elizabeth Mine, Vermont; Part 1. Economic Geology, 54 (7) 1214-1249 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.54.7.1214
Nicolay & Stone (1967), Rocks & Minerals: A Guide For Collectors of the Eastern US
Howard, P. F. (1969): The Geology of the Elizabeth Mine, Vermont. (Montpelier, VT: Dept. of Water Resources).
Rocks & Minerals (1996): 71: 330.
Hammarstrom, J.M., Meier, A.L., Jackson, J.C., Barden, Ryan, Wormington, P.J., Wormington, J.D., Seal, R.R. (1999) Characterization of mine waste at the Elizabeth Copper Mine, Orange County, Vermont. Open-File Report Vol. 1999 (99-564) US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/ofr99564
United States Army Corps of Engineers (2001): Historical Context and Preliminary Resource Evaluation of the Elizabeth Mine, South Strafford, Orange County, Vermont. (Cambridge, MA: Arthur D. Little, Inc.)
newenglandtowns.org (n.d.) https://newenglandtowns.org/vermont/strafford
www.epa.gov (n.d.) https://www.epa.gov/superfund-redevelopment-initiative/superfund-sites-reuse-vermont
www.onlyinyourstate.com (n.d.) https://www.onlyinyourstate.com/vermont/copper-mine-vt/
www.straffordvt.org (n.d.) https://www.straffordvt.org/about-strafford-1
www.seacoastonline.com (n.d.) https://www.seacoastonline.com/article/20110103/NEWS/110109969
www.loc.gov (n.d.) https://www.loc.gov/item/vt0130/
Slack, John F., Shanks, Wayne C., Woodruff, Laurel G. (2024) Seeing Through Metamorphism: Geochemical and Isotopic Studies of Amphibolite Facies Mafic-Siliciclastic (Besshi-Type) Massive Sulfide Deposits at the Elizabeth Copper Mine, Vermont, USA. Economic Geology, 119 (7). doi:10.5382/econgeo.5106
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