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Thalhammerite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Thalhammerite
Oskar Thalhammer
Formula:
Pd9Ag2Bi2S4
Colour:
Light-yellow to yellowish-brown
Lustre:
Metallic
Specific Gravity:
9.72 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Name:
Named in honor of Oskar A. R. Thalhammer, Professor of Mineralogy and Petrology, University of Leoben, Austria.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
52899
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:52899:1
IMA Classification of Thalhammerite
Approved
Approval year:
2018
First published:
2018
Type description reference:
Vymazalová, Anna, Laufek, František, Sluzhenikin, Sergey, Kozlov, Vladimir, Stanley, Chris, Plášil, Jakub, Zaccarini, Federica, Garuti, Giorgio, Bakker, Ronald (2018) Thalhammerite, Pd9Ag2Bi2S4, a New Mineral from the Talnakh and Oktyabrsk Deposits, Noril’sk Region, Russia. Minerals, 8 (8) 339 doi:10.3390/min8080339
Classification of Thalhammerite
2.BC.45
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
B : Metal Sulfides, M: S > 1: 1 (mainly 2: 1)
C : With Rh, Pd, Pt, etc.
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
B : Metal Sulfides, M: S > 1: 1 (mainly 2: 1)
C : With Rh, Pd, Pt, etc.
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Tha | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Thalhammerite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Light-yellow to yellowish-brown
Tenacity:
Brittle
Density:
9.72 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Thalhammerite
Anisotropism:
Weak
Bireflectance:
Weak
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 (%) | R2 (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 470nm | 41.9% | 43.0% |
| 546nm | 43.9% | 45.1% |
| 589nm | 44.9% | 46.1% |
| 650nm | 46.3% | 47.5% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 47.5%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
Light yellow
Internal Reflections:
None
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
Shades of yellowish-brown
Chemistry of Thalhammerite
Mindat Formula:
Pd9Ag2Bi2S4
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Thalhammerite
Crystal System:
Tetragonal
Class (H-M):
4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) - Ditetragonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:
I4/mmm
Setting:
I4/mmm
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.0266(2) Å, c = 9.1531(2) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 1.14
Unit Cell V:
589.7 ų
Z:
2
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.343 Å | (24) |
| 2.839 Å | (46) |
| 2.5685 Å | (21) |
| 2.412 Å | (100) |
| 2.324 Å | (61) |
| 2.287 Å | (48) |
| 2.220 Å | (29) |
| 2.007 Å | (40) |
| 1.7481 Å | (23) |
| 1.508 Å | (30) |
Reference:
Vymazalová, Anna, Laufek, František, Sluzhenikin, Sergey, Kozlov, Vladimir, Stanley, Chris, Plášil, Jakub, Zaccarini, Federica, Garuti, Giorgio, Bakker, Ronald (2018) Thalhammerite, Pd9Ag2Bi2S4, a New Mineral from the Talnakh and Oktyabrsk Deposits, Noril’sk Region, Russia. Minerals, 8 (8) 339 doi:10.3390/min8080339
Comments:
From Type Description.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Type Occurrence of Thalhammerite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Tiny inclusions, from a few μm up to about 40–50 μm, intergrown in galena, chalcopyrite, and also in bornite.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Type material is deposited in the mineralogical collections of the Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, SW7 5BD London, UK, catalogue No. BM2017,16
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Disseminated sulphide ore
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Vymazalová, Anna, Laufek, František, Sluzhenikin, Sergey, Kozlov, Vladimir, Stanley, Chris, Plášil, Jakub, Zaccarini, Federica, Garuti, Giorgio, Bakker, Ronald (2018) Thalhammerite, Pd9Ag2Bi2S4, a New Mineral from the Talnakh and Oktyabrsk Deposits, Noril’sk Region, Russia. Minerals, 8 (8) 339 doi:10.3390/min8080339
Synonyms of Thalhammerite
Other Language Names for Thalhammerite
Dutch:Thalhammeriet
German:Thalhammerit
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 2 photos of Thalhammerite associated with Galena | PbS |
| 2 photos of Thalhammerite associated with Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| 1 photo of Thalhammerite associated with Vymazalováite | Pd3Bi2S2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 2.BC. | Panskyite | Pd9Ag2Pb2S4 |
| 2.BC. | Fleetite | Cu2RhIrSb2 |
| 2.BC. | Coldwellite | Pd3Ag2S |
| 2.BC. | UM2004-45-Se:AgHgPd | (Ag,Cu)6Hg2Pd2Se3 |
| 2.BC.05 | UM2000-47-S:CuFePdPt | PtPd(Fe,Cu)S |
| 2.BC.05 | Miassite | Rh17S15 |
| 2.BC.05 | Palladseite | Pd17Se15 |
| 2.BC.10 | Oosterboschite | (Pd,Cu)7Se5 |
| 2.BC.15 | Chrisstanleyite | Ag2Pd3Se4 |
| 2.BC.15 | Jagüéite | Cu2Pd3Se4 |
| 2.BC.20 | Keithconnite | Pd20Te7 |
| 2.BC.25 | Vasilite | (Pd,Cu)16(S,Te)7 |
| 2.BC.30 | Telluropalladinite | Pd9Te4 |
| 2.BC.35 | Kojonenite | Pd7-xSnTe2 (0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.8) |
| 2.BC.35 | Luberoite | Pt5Se4 |
| 2.BC.37 | Kravtsovite | PdAg2S |
| 2.BC.40 | Oulankaite | (Pd,Pt)5(Cu,Fe)4SnTe2S2 |
| 2.BC.40 | Lukkulaisvaaraite | Pd14Ag2Te9 |
| 2.BC.42 | Monchetundraite | Pd2NiTe2 |
| 2.BC.45 | Telargpalite | (Pd,Ag)3(Te,Bi) |
| 2.BC.47 | Vymazalováite | Pd3Bi2S2 |
| 2.BC.50 | Temagamite | Pd3HgTe3 |
| 2.BC.55 | Bowlesite | PtSnS |
| 2.BC.55 | Sopcheite | Ag4Pd3Te4 |
| 2.BC.60 | Laflammeite | Pd3Pb2S2 |
| 2.BC.65 | Tischendorfite | Pd8Hg3Se9 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Thalhammerite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-52899.html
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References for Thalhammerite
Reference List:
Hålenius, U., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S. J. (2018) New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2018. Mineralogical Magazine, 82 (2). 445-451 doi:10.1180/mgm.2018.71p.449
Vymazalová, Anna, Laufek, František, Sluzhenikin, Sergey, Kozlov, Vladimir, Stanley, Chris, Plášil, Jakub, Zaccarini, Federica, Garuti, Giorgio, Bakker, Ronald (2018) Thalhammerite, Pd9Ag2Bi2S4, a New Mineral from the Talnakh and Oktyabrsk Deposits, Noril’sk Region, Russia. Minerals, 8 (8) 339 doi:10.3390/min8080339
Localities for Thalhammerite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Russia (TL) | |
| Vymazalová et al. (2018) +1 other reference |
| Vymazalová et al. (2021) |
Komsomol'skii Mine, Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit, Norilsk-Talnakh Mining Region, Taimyr Peninsula, Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia