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Laflammeite
A valid IMA mineral species
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Formula:
Pd3Pb2S2
Colour:
Cream-colored with a brownish tint
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
3½
Specific Gravity:
9.41 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named for Joseph Hector Gilles Laflamme (b. 1947), Canadian mineralogist, of the Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology (CANMET), Ottawa, in recognition of his important contributions to the characterization of platinum-group minerals.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
10743
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:10743:3
IMA Classification of Laflammeite
Approved
Approval year:
2000
First published:
2002
Classification of Laflammeite
2.BC.60
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
B : Metal Sulfides, M: S > 1: 1 (mainly 2: 1)
C : With Rh, Pd, Pt, etc.
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
B : Metal Sulfides, M: S > 1: 1 (mainly 2: 1)
C : With Rh, Pd, Pt, etc.
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Lfl | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Laflammeite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Cream-colored with a brownish tint
Streak:
Dark gray
Hardness:
3½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN50=156 - 185 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect, possibly {010}
Perfect, possibly {010}
Density:
9.41 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Laflammeite
Anisotropism:
Weak, brownish gray to grayish brown
Bireflectance:
weak
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 (%) | R2 (%) | imR1 (%) | imR2 (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 400nm | 44.0% | 45.2% | 30.5% | 31.9% |
| 440nm | 44.9% | 46.0% | 31.4% | 32.55% |
| 470nm | 45.3% | 46.2% | 31.55% | 32.45% |
| 500nm | 45.6% | 46.4% | 31.75% | 32.6% |
| 520nm | 45.9% | 46.8% | 32.1% | 33.05% |
| 546nm | 46.5% | 47.55% | 32.6% | 33.75% |
| 560nm | 46.7% | 47.75% | 32.9% | 34.1% |
| 589nm | 47.7% | 48.8% | 33.9% | 35.05% |
| 620nm | 48.6% | 49.4% | 34.85% | 35.75% |
| 650nm | 49.6% | 50.0% | 36.0% | 36.3% |
| 680nm | 50.55% | 50.15% | 36.8% | 36.6% |
| 700nm | 51.3% | 50.4% | 37.55% | 36.7% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 51.3%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red, imR1 shown in green, imR2 shown in blue
Colour in reflected light:
Cream-colored with a brownish tint
Internal Reflections:
None
Chemistry of Laflammeite
Mindat Formula:
Pd3Pb2S2
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Laflammeite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/m
Setting:
C2/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 11.521(11) Å, b = 8.294(10) Å, c = 8.321(6) Å
β = 134.38(5)°
β = 134.38(5)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.389 : 1 : 1.003
Unit Cell V:
568.28 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Twinning:
Finely twinned
Comment:
: Space Group: C2/m by analogy to parkerite
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 5.953 Å | (60) |
| 4.144 Å | (100) |
| 2.917 Å | (90) |
| 2.413 Å | (80) |
| 2.365 Å | (70) |
| 2.082 Å | (50) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere | >4.45 |
| 12 : Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits (see also #33) | |
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) | |
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 37 : Layered igneous intrusions and related PGE minerals |
Type Occurrence of Laflammeite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Subhedral platelets up to 300 µm in longest dimension.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Canada (CMNMC 83195).
Geological Setting of Type Material:
PGE deposit in altered pyroxenite.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Laflammeite
Other Language Names for Laflammeite
Dutch:Laflammeiet
German:Laflammeit
Simplified Chinese:硫铅钯矿
Spanish:Laflammeita
Traditional Chinese:硫鉛鈀礦
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 2.BC. | Panskyite | Pd9Ag2Pb2S4 |
| 2.BC. | Fleetite | Cu2RhIrSb2 |
| 2.BC. | Coldwellite | Pd3Ag2S |
| 2.BC. | 'UM2004-45-Se:AgHgPd' | (Ag,Cu)6Hg2Pd2Se3 |
| 2.BC.05 | 'UM2000-47-S:CuFePdPt' | PtPd(Fe,Cu)S |
| 2.BC.05 | Miassite | Rh17S15 |
| 2.BC.05 | Palladseite | Pd17Se15 |
| 2.BC.10 | Oosterboschite | (Pd,Cu)7Se5 |
| 2.BC.15 | Chrisstanleyite | Ag2Pd3Se4 |
| 2.BC.15 | Jagüéite | Cu2Pd3Se4 |
| 2.BC.20 | Keithconnite | Pd20Te7 |
| 2.BC.25 | Vasilite | (Pd,Cu)16(S,Te)7 |
| 2.BC.30 | Telluropalladinite | Pd9Te4 |
| 2.BC.35 | Kojonenite | Pd7-xSnTe2 (0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.8) |
| 2.BC.35 | Luberoite | Pt5Se4 |
| 2.BC.37 | Kravtsovite | PdAg2S |
| 2.BC.40 | Oulankaite | (Pd,Pt)5(Cu,Fe)4SnTe2S2 |
| 2.BC.40 | Lukkulaisvaaraite | Pd14Ag2Te9 |
| 2.BC.42 | Monchetundraite | Pd2NiTe2 |
| 2.BC.45 | Telargpalite | (Pd,Ag)3(Te,Bi) |
| 2.BC.45 | Thalhammerite | Pd9Ag2Bi2S4 |
| 2.BC.47 | Vymazalováite | Pd3Bi2S2 |
| 2.BC.50 | Temagamite | Pd3HgTe3 |
| 2.BC.55 | Bowlesite | PtSnS |
| 2.BC.55 | Sopcheite | Ag4Pd3Te4 |
| 2.BC.65 | Tischendorfite | Pd8Hg3Se9 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Laflammeite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-10743.html
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References for Laflammeite
Reference List:
Barkov, A. Y., Martin, R. F., Halkoaho, T. A.A., Criddle, A. J. (2002) Laflammeite, Pd3Pb2S2, a new platinum-group mineral species from the Penikat layered complex, Finland. The Canadian Mineralogist, 40 (2) 671-678 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.40.2.671
Localities for Laflammeite
Showing 10 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Canada | |
| McDonald et al. (2015) |
| Good et al. (2017) | |
| EcoMetrix Reort for Stillwater Canada Inc (2012) |
Finland (TL) | |
| Barkov et al. (2002) +1 other reference |
Russia | |
| Anatoly Kasatkin analytical data |
| - (2014) |
| Ivanov et al. (2020, July) |
| Vymazalová et al. (2021) | |
| Groshev +7 other references | |
| Karimova et al. (2016) |
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