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Blueridgeite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Blueridgeite
Formula:
[Pb8Zn3Cu2+(OH)16](SO4)2(S2O3)2 · 2H2O
Colour:
pale to deep 'cornflower' blue
Lustre:
Vitreous, Greasy
Hardness:
2½
Specific Gravity:
5.054 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named for the Blue Ridge mountains, where the type locality is.
Blueridgeite is structurally and chemically related to cherokeeite and cuprocherokeeite, sharing the cherokeeite cubane-like chain motif with Cu-Zn ordering identical to that of cuprocherokeeite. It is a very rare example of a mineral with distinct crystallographic sites for essential sulfate (SO4) and thiosulfate (S2O3) constituents (compare boevskite).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
471932
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:471932:4
Classification of Blueridgeite
IMA Classification of Blueridgeite
Approved
IMA Formula:
[Pb2+8Zn2+3Cu2+(OH)16](S6+O4)2(S6+O3S2-)2·2H2O
Approval year:
2024
Approval history:
(IMA2024-071)
Type description reference:
7.DF.X
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
F : With large and medium-sized cations
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
F : With large and medium-sized cations
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Blrg | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Blueridgeite
Vitreous, Greasy
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Pale to deep 'cornflower' blue
Comment:
Color caused by Cu2+ in ~square planar configuration, enabling d-orbital splitting and the absorption of orange light.
Hardness:
2½ on Mohs scale
Hardness Data:
Measured
Comment:
Based on scratch tests
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Good on {001}
Good on {001}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
5.054 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
Calculated density for ideal formula
Optical Data of Blueridgeite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.80(1) nβ = 1.84 nγ = 1.93
2V:
Measured: 70° (5)
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.130
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
r < v strong
Orientation:
X = b
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic
Comments:
Beta and gamma were calculated, as the poor crystal quality impeded their measurement.
Chemistry of Blueridgeite
Mindat Formula:
[Pb8Zn3Cu2+(OH)16](SO4)2(S2O3)2 · 2H2O
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Blueridgeite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/c
Setting:
P21/c
Cell Parameters:
a = 12.1530(7) Å, b = 14.4758(7) Å, c = 11.0034(6) Å
β = 116.212(3)°
β = 116.212(3)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.84 : 1 : 0.76
Unit Cell V:
1,736.70 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
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Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
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CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
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Rotation
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Labels
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M12035 | Blueridgeite | Emproto, C., Olds, T. A., Kampf, A. R., Smith, J. B., Ma, C., & Hughes, J. M. (2025) New Minerals from the Redmond Mine, North Carolina, USA: X. Blueridgeite, a New Example of the Lead Cubane Chain Topology. The Canadian Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology, 63(4), 397-409. | ![]() | 2025 | Redmond Mine, North Carolina, USA | 0 | 298 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 5.449 Å | (90) |
| 4.899 Å | (52) |
| 4.653 Å | (48) |
| 3.397 Å | (52) |
| 3.097 Å | (100) |
| 2.991 Å | (30) |
| 2.707 Å | (69) |
| 2.421 Å | (33) |
Type Occurrence of Blueridgeite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Compact submillimetric spheres with rhombohedral terminations.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Cotype material is deposited in the collections of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA, catalogue numbers 76450, 76451 and 76452
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Occurs in a highly unusual secondary assemblage consisting of rare Pb-Zn-Cu sulfates, thiosulfates, and carbonates.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Blueridgeite
Other Language Names for Blueridgeite
Dutch:Blueridgeiet
German:Blueridgeit
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 4 photos of Blueridgeite associated with Elyite | Pb4Cu(SO4)O2(OH)4 · H2O |
| 2 photos of Blueridgeite associated with Bechererite | Zn7Cu(OH)13[(SiO(OH)3(SO4)] |
| 1 photo of Blueridgeite associated with Cuprocherokeeite | [Pb8Zn3Cu2+(OH)16](SO4)4 · 4H2O |
| 1 photo of Blueridgeite associated with Chenite | Pb4Cu(SO4)2(OH)6 |
| 1 photo of Blueridgeite associated with Steverustite | Pb2+5(OH)5[Cu+(S6+O3S2-)3](H2O)2 |
| 1 photo of Blueridgeite associated with Siligiite | [Pb(H2O)5(SO4)][Zn9(OH)18] |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 7.DF. | Siligiite | [Pb(H2O)5(SO4)][Zn9(OH)18] |
| 7.DF. | Alcaparrosaite | K3Ti4+Fe3+(SO4)4O(H2O)2 |
| 7.DF. | Flaggite | Pb4Cu2+4Te6+2(SO4)2O11(OH)2(H2O) |
| 7.DF. | Bairdite | Pb2Cu2+4Te6+2O10(OH)2(SO4) · H2O |
| 7.DF. | Tzeferisite | CaZn8(SO4)2(OH)12Cl2(H2O)9 |
| 7.DF. | Cherokeeite | [Pb2Zn(OH)4](SO4) · H2O |
| 7.DF. | Ammoniomathesiusite | (NH4)5(UO2)4(SO4)4(VO5) · 4H2O |
| 7.DF. | Sigogglinite | [Pb6Zn(OH)8]2(SO4)6 · (H2O)8-x |
| 7.DF. | Erssonite | Mg7Fe3+2(OH)18[Ca(H2O)6](SO4)2 · 12H2O |
| 7.DF. | Poellmannite | Ca6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](SO4)2 · 6H2O |
| 7.DF. | Carlsonite | (NH4)5Fe3+3O(SO4)6 · 7H2O |
| 7.DF. | Cuprocherokeeite | [Pb8Zn3Cu2+(OH)16](SO4)4 · 4H2O |
| 7.DF. | Haywoodite | [Pb(H2O)10][Zn12(OH)20(H2O)(SO4)3] |
| 7.DF. | Chromschieffelinite | Pb10Te6+6O20(OH)14(CrO4)(H2O)5 |
| 7.DF.05 | Uklonskovite | NaMg(SO4)F · 2H2O |
| 7.DF.10 | Kainite | KMg(SO4)Cl · 3H2O |
| 7.DF.10 | Kaliochalcite | KCu2(SO4)2[(OH)(H2O)] |
| 7.DF.15 | Natrochalcite | NaCu2(SO4)2(OH) · 2H2O |
| 7.DF.17 | Genplesite | Ca3Sn(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| 7.DF.17 | 'Unnamed (Ba-Sb Silicate-Sulphate-Hydroxide-Hydrate)' | Ba3Sb5+[(Si,S)O3(OH)]2(OH,O)6 · 3H2O |
| 7.DF.20 | Sideronatrite | Na2Fe(SO4)2(OH) · 3H2O |
| 7.DF.20 | Metasideronatrite | Na2Fe(SO4)2(OH) · H2O |
| 7.DF.25 | Fleischerite | Pb3Ge(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| 7.DF.25 | Mallestigite | Pb3Sb5+(SO4)(AsO4)(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| 7.DF.25 | Schaurteite | Ca3Ge(SO4)2(OH)6 · 4H2O |
| 7.DF.25 | Despujolsite | Ca3Mn4+(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| 7.DF.30 | Slavíkite | (H3O+)3Mg6Fe15(SO4)21(OH)18 · 98H2O |
| 7.DF.35 | Metavoltine | K2Na6Fe2+Fe3+6O2(SO4)12 · 18H2O |
| 7.DF.40 | Lannonite | Mg2Ca4Al4(SO4)8F8 · 24H2O |
| 7.DF.40 | Vlodavetsite | AlCa2(SO4)2F2Cl · 4H2O |
| 7.DF.45 | Peretaite | Ca(SbO)4(SO4)2(OH)2 · 2H2O |
| 7.DF.50 | Gordaite | NaZn4(SO4)(OH)6Cl · 6H2O |
| 7.DF.50 | Calamaite | Na2TiO(SO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 7.DF.52 | Huizingite-(Al) | [(NH4)9(SO4)2][(Al,Fe3+)3(OH)2(H2O)4(SO4)6] |
| 7.DF.52 | Scordariite | K8(Fe3+0.67◻0.33)[Fe3+3O(SO4)6]2 · 14H2O |
| 7.DF.55 | Clairite | (NH4)2Fe3(SO4)4(OH)3 · 3H2O |
| 7.DF.55 | Giacovazzoite | K5Fe3+3O(SO4)6 · 10H2O |
| 7.DF.57 | Magnanelliite | K3Fe3+2(SO4)4(OH)(H2O)2 |
| 7.DF.60 | Arzrunite | Cu4Pb2(SO4)(OH)4Cl6 · 2H2O (?) |
| 7.DF.60 | Evdokimovite | Tl4(VO)3(SO4)5(H2O)5 |
| 7.DF.62 | Bridgesite-(Ce) | CaCe2Cu6(SO4)4(OH)12 · 8H2O |
| 7.DF.65 | Elyite | Pb4Cu(SO4)O2(OH)4 · H2O |
| 7.DF.70 | Yecoraite | Fe3+3Bi5(Te6+O4)2(Te4+O3)O9 · 9H2O |
| 7.DF.70 | Lautenthalite | PbCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| 7.DF.75 | Riomarinaite | Bi(SO4)(OH) · H2O |
| 7.DF.80 | Dukeite | Bi3+24Cr6+8O57(OH)6 · 3H2O |
Other Information
Magnetism:
Non-Magnetic
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Blueridgeite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-471932.html
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Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Blueridgeite
Localities for Blueridgeite
Showing 1 localities.
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
USA (TL) | |
| Emproto et al. (2025) |
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The
Redmond Mine, Waterville Lake, Haywood County, North Carolina, USA