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Pauladamsite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Pauladamsite
Paul M. Adams
Formula:
Cu4(SeO3)(SO4)(OH)4 · 2H2O
Colour:
green
Lustre:
Vitreous, Silky
Hardness:
2
Specific Gravity:
3.535 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Name:
Named in honor of Paul M. Adams (b. 1954) who discovered/collected the mineral. Mr. Adams has a B.S. in geology from the State University of New York at Albany (1976) and an M.S. in geology from the University of Southern California (1979). He has been employed as a spectroscopist and microscopist in the aerospace industry for 36 years and has been field collecting minerals for over 40 years. He authored/coauthored the description of more than a dozen new minerals and the structure of several more.
New structure type. Chemically somewhat similar to munakataite.
Crystal structure details: (1) four different CuO6 octahedra, edge-sharing to form 5-octahedra-wide bands along [100]; (2) SO4 tetrahedra; (3) SeO3 pyramids. The neighbouring bands are connected along [011] by bridging sulfate groups, and along [011] by bridging selenate groups.
Crystal structure details: (1) four different CuO6 octahedra, edge-sharing to form 5-octahedra-wide bands along [100]; (2) SO4 tetrahedra; (3) SeO3 pyramids. The neighbouring bands are connected along [011] by bridging sulfate groups, and along [011] by bridging selenate groups.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
46621
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:46621:1
IMA Classification of Pauladamsite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Cu2+4(Se4+O3)(S6+O4)(OH)4(H2O)2
Approval year:
2015
First published:
2015
Classification of Pauladamsite
7.DC.40
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
C : With only medium-sized cations; chains of edge-sharing octahedra
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
C : With only medium-sized cations; chains of edge-sharing octahedra
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Pad | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Pauladamsite
Vitreous, Silky
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Green
Streak:
Pale green
Hardness:
2 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
{001}
{001}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
3.535 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Pauladamsite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.667 nβ = 1.723(2) nγ = 1.743(2)
2V:
Measured: 60° (2)
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.076
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
strong r > v
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
X light yellowish green, Y bluish green, Z nearly colorless
Chemistry of Pauladamsite
Mindat Formula:
Cu4(SeO3)(SO4)(OH)4 · 2H2O
Element Weights:
Common Impurities:
Zn
Crystallography of Pauladamsite
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Class (H-M):
1 - Pinacoidal
Space Group:
P1
Setting:
P1
Cell Parameters:
a = 6.0742(7) Å, b = 8.415(1) Å, c = 10.780(1) Å
α = 103.665(7)°, β = 95.224(7)°, γ = 90.004(6)°
α = 103.665(7)°, β = 95.224(7)°, γ = 90.004(6)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.722 : 1 : 1.281
Unit Cell V:
533.06 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M12040 | Pauladamsite | Kampf, A. R., Mills, S. J., Nash, B. P. (2016) Mineralogical Magazine, 80 (6) 949-958 |  | 2016 | Santa Rosa mine, Darwin district, California, USA | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 10.5 Å | (100) |
| 5.81 Å | (50) |
| 3.994 Å | (67) |
| 3.431 Å | (23) |
| 2.692 Å | (57) |
| 2.485 Å | (39) |
| 2.396 Å | (32) |
| 1.513 Å | (20) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47b : [Sulfates and sulfites] | |
| 47d : [Arsenates, antimonates, selenates, bismuthinates] |
Type Occurrence of Pauladamsite
General Appearance of Type Material:
The blades are elongate on [100] and flattened on {001}, and are up to 0.5 mm long in radial sprays.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Co-type material is deposited in the collections of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA, catalogue numbers 65569, 65570, 65571, 65572 and 65573
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Oxidized lead calc-silicate skarn; limonitic gossan
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Pauladamsite
Other Language Names for Pauladamsite
Dutch:Pauladamsiet
German:Pauladamsit
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 4 photos of Pauladamsite associated with Devilline | CaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O |
| 2 photos of Pauladamsite associated with Chalcomenite | CuSeO3 · 2H2O |
| 2 photos of Pauladamsite associated with Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| 1 photo of Pauladamsite associated with Volborthite | Cu3(V2O7)(OH)2 · 2H2O |
| 1 photo of Pauladamsite associated with Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 7.DC.05 | Meta-aluminite | Al2(SO4)(OH)4 · 5H2O |
| 7.DC.05 | Aluminite | Al2(SO4)(OH)4 · 7H2O |
| 7.DC.10 | Parabutlerite | Fe3+(SO4)(OH) · 2H2O |
| 7.DC.10 | Butlerite | Fe3+(SO4)(OH) · 2H2O |
| 7.DC.15 | Fibroferrite | Fe3+(SO4)(OH) · 5H2O |
| 7.DC.20 | Xitieshanite | Fe3+(SO4)Cl · 6H2O |
| 7.DC.25 | Zincobotryogen | (Zn,Mg,Mn2+)Fe3+(SO4)2(OH) · 7H2O |
| 7.DC.25 | Botryogen | MgFe3+(SO4)2(OH) · 7H2O |
| 7.DC.30 | Chaidamuite | ZnFe3+(SO4)2(OH) · 4H2O |
| 7.DC.30 | Guildite | CuFe3+(SO4)2(OH) · 4H2O |
| 7.DC.45 | Riotintoite | Al(SO4)(OH) · 3H2O |
| 7.DC.50 | Thorneite | Pb6(Te6+2O10)(CO3)Cl2(H2O) |
| 7.DC.55 | Vendidaite | Al2(SO4)(OH)3Cl · 6H2O |
Fluorescence of Pauladamsite
none
Other Information
Notes:
rapidly soluble in room-temperature, dilute HCl.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Pauladamsite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-46621.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Pauladamsite
Reference List:
Hålenius, U., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S. J. (2015) New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2015, CNMNC Newsletter No 25. Mineralogical Magazine, 79 (3) 529-535 doi:10.1180/minmag.2015.079.3.02
Localities for Pauladamsite
Showing 4 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Germany | |
| Witzke et al. (1998) |
USA (TL) | |
| Kampf et al. (2016) +1 other reference |
| Kampf et al. (2018) |
| Carnegie Museum of Natural History ... |
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San Miguel County, Colorado, USA