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Sakhaite

A valid IMA mineral species

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Sakhaite, etc.

Titovskoe B deposit, Tas-Khayakhtakh Range, Dogdo River Basin, Polar Yakutia, Sakha, Russia

Sakhaite

Titovskoe B deposit, Tas-Khayakhtakh Range, Dogdo River Basin, Polar Yakutia, Sakha, Russia

Sakhaite

Titovskoe B deposit, Tas-Khayakhtakh Range, Dogdo River Basin, Polar Yakutia, Sakha, Russia

Sakhaite, etc.

Titovskoe B deposit, Tas-Khayakhtakh Range, Dogdo River Basin, Polar Yakutia, Sakha, Russia

Sakhaite

Titovskoe B deposit, Tas-Khayakhtakh Range, Dogdo River Basin, Polar Yakutia, Sakha, Russia

Sakhaite

Titovskoe B deposit, Tas-Khayakhtakh Range, Dogdo River Basin, Polar Yakutia, Sakha, Russia

Sakhaite, etc.

Titovskoe B deposit, Tas-Khayakhtakh Range, Dogdo River Basin, Polar Yakutia, Sakha, Russia

Sakhaite

Titovskoe B deposit, Tas-Khayakhtakh Range, Dogdo River Basin, Polar Yakutia, Sakha, Russia

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About SakhaiteHide

Sunset at Lake Kucherla

Lake Kucherla, Ust-Koksinsky District, Altai Republic, Russia

Formula:

Ca₄₈Mg₁₆(BO₃)₃₂(CO₃)₁₆ · 2(H₂O,HCl)

Formerly given as Ca₁₂Mg₄(BO₃)₇(CO₃)₄(OH)₂Cl

Evans et al. (2018) give the formula as ~Ca₄₈Mg₁₆(BO₃)₃₂(CO₃)₁₆(HCl,H₂O)₂

Finally accepted formula is given above.

Colour:

Colourless, gray to grayish white

Lustre:

Greasy

Hardness:

Specific Gravity:

2.78 - 2.83

Crystal System:

Isometric

Name:

From Sakha, the name for Siberia in the language of Yakutsk.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Titovskoe B deposit, Tas-Khayakhtakh Range, Dogdo River Basin, Polar Yakutia, Sakha, Russia

Structurally related to harkerite with which it forms a solid solution (Sakhaite-Harkerite solid solution). Also chemically and structurally (at least in terms of the crystal system) related to UM1990-59-SiO:AlBCHMg.

Seems to be (in particular) a hydrochloride (chlorhydrate).

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

3504

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:3504:6

IMA Classification of SakhaiteHide

IMA status:

Approved

IMA status notes:

Redefined by the IMA

IMA Formula:

Ca₄₈Mg₁₆(BO₃)₃₂(CO₃)₁₆·2(H₂O,HCl)

Approval year:

1965

First published:

1966

Approval history:

Formula redefined due to the data from the Newsletter #60 (Miyawaki et al. 2021).

Type description reference:

Ostrovskaya I.V., Pertsev N.N., Nikitina I.B. (1966) Sakhaite, a new carbonate-borate of calcium and magnesium. Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva: 95(2): 193-202.

Classification of SakhaiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

6.AB.65

6 : BORATES
A : Monoborates
B : BO₃, with additional anions; 1(D) + OH, etc.

Dana 8th ed.:

27.1.4.1

27 : COMPOUND BORATES
1 : Miscellaneous

Hey's CIM Ref.:

10.4.4

10 : Borates with other anions
4 : Borates with carbonate

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Skh	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of SakhaiteHide

Lustre:

Greasy

Transparency:

Transparent

Colour:

Colourless, gray to grayish white

Hardness:

5 on Mohs scale

Density:

2.78 - 2.83 g/cm³ (Measured) 2.79 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of SakhaiteHide

Type:

Isotropic

RI values:

n = 1.638 - 1.641

Surface Relief:

High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).

This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral colouration.

Focus:

In focus

Chemistry of SakhaiteHide

Mindat Formula:

Ca₄₈Mg₁₆(BO₃)₃₂(CO₃)₁₆ · 2(H₂O,HCl)

Formerly given as Ca₁₂Mg₄(BO₃)₇(CO₃)₄(OH)₂Cl

Evans et al. (2018) give the formula as ~Ca₄₈Mg₁₆(BO₃)₃₂(CO₃)₁₆(HCl,H₂O)₂

Finally accepted formula is given above.

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
O	45.002 %
Ca	37.061 %
Mg	7.492 %
B	6.665 %
C	3.702 %
H	0.078 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

B, C, Ca, Cl, H, Mg, O - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of SakhaiteHide

Crystal System:

Isometric

Class (H-M):

m3m(4/m32/m) - Hexoctahedral

Space Group:

Fd3m

Cell Parameters:

a = 14.685(3) Å

Unit Cell V:

3,166.81 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0012390	Sakhaite	Yakubovich O V, Steele I M, Gavrilenko P G, Urusov V S (2005) Crystal structure of sakhaite from the Solongo deposit in connection with the crystal chemical interpretation of the sakhaite-harkerite mineral series Crystallography Reports 50 226-234		2005	Solongo deposit, Vitim Plateau, Buryatia, Zabaykalye, Russia	0	293
0012459	Sakhaite	Yakubovich O V, Egorov-Tismenko Y K, Simonov M A, Belov N V (1978) Crystal structure of natural sakhaite Ca3Mg[BO3]2[CO3]0.36H2O* Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 239 1103-1106		1978		0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Sakhaite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Yakubovich O V'
'Steele I M'
'Gavrilenko P G'
'Urusov V S'
_journal_name_full 'Crystallography Reports'
_journal_volume 50 
_journal_year 2005
_journal_page_first 226
_journal_page_last 234
_publ_section_title
;
 Crystal structure of sakhaite from the Solongo deposit in connection with
 the crystal chemical interpretation of the sakhaite-harkerite mineral series
;
_database_code_amcsd 0012390
_chemical_compound_source 'Solongo deposit, Vitim Plateau, Buryatia, Zabaykalye, Russia'
_chemical_formula_sum '(Mg1.649 Fe.351) Ca6 C2 B3.51 Si.49 Al.12 O18.888 Cl.408 H.816'
_cell_length_a 14.679
_cell_length_b 14.679
_cell_length_c 14.679
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 3162.929
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      2.926
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'F d 3 m'
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loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
Mg   0.00000   0.50000   0.00000   0.82460   0.00880
Fe   0.00000   0.50000   0.00000   0.17540   0.00880
Ca   0.12500   0.37706   0.12500   1.00000   0.02490
C   0.25000   0.25000   0.00000   1.00000   0.06200
B  -0.03510   0.28510  -0.03510   0.87740   0.01200
Si  -0.01170   0.26170  -0.01170   0.12260   0.01200
Al   0.37500   0.37500  -0.12500   0.12000   0.06000
O1   0.00590   0.36030   0.00590   0.88000   0.02220
O1*  -0.00500   0.37000  -0.00500   0.12000   0.02220
O2   0.22960   0.33300   0.02040   0.50000   0.06400
O3   0.44200   0.30800  -0.05800   0.12000   0.06000
Wat4   0.35000   0.40000  -0.15000   0.10200   0.13000
Clhcl   0.35000   0.40000  -0.15000   0.10200   0.13000

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
2.58 Å	(100)
2.108 Å	(56)
5.16 Å	(22)
1.827 Å	(21)
1.951 Å	(14)
2.81 Å	(13)
1.491 Å	(12)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism
31 : Thermally altered carbonate, phosphate, and iron formations

Type Occurrence of SakhaiteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Titovskoe B deposit, Tas-Khayakhtakh Range, Dogdo River Basin, Polar Yakutia, Sakha, Russia

General Appearance of Type Material:

Massive, in veinlets.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

A.E. Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, number 67237.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Found at the contact of a Mesozoic granitic massif with Middle and Lower Paleozoic dolomites. Occurs in lens-like bodies formed by the partial or complete replacement of kotoite marbles.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Borcarite	Calcite	Clinohumite	Forsterite	Kotoite
Ludwigite	Sphalerite	Spinel	Suanite	Szaibélyite

Reference:

Ostrovskaya I.V., Pertsev N.N., Nikitina I.B. (1966) Sakhaite, a new carbonate-borate of calcium and magnesium. Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva: 95(2): 193-202.

Synonyms of SakhaiteHide

IMA1965-035

Other Language Names for SakhaiteHide

Dutch:Sakhaiet

German:Sakhait

Russian:Сахаит

Simplified Chinese:碳硼钙镁石
萨哈石

Spanish:Sakhaita

Traditional Chinese:碳硼鈣鎂石
薩哈石

Relationship of Sakhaite to other SpeciesHide

Forms a series with:

Harkerite

Sakhaite-Harkerite solid solution

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

8 photos of Sakhaite associated with Ludwigite	Mg₂Fe³⁺(BO₃)O₂
6 photos of Sakhaite associated with Olshanskyite	Ca₂[B₃O₃(OH)₆](OH) · 3H₂O
2 photos of Sakhaite associated with Kurchatovite	Ca(Mg,Mn²⁺)[B₂O₅]
1 photo of Sakhaite associated with Löllingite	FeAs₂
1 photo of Sakhaite associated with Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

6.AB.	Chubarovite	KZn₂(BO₃)Cl₂	Trig. 32 : R32
6.AB.	Rhabdoborite-(Mo)	Mg₁₂Mo⁶⁺_1.33O₆(BO₃)₆F₂	Hex. 6 : P6₃
6.AB.05	Hambergite	Be₂(BO₃)(OH)	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
6.AB.10	Berborite	Be₂(BO₃)(OH) · H₂O	Trig.
6.AB.15	Jeremejevite	Al₆(BO₃)₅(F,OH)₃	Hex. 6/m : P6₃/m
6.AB.20	Yuanfuliite	Mg(Fe³⁺,Al)O(BO₃)	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
6.AB.20	Warwickite	(Mg,Ti,Fe,Al)₂O(BO₃)	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
6.AB.25	Karlite	(Mg,Al)_6.5(BO₃)₃(OH)₄(◻,Cl)_0.5	Orth. 222 : P2₁2₁2
6.AB.30	Marinaite	Cu₂Fe³⁺O₂(BO₃)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/c
6.AB.30	Savelievaite	Mg₂Cr³⁺O₂(BO₃)	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbam
6.AB.30	Fredrikssonite	Mg₂Mn³⁺O₂(BO₃)	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbam
6.AB.30	Vonsenite	Fe²⁺₂Fe³⁺(BO₃)O₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbam
6.AB.30	Ludwigite	Mg₂Fe³⁺(BO₃)O₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbam
6.AB.30	Azoproite	(Mg,Fe²⁺)₂(Fe³⁺,Ti,Mg)(BO₃)O₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbam
6.AB.30	Bonaccordite	Ni₂Fe³⁺(BO₃)O₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbam
6.AB.35	Folvikite	Sb⁵⁺Mn³⁺(Mg,Mn²⁺)₁₀O₈(BO₃)₄	Mon. 2 : P2
6.AB.35	Pinakiolite	(Mg,Mn²⁺)₂Mn³⁺(BO₃)O₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
6.AB.40	Takéuchiite	(Mg,Mn²⁺)₂(Mn³⁺,Fe³⁺)(BO₃)O₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm
6.AB.40	Blatterite	Sb⁵⁺₃(Mn³⁺,Fe³⁺)₉(Mn²⁺,Mg)₃₅(BO₃)₁₆O₃₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm
6.AB.40	Orthopinakiolite	(Mg,Mn²⁺)₂Mn³⁺(BO₃)O₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm
6.AB.40	Chestermanite	Mg₂(Fe³⁺,Mn³⁺,Al,Sb³⁺)(BO₃)O₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
6.AB.45	Aluminomagnesiohulsite	(Mg,Fe²⁺)₂(Al,Mg,Sn)(BO₃)O₂	Mon. 2/m : P2/c
6.AB.45	Hulsite	Fe²⁺₂Fe³⁺O₂(BO₃)	Mon. 2/m : P2/c
6.AB.45	Magnesiohulsite	Mg₂Fe³⁺O₂(BO₃)	Mon. 2/m : P2/c
6.AB.50	Fluoborite	Mg₃(BO₃)(F,OH)₃	Hex. 6/m : P6₃/m
6.AB.50	Hydroxylborite	Mg₃(BO₃)(OH)₃	Hex. 6/m : P6₃/m
6.AB.55	Shabynite	Mg₅(BO₃)(OH)₅(Cl,OH)₂ · 4H₂O	Mon.
6.AB.55	Wightmanite	Mg₅(BO₃)O(OH)₅ · 2H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
6.AB.60	Gaudefroyite	Ca₄Mn³⁺_2-3(BO₃)₃(CO₃)(O,OH)₃	Hex.
6.AB.70	Harkerite	Ca₄₈Mg₁₆[AlSi₄O₁₅(OH)]₄(BO₃)₁₆(CO₃)₁₆ · 2(H₂O,HCl)	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
6.AB.75	Pertsevite-(F)	Mg₂(BO₃)(F,OH)	Orth. mm2 : Pna2₁
6.AB.75	Pertsevite-(OH)	Mg₂(BO₃)(OH)	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
6.AB.80	Jacquesdietrichite	Cu₂(H₂BO₃)(OH)₃	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pmna
6.AB.85	Rhabdoborite-(V)	Mg₁₂(V⁵⁺,Mo⁶⁺,W⁶⁺)_1.5O₆{[BO₃]_6-x[(P,As)O₄]_xF_2-x} (x < 1)	Hex. 6 : P6₃
6.AB.85	Rhabdoborite-(W)	Mg₁₂(W⁶⁺,V⁵⁺)_1.5O₆{[BO₃]_6-x[(P,As)O₄]_xF_2-x}	Hex. 6 : P6₃
6.AB.85	Painite	CaZrAl₉(BO₃)O₁₅	Hex. 6/m : P6₃/m
6.AB.90	Mengxianminite	(Ca,Na)₂Sn₂(Mg,Fe)₃Al₈[(BO₃)(BeO₄)O₆]₂	Orth. mm2 : Fdd2

Other InformationHide

IR Spectrum:

The IR absorption spectrum indicates the presence of BO3 groups, but not of tetrahedral BO4-groups; the presence of strong hydrogen bonding is also indicated.

Thermal Behaviour:

DTA shows a double endothermic peak in the interval 670°-870°, corresponding to the loss of C02; dehydration occurs in the interval 340-450°.

Notes:

Readily soluble in acids, including acetic acid.

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

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References for SakhaiteHide

Reference List:

Soviet Physics – Doklady: 23: 225-226.

Ostrovskaya I.V., Pertsev N.N., Nikitina I.B. (1966) Sakhaite, a new carbonate-borate of calcium and magnesium. Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva: 95(2): 193-202. (in Russian)

Fleischer, Michael (1966) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 51 (11-12) 1815-1820 p.1817

Ostrovskaya I.V., Pertsev N.N., Nikitina I.B. (1966) Sakhaite, a new carbonate-borate of calcium and magnesium. Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva: 95(2): 193-202.

Fleischer, Michael (1969) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 54 (1-2) 326-330

Davies, W. O.; Machin, M. P. (1970) Isomorphous replacements in harkerite and the relation of sakhaite to harkerite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 10 (4). p.689-695.

Giuseppetti, Giuseppe, Mazzi, Fiorenzo, Tadini, Carla (1977) The crystal structure of harkerite. American Mineralogist, 62 (3-4) 263-272

Yakubovich, O.V., Egorov-Tismenko, Y.K., Simonov, M.A., Belov, N.V. (1978) Crystal structure of natural sakhaite Ca3Mg[BO3]2[CO3]·0.36H2O. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR: 239: 1103-1106.

Dunn, Pete J., Peacor, Donald R., Nelen, Joseph A., Ramik, Robert A., Innes, John (1990) A sakhaite-like mineral from the Kombat Mine in Namibia. Mineralogical Magazine, 54 (374) 105-108 doi:10.1180/minmag.1990.054.374.11

Grew, Edward S.; Anovitz, Lawrence M. - Eds. (1996) Boron - Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry. Reviews in Mineralogy Vol. 33. Mineralogical Society of America p.862

Liu, X., Yang, G., Zou, H., Qu, J., Zhao, W. (2004) Electron microscopy study of the sakhaite from endogenous borate deposit in Hunan, China. Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences): 47(3): 232-238.

Yakubovich, O. V., Still, I. M., Gavrilenko, P. G., Urusov, V. S. (2005) Crystal structure of sakhaite from the Solongo deposit in connection with the crystallochemical interpretation of the sakhaite-harkerite mineral series. Crystallography Reports, 50 (2) 194-202 doi:10.1134/1.1887893

(2005) Sakhaite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Frost, Ray L., Xi, Yunfei (2012) Assessment of the molecular structure of the borate mineral sakhaite Ca₁₂Mg₄(BO₃)₇(CO₃)₄Cl(OH)₂·H₂O using vibrational spectroscopy. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 96. 611-616 doi:10.1016/j.saa.2012.07.042

Evans, R. James, Groat, Lee A., Cempírek, Jan, Škoda, Radek, Grew, Edward S., Bernard, Cyrielle (2018) The crystal chemistry of the sakhaite–harkerite solid solution. American Mineralogist, 103 (11) 1749-1760

Sakhaite

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