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Lindbergite

A valid IMA mineral species
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08274140017272470873182.jpg
Lindbergite

Molinello Mine, Ne, Genoa, Liguria, Italy
00965500017272470881413.jpg
Lindbergite

Clara Mine, Oberwolfach, Ortenaukreis, Freiburg Region, Baden-WĂŒrttemberg, Germany
07551160017272470884470.jpg
Lindbergite, etc.

Boca Rica claim, Sapucaia do Norte, Galiléia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
07755630017866582768512.jpg
Lindbergite

Molinello Mine, Ne, Genoa, Liguria, Italy
00965500017272470881413.jpg
Lindbergite

Clara Mine, Oberwolfach, Ortenaukreis, Freiburg Region, Baden-WĂŒrttemberg, Germany
07551160017272470884470.jpg
Lindbergite, etc.

Boca Rica claim, Sapucaia do Norte, Galiléia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
07343740017271951631332.jpg
Lindbergite

Molinello Mine, Ne, Genoa, Liguria, Italy
00965500017272470881413.jpg
Lindbergite

Clara Mine, Oberwolfach, Ortenaukreis, Freiburg Region, Baden-WĂŒrttemberg, Germany
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About LindbergiteHide

02576990017272470895000.jpg
Marie Louise Lindberg-Smith (1918-2005)
Formula:
Mn2+(C2O4) · 2H2O
Colour:
White to grayish white
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
2½
Specific Gravity:
2.1
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in honor of Marie Louise Lindberg-Smith (1918-2005), mineralogist with the U.S. Geological Survey. She was an expert on optical, chemical, and X-ray methods and described seven new mineral species.
The Mn analogue of humboldtine.

May appear as a dehydration product of falottaite (Mn-oxalate trihydrate).

An orthorhombic polymorph is known as a synthetic compound (Huizing et al., 1977; Lethbridge et al., 2003).

A corresponding compound, likely lindbergite, is reported as a common biomineral formed by action of lichen (Pertusaria corallina) on Mn ores (vide Burford et al., 2003).


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
26578
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:26578:2

IMA Classification of LindbergiteHide

Classification of LindbergiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):
10.AB.05

10 : ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
A : Salts of organic acids
B : Oxalates

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference for Standard
LdbIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of LindbergiteHide

Lustre:
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
White to grayish white
Streak:
White
Hardness:
2½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
on {010}
Parting:
not observed
Density:
2.1 g/cm3 (Measured)    2.356 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of LindbergiteHide

Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.424 nβ = 1.55 nγ = 1.65
2V:
Measured: 80° , Calculated: 77°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.226
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 ”m thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.

Surface Relief:
None to Very Low
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).

This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure - the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are isogyres.

Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
not detected
Optical Extinction:
Y ∧ c = 20°.
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic

Chemistry of LindbergiteHide

Mindat Formula:
Mn2+(C2O4) · 2H2O
Element Weights:
Element% weight
O53.633 %
Mn30.694 %
C13.421 %
H2.253 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.
O
Mn
C
H
Elements listed:
C, H, Mn, O - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of LindbergiteHide

Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/b
Setting:
C2/c
Cell Parameters:
a = 11.995 Å, b = 5.632 Å, c = 9.967 Å
β = 128.34°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 2.13 : 1 : 1.77
Unit Cell V:
528.1 ų
Z:
4
Morphology:
Pseudomorphous after short prismatic crystals of the trihydrate; aggregates of platelets.

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0019963LindbergiteSoleimannejad J, Aghabozorg H, Hooshmand S, Ghadermaz M, Gharamaleki J A (2007) The monoclinic polymorph of catena-poly [[diaquamanganese(II)]-mu-oxalato-4O1,O2:O1',O2'] Acta Crystallographica E63 m2389-m23902007synthetic0293
0019964LindbergiteDeyrieux R, Berro C, Peneloux A (1973) Contribution a l'etude des oxalates de certains metaux bivalents. III. - Structure cristalline des oxalates dihydrates de manganese, de cobalt, de nickel et de zinc. Polymorphisme des oxalates dihydrates de cobalt et de nickel Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France 1973 25-341973synthetic0293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
4.803 Å(100)
4.699 Å(84)
2.996 Å(58)
4.855 Å(26)
3.907 Å(23)
3.622 Å(22)
2.679 Å(14)
Comments:
Boca Rica mine, Brazil.

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event<2.4
47e : [Vanadates, chromates, manganates]
Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere<0.6
53 : Other minerals with taphonomic origins<0.4

Type Occurrence of LindbergiteHide

Type Locality:
ⓘ Boca Rica claim, Sapucaia do Norte, GalilĂ©ia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
General Appearance of Type Material:
As white short prismatic crystals 0.1 to 0.3 mm in length (pseudomorphs after the orthorhombic trihydrate) and as grayish-white aggregates in 0.1 mm thick translucent crusts made up of interlocking irregularly contoured platelets up to 0.03 mm in length.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Geosciences Museum, Institute of Geosciences, University of SĂŁo Paulo, Brazil number DR542.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Secondary mineral associated with phosphates in a granite pegmatite.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
BermaniteCyriloviteFrondeliteHeterositeHureaulite
LaueitePhosphosideriteReddingiteRockbridgeiteStrengite
TavoriteTriphylite
Reference:
Atencio, Daniel, Coutinho, José M.V., Graeser, Stefan, Matioli, Paulo A., Menezes Filho, Luiz A.D. (2004) Lindbergite, a new Mn oxalate dihydrate from Boca Rica mine, Galiléia, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and other occurrences. American Mineralogist, 89 (7) 1087-1091 doi:10.2138/am-2004-0721

Synonyms of LindbergiteHide

Other Language Names for LindbergiteHide

Relationship of Lindbergite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Humboldtine Group
Other Members of Humboldtine Group:
AndreybulakhiteNi(C2O4) · 2H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
GlushinskiteMg(C2O4) · 2H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
HumboldtineFe2+(C2O4) · 2H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
KatsarositeZn(C2O4) · 2H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:
12 photos of Lindbergite associated with Frondelite(Mn2+0.5Fe3+0.5)2Fe3+3(PO4)3(OH)5
9 photos of Lindbergite associated with TinzeniteCa2Mn2+4Al4[B2Si8O30](OH)2
4 photos of Lindbergite associated with QuartzSiO2
3 photos of Lindbergite associated with PhosphosideriteFePO4 · 2H2O
3 photos of Lindbergite associated with FalottaiteMnC2O4 · 3H2O
1 photo of Lindbergite associated with HureauliteMn2+5(PO3OH)2(PO4)2 · 4H2O
1 photo of Lindbergite associated with LaueiteMn2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

10.AB.Deveroite-(Ce)Ce2(C2O4)3 · 10H2OMon. 2/m : P21/c
10.AB.EdwindavisiteCu(C2O4)(NH3)Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
10.AB.XFalottaiteMnC2O4 · 3H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
10.AB.Uroxite [(UO2)2(C2O4)(OH)2(H2O)2] · H2OMon. 2/m : P21/c
10.AB.05KatsarositeZn(C2O4) · 2H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
10.AB.05AndreybulakhiteNi(C2O4) · 2H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
10.AB.05HumboldtineFe2+(C2O4) · 2H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
10.AB.10GlushinskiteMg(C2O4) · 2H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
10.AB.15MoolooiteCu(C2O4) · nH2OOrth.
10.AB.20StepanoviteNaMgFe3+(C2O4)3 · 8-9H2OTrig. 3m : P3c1
10.AB.25MinguzziteK3Fe3+(C2O4)3 · 3H2OMon. 2/m : P21/c
10.AB.30WheatleyiteNa2Cu(C2O4)2 · 2H2OTric. 1 : P1
10.AB.35ZhemchuzhnikoviteNaMgAl(C2O4)3 · 8H2OTrig. 3m : P3c1
10.AB.40WeddelliteCa(C2O4) · (2.5-x)H2OTet. 4/m : I4/m
10.AB.45WhewelliteCa(C2O4) · H2OMon. 2/m : P21/c
10.AB.47FiemmeiteCu2(C2O4)(OH)2 · 2H2OMon. 2/m : P21/c
10.AB.50CaoxiteCa(C2O4) · 3H2OTric. 1 : P1
10.AB.50MiddlebackiteCu2C2O4(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/c
10.AB.52Metauroxite(UO2)2(C2O4)(OH)2(H2O)2Tric. 1 : P1
10.AB.55Oxammite(NH4)2(C2O4) · H2OOrth. 222 : P21212
10.AB.60NatroxalateNa2(C2O4)Mon. 2/m : P21/c
10.AB.60Phoxite(NH4)2Mg2(C2O4)(PO3OH)2(H2O)4Mon. 2/m : P21/c
10.AB.60Carboferriphoxite[(NH4)K(H2CO3)][Fe3+(HPO4)(H2PO4)(C2O4)]Tric. 1 : P1
10.AB.60Ferriphoxite[(NH4)2K(H2O)][Fe3+(HPO4)2(C2O4)]Mon. 2/m : P21/c
10.AB.65Coskrenite-(Ce)Ce2(SO4)2(C2O4) · 8H2OTric.
10.AB.70Levinsonite-(Y)(Y,Nd,La)Al(C2O4)(SO4)2 · 12H2OMon. 2/m
10.AB.75Zugshunstite-(Ce)(Ce,Nd,La)Al(C2O4)(SO4)2 · 12H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
10.AB.80NovgorodovaiteCa2(C2O4)Cl2 · 2H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for LindbergiteHide

References for LindbergiteHide

Reference List:
Deyrieux, R., Berro, C., Peneloux, A. (1973) Contribution à l'étude des oxalates de certains métaux bivalents. III. Structure cristalline des oxalates dihydratés de manganÚse, de cobalt, de nickel et de zinc. Polymorphisme des oxalates dihydratés de cobalt et de nickel [Oxalates of some divalent metals. III. Crystal structure of dihydrated manganese, cobalt, nickel, and zinc oxalates. Polymorphism of dihydrated cobalt and nickel oxalates]. Bulletin de la Société Chimique de France: 1973: 25-34.
Huizing, A., van Hal, H.A.M., Kwestroo, W., Langereis, C., van Loosdregt, P.C. (1977) Hydrates of manganese (II) oxalate. Materials Research Bulletin, 12 (6). 605-611 doi:10.1016/0025-5408(77)90069-1
Sledzinska, I, Murasik, A, Fischer, P (1987) Magnetic ordering of the linear chain system manganese oxalate dihydrate investigated by means of neutron diffraction and bulk magnetic measurements. Journal of Physics C: Solid State Physics, 20 (15). 2247-2259 doi:10.1088/0022-3719/20/15/011
Lethbridge, Zoe A.D., Congreve, Aileen F., Esslemont, Emma, Slawin, Alexandra M.Z., Lightfoot, Philip (2003) Synthesis and structure of three manganese oxalates: MnC2O4.2H2O, [C4H8(NH2)2][Mn2(C2O4)3] and Mn2(C2O4)(OH)2. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 172 (1). 212-218 doi:10.1016/s0022-4596(03)00035-5
BURFORD, EUAN P., KIERANS, MARTIN, GADD, GEOFFREY M. (2003) Geomycology: fungi in mineral substrata. Mycologist, 17 (3). 98-107 doi:10.1017/s0269915x03003112
Mandarino, Joseph A. (2004) New minerals. The Canadian Mineralogist, 42 (6) 1901-1927 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.42.6.1901
Atencio, Daniel, Coutinho, José M.V., Graeser, Stefan, Matioli, Paulo A., Menezes Filho, Luiz A.D. (2004) Lindbergite, a new Mn oxalate dihydrate from Boca Rica mine, Galiléia, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and other occurrences. American Mineralogist, 89 (7) 1087-1091 doi:10.2138/am-2004-0721
Soleimannejad, Janet, Aghabozorg, Hossein, Hooshmand, Shabnam, Ghadermazi, Mohammad, Attar Gharamaleki, Jafar (2007) The monoclinic polymorph of catena-poly[[diaquamanganese(II)]-ÎŒ-oxalato-Îș4O1,O2:O1â€Č,O2â€Č]. Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online, 63 (9). m2389-m2390 doi:10.1107/s1600536807040470
Echigo, Takuya, Kimata, Mitsuyoshi (2008) Single-crystal X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic studies on humboldtine and lindbergite: weak Jahn–Teller effect of Fe2+ ion. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 35 (8). 467-475 doi:10.1007/s00269-008-0241-7
Echigo, T., Kimata, M. (2010) Crystal Chemistry and Genesis of Organic Minerals: a Review of Oxalate and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Minerals. The Canadian Mineralogist, 48 (6) 1329-1357 doi:10.3749/canmin.48.5.1329
Piro, Oscar Enrique, Baran, Enrique JosĂ© (2018) Crystal chemistry of organic minerals – salts of organic acids: the synthetic approach. Crystallography Reviews, 24 (3) 149-175 doi:10.1080/0889311x.2018.1445239
Puzan, Anna N., Baumer, Vyacheslav N., Lisovytskiy, Dmytro V., Mateychenko, Pavel V. (2018) Structure disordering and thermal decomposition of manganese oxalate dihydrate, MnC2O4·2H2O. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 260. 87-94 doi:10.1016/j.jssc.2018.01.022
(2021) Lindbergite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America
Korneev, Anatolii V., Izatulina, Alina R., Kuz’mina, Mariya A., Frank-Kamenetskaya, Olga V. (2022) Solid Solutions of Lindbergite–Glushinskite Series: Synthesis, Ionic Substitutions, Phase Transformation and Crystal Morphology. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23 (23) 14734 doi:10.3390/ijms232314734
KrajanovĂĄ, ViktĂłria (2023) Discoveries and identification methods of metal oxalates in lichens and their mineral associations: A review of past studies and analytical options for lichenologists. Fungal Biology Reviews, 43. 100287 doi:10.1016/j.fbr.2022.09.003

Localities for LindbergiteHide

Showing 18 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
Hide all sections | Show all sections

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Austria
 
  • Styria
    • Weiz District
      • Rettenegg
        • Prinzkogel (Prinzenkogel)
          • Prinzkogel mines
            • Southern District
Jakely et al. (2008)
Brazil (TL)
 
  • Minas Gerais
    • GalilĂ©ia
      • Sapucaia do Norte
Atencio et al. (2004)
Germany
 
  • Baden-WĂŒrttemberg
    • Freiburg Region
      • Ortenaukreis
        • Oberwolfach
50. (in German) +3 other references
        • Offenburg
Walenta (2003)
      • Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis
        • Triberg im Schwarzwald
          • Gremmelsbach
American Mineralogist +1 other reference
  • Hesse
    • Giessen Region
      • Lahn-Dill-Kreis
        • Lahnau
          • Waldgirmes
Gerhard Möhn collection
  • Rhineland-Palatinate
    • Westerwaldkreis
      • Bad Marienberg
        • LautzenbrĂŒcken
Gerhard Möhn Collection Analyzed by ...
  • Saxony
    • Mittelsachsen
      • Oberschöna
        • BrĂ€unsdorf
Gröbner et al. (2007)
Italy
 
  • Aosta Valley
    • Nus
      • Saint-BarthĂ©lemy
Franco Luca Bonino et al. (2023)
  • Liguria
    • Genoa
      • Ne
Kolitsch et al. (2008)
        • Reppia
Bortolozzi (n.d.)
  • Piedmont
    • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
      • Baceno
        • Devero Alp
Albertini et al. (2012) +2 other references
Spain
 
  • Murcia
    • Cartagena
      • El Estrecho de San GinĂ©s
        • Cabezo de San GinĂ©s
 ... +2 other references
Switzerland
 
  • Grisons
    • Albula Region
      • Surses
Graeser et al. (2016)
          • Err valley
American Mineralogist +1 other reference
UK
 
  • Scotland
    • Moray
Atencio et al. (2004)
USA
 
  • Virginia
    • Amelia County
      • Winterham
Atencio et al. (2004)
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