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Ødegården apatite mines, Bamble, Telemark, Norwayi
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Ødegården apatite mines | Group of Mines (Abandoned) |
| Bamble | Municipality |
| Telemark | County |
| Norway | Country |
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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
58° 57' 40'' North , 9° 33' 27'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Type:
Group of Mines (Abandoned) - last checked 2023
Deposit first discovered:
1872
Age:
1023 ± 140 Ma
Geologic Time:
Dating method:
U/Pb
Reference for age:
Geological Survey of Norway (NGU). The Industrial Mineral Database. Deposit Area 814 - 335.
Köppen climate type:
Nearest Clubs:
Local clubs are the best way to get access to collecting localities
Local clubs are the best way to get access to collecting localities
| Club | Location | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| Fensfeltet Geologiforening | Ulefoss | 37km |
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
Ødegårdens apatittgruver; Bamble apatittgruver
Other Languages:
French:
Les Mines d'Oedegaard, Bamble, Telemark, Norvège
Norwegian:
Ødegårdens Verk, Bamble, Telemark, Norge
Area mined for apatite. The apatite occurs in apatite-enstatite-phlogopite veins of various sizes, in scapolitized metagabbro and amphibolites [called Ødegårdites by Brøgger (1934)].
The deposit was discovered in March 1872 (Brøgger & Reusch 1875).
The mining area originally consisted of 2 parts: The Vestgruven Field which was started by the Compagnie Française des mines de Bamble in 1872 and the Dahlls field which was started in 1873 by the firm Johan Dahll in Kragerø.
In 1901 the two areas were united as one under A/S Bamble Apatittgruver until 1910 when a consortium led by Håkon Mathiesen took over the mines.
In 1915 Bamble Apatitt A/S was formed as a new company, but it went broke already in 1920. Håkon Mathiesen then took the responsibility of the mines again. The work in the mines ended in 1926.
During the 2nd World War, the mines were worked from 1941-1945 under the leadership of Adam Petterson. The mines are now closed and most of the dumps are overgrown by forest. Some dumps have been used as masses in construction and reparations of roads in the district.
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Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsCommodity List
This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.Mineral List
Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities23 valid minerals.
Rock Types Recorded
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Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities
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Alphabetical List Tree DiagramDetailed Mineral List:
| ⓘ Albite Formula: Na(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase Formula: (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup' Formula: AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| ⓘ 'Apatite' Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| ⓘ 'Asbestos' |
| ⓘ Bobierrite Formula: Mg3(PO4)2 · 8H2O Habit: Lamellar and radial aggregates Colour: Colourless, transparent Description: Michel (1893) described a new mineral from Ødegården and named it "hautefeuillite". Barth (1937) showed it to be identical with bobierrite.
It was found in greenish nodules found in greyish apatite veins. The nodules consisted as a mixture of wagnerite and apatite.
|
| ⓘ Calcite Formula: CaCO3 |
| ⓘ Chalcopyrite Formula: CuFeS2 |
| ⓘ Chlorapatite Formula: Ca5(PO4)3Cl Localities: Description: Chlorapatite is the primary apatite in the apatite-veins in Ødegården. |
| ⓘ 'Clinochrysotile' Formula: Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| ⓘ Dolomite Formula: CaMg(CO3)2 |
| ⓘ Enstatite Formula: Mg2Si2O6 |
| ⓘ Hydroxylapatite Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(OH) Description: Morton & Catanzaro (1964) states that hydroxylapatite is a product of metasomatosis of the primary chlorapatite. Chlorapatite usualy being transparent golden-yellow, while hydroxylapatite usaly is yellowish-white, bone like.
References: Morton, R.D., Catanzaro, E.J (1964) Stable chlorine isotope abundances in apatites from Ødegårdens Verk, Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift [Norwegian Journal of Geology], 44 (3). 307-313 |
| ⓘ Hydroxylapatite var. Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite Formula: Ca5(PO4,CO3)3(OH,O) Habit: As 6-8 mm crust and veins on/in red apatite-(CaCl) Colour: pale yellowish white Description: Brøgger & Bäckström (1888) described "dahllite" as a new mineral from Ødegården. |
| ⓘ Ilmenite Formula: Fe2+TiO3 |
| ⓘ Marialite Formula: Na4Al3Si9O24Cl Description: Analyses of scapolite from Ødegården gives meionite "(CO3)" percentage from 20% to 25%, and anorthite "Ca" percentage from 23% to 30%, clearly showind a marialite dominance.
Marialite can be found as several centimeter-long euhedral crystals, and some plases marialite can constitute up to 85% of the rock ("Ødegårdite" = scapolitized metagabbro/amphibolites). |
| ⓘ Microcline Formula: K(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ 'Monazite Group' Formula: REE(PO4) |
| ⓘ Phlogopite Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 Localities: Lesseps Mine, Ødegården apatite mines, Bamble, Telemark, Norway Østgruven Field, Ødegården apatite mines, Bamble, Telemark, Norway Ødegården apatite mines, Bamble, Telemark, Norway Dahlls Mine, Ødegården apatite mines, Bamble, Telemark, Norway Ødegårdens Verk rutile deposit, Ødegården apatite mines, Bamble, Telemark, Norway |
| ⓘ 'Plagioclase' Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| ⓘ Pyrite Formula: FeS2 |
| ⓘ Pyrrhotite Formula: Fe1-xS |
| ⓘ Quartz Formula: SiO2 |
| ⓘ Rutile Formula: TiO2 |
| ⓘ 'Scapolite' |
| ⓘ Talc Formula: Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| ⓘ Talc var. Steatite Formula: Mg3(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ Thorite Formula: Th(SiO4) |
| ⓘ Titanite Formula: CaTi(SiO4)O Colour: Brown |
| ⓘ 'Tourmaline' Formula: AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| ⓘ Vivianite ? Formula: Fe2+Fe2+2(PO4)2 · 8H2O Description: A blue mineral containing phosphate and iron was described by Brøgger & Reusch, from clay at the foot of the hill. This is probably vivianite. |
| ⓘ Wagnerite Formula: Mg2(PO4)F Description: Brøgger & Reusch (1875) describes large lentil-shaped lumps of dark apple-green and brown wagnerite (as Kjerulfin] from vein # 10, and green wagnerite from vein # 2. |
| ⓘ Whitlockite Formula: Ca9Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH) Description: Massive cavity fillings with woodhouseite, in a chlor-hydroxy-oxyapatite References: |
| ⓘ Woodhouseite Formula: CaAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6 Description: Woodhoseite occure in cavities in a chlor-hydroxy-oxyapatite together with quarts and whitlockite, as violet to purple crystals up to 1,5mm. References: |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Chalcopyrite | 2.CB.10a | CuFeS2 |
| ⓘ | Pyrrhotite | 2.CC.10 | Fe1-xS |
| ⓘ | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| ⓘ | Ilmenite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2+TiO3 |
| ⓘ | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | Rutile | 4.DB.05 | TiO2 |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| ⓘ | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | Dolomite | 5.AB.10 | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
| ⓘ | Whitlockite | 8.AC.45 | Ca9Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH) |
| ⓘ | Wagnerite | 8.BB.15 | Mg2(PO4)F |
| ⓘ | Woodhouseite | 8.BL.05 | CaAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| ⓘ | Hydroxylapatite var. Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite | 8.BN.05 | Ca5(PO4,CO3)3(OH,O) |
| ⓘ | Chlorapatite | 8.BN.05 | Ca5(PO4)3Cl |
| ⓘ | Hydroxylapatite | 8.BN.05 | Ca5(PO4)3(OH) |
| ⓘ | Bobierrite | 8.CE.35 | Mg3(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| ⓘ | Vivianite ? | 8.CE.40 | Fe2+Fe2+2(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| ⓘ | Thorite | 9.AD.30 | Th(SiO4) |
| ⓘ | Titanite | 9.AG.15 | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| ⓘ | Enstatite | 9.DA.05 | Mg2Si2O6 |
| ⓘ | Talc var. Steatite | 9.EC.05 | Mg3(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | 9.EC.05 | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 | |
| ⓘ | Phlogopite | 9.EC.20 | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | 'Clinochrysotile' | 9.ED. | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| ⓘ | Microcline | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | Albite | 9.FA.35 | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | var. Oligoclase | 9.FA.35 | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| ⓘ | Marialite | 9.FB.15 | Na4Al3Si9O24Cl |
| Unclassified | |||
| ⓘ | 'Amphibole Supergroup' | - | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| ⓘ | 'Asbestos' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Monazite Group' | - | REE(PO4) |
| ⓘ | 'Tourmaline' | - | AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| ⓘ | 'Scapolite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Plagioclase' | - | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| ⓘ | 'Apatite' | - | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
List of minerals for each chemical element
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| H | ⓘ Bobierrite | Mg3(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| H | ⓘ Hydroxylapatite var. Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite | Ca5(PO4,CO3)3(OH,O) |
| H | ⓘ Clinochrysotile | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| H | ⓘ Hydroxylapatite | Ca5(PO4)3(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Talc var. Steatite | Mg3(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Vivianite | Fe2+Fe22+(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| H | ⓘ Whitlockite | Ca9Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH) |
| H | ⓘ Woodhouseite | CaAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| H | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| B | Boron | |
| B | ⓘ Tourmaline | AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Hydroxylapatite var. Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite | Ca5(PO4,CO3)3(OH,O) |
| C | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| O | ⓘ Bobierrite | Mg3(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| O | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Hydroxylapatite var. Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite | Ca5(PO4,CO3)3(OH,O) |
| O | ⓘ Chlorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3Cl |
| O | ⓘ Clinochrysotile | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| O | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| O | ⓘ Enstatite | Mg2Si2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Hydroxylapatite | Ca5(PO4)3(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| O | ⓘ Marialite | Na4Al3Si9O24Cl |
| O | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Monazite Group | REE(PO4) |
| O | ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| O | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Rutile | TiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Talc var. Steatite | Mg3(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Thorite | Th(SiO4) |
| O | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| O | ⓘ Tourmaline | AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z |
| O | ⓘ Vivianite | Fe2+Fe22+(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| O | ⓘ Wagnerite | Mg2(PO4)F |
| O | ⓘ Whitlockite | Ca9Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH) |
| O | ⓘ Woodhouseite | CaAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| O | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| O | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| F | Fluorine | |
| F | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| F | ⓘ Wagnerite | Mg2(PO4)F |
| F | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Na | ⓘ Marialite | Na4Al3Si9O24Cl |
| Na | ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| Na | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | ⓘ Bobierrite | Mg3(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Clinochrysotile | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Mg | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Enstatite | Mg2Si2O6 |
| Mg | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Talc var. Steatite | Mg3(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Wagnerite | Mg2(PO4)F |
| Mg | ⓘ Whitlockite | Ca9Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH) |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Marialite | Na4Al3Si9O24Cl |
| Al | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| Al | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Woodhouseite | CaAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| Al | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Clinochrysotile | Mg3(Si2O5)(OH)4 |
| Si | ⓘ Enstatite | Mg2Si2O6 |
| Si | ⓘ Marialite | Na4Al3Si9O24Cl |
| Si | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| Si | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Talc var. Steatite | Mg3(Si4O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Talc | Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Thorite | Th(SiO4) |
| Si | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| Si | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| P | Phosphorus | |
| P | ⓘ Bobierrite | Mg3(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| P | ⓘ Hydroxylapatite var. Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite | Ca5(PO4,CO3)3(OH,O) |
| P | ⓘ Chlorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3Cl |
| P | ⓘ Hydroxylapatite | Ca5(PO4)3(OH) |
| P | ⓘ Monazite Group | REE(PO4) |
| P | ⓘ Vivianite | Fe2+Fe22+(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| P | ⓘ Wagnerite | Mg2(PO4)F |
| P | ⓘ Whitlockite | Ca9Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH) |
| P | ⓘ Woodhouseite | CaAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| P | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
| S | ⓘ Woodhouseite | CaAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| Cl | Chlorine | |
| Cl | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| Cl | ⓘ Chlorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3Cl |
| Cl | ⓘ Marialite | Na4Al3Si9O24Cl |
| Cl | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| K | Potassium | |
| K | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| K | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Hydroxylapatite var. Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite | Ca5(PO4,CO3)3(OH,O) |
| Ca | ⓘ Chlorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3Cl |
| Ca | ⓘ Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Hydroxylapatite | Ca5(PO4)3(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase | (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8] |
| Ca | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| Ca | ⓘ Whitlockite | Ca9Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Woodhouseite | CaAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Ca | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| Ti | Titanium | |
| Ti | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
| Ti | ⓘ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| Ti | ⓘ Rutile | TiO2 |
| Ti | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
| Fe | ⓘ Vivianite | Fe2+Fe22+(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| Cu | Copper | |
| Cu | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Th | Thorium | |
| Th | ⓘ Thorite | Th(SiO4) |
Other Databases
| Wikipedia: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%98deg%C3%A5rden_Verk |
|---|---|
| Wikidata ID: | Q3335030 |
| Link to Geological Survey of Norway: | 8477 |
Localities in this Region
- Telemark
- Bamble
- Ødegården apatite mines
- Bamble
Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality
Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate
- Baltic Shield
- Sveconorwegian BeltShield
EuropeContinent
Norway
ScandinaviaRegion
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References
aps.ngu.no (n.d.) https://aps.ngu.no/pls/oradb/minres_deposit_fakta_NY_KS.Main?p_objid=12382&p_spraak=E
Helland, A. (1874) Apatit, forekommende i rene Stokke og Gange i Bamle i Norge. Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 2 (5). 148-156 doi:10.1080/11035897409448048
Michel, L. (1893) Sur une nouvelle espèce minéral de Bamle (Norvège) [On a new mineral species from Bamle (Norway)]. Bulletin de la Société Française de Minéralogie, 16 (3). 38-40 Description of hautefeuillite, synonym for bobierrite
Vogt, J. H. L. (1906) Udtalelse om Bambles Apatitgruber [Statement on Bamble's Apatite Mines]. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse. Bergarkivets Rapport BA 6067 7 pp.
Bjareby, Gunnar (1940) Collecting Minerals in Scandinavia. Rocks & Minerals, 15 (3) 75-80 doi:10.1080/00357529.1940.11762516
Oftedal, Ivar (1940) Vanadium in dem Apatitvorkommen von Ødegården in Bamble [Vanadium in the apatite occurrence of Ødegården in Bamble]. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift [Norwegian Journal of Geology], 19 (4). 340-345
Morton, Roger D. (1961) Contributions to the mineralogy of Norway. No. 9. On the occurrence of two rare phosphates in the Ødegården Apatite Mines, Bamble, South Norway 1. A variety of Woodhouseite. 2. Whitelockite. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift [Norwegian Journal of Geology], 41 (2-3-4). 233-246
Morton, R.D., Catanzaro, E.J (1964) Stable chlorine isotope abundances in apatites from Ødegårdens Verk, Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift [Norwegian Journal of Geology], 44 (3). 307-313
Bugge, Arne (1965) Iakttagelser fra Rektangelbladet Kragerø og Den store Grunnfjellsbreksje. [Observations from the Map Sheet Kragerø and Den store Grunnfjellbreksje]. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse 229) pp.98-102
Griffin, W.L., Åmli, R., Heier, K.S. (1972) Whitlockite and apatite from lunar rock 14310 and fromÖdegården, Norway. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 15 (1) 53-58 doi:10.1016/0012-821x(72)90028-3
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Ødegården apatite mines, Bamble, Telemark, Norway