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Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite
A variety of Hydroxylapatite
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About Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite
Formula:
Ca5(PO4,CO3)3(OH,O)
Hardness:
5
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Name:
Named from the Greek word meaning "to deceive"
Apatite Group.
A hydroxylapatite with carbonate group (CO3) substituting for some of the phosphate (PO4) group.
Originally reported from Ødegården Mine (Ødegaarden Mine), Ødegården field, Bamble, Telemark, Norway.
An important biomaterial: bone constituent; its precursor is the Unnamed (Amorphous Calcium Carbonate) (Tolba et al., 2016).
Compare 'Unnamed (Ca-Na Phosphate)' - obtained in an attempt of synthesizing of the current phase.
A hydroxylapatite with carbonate group (CO3) substituting for some of the phosphate (PO4) group.
Originally reported from Ødegården Mine (Ødegaarden Mine), Ødegården field, Bamble, Telemark, Norway.
An important biomaterial: bone constituent; its precursor is the Unnamed (Amorphous Calcium Carbonate) (Tolba et al., 2016).
Compare 'Unnamed (Ca-Na Phosphate)' - obtained in an attempt of synthesizing of the current phase.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
896 (as Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite)
1992 (as Hydroxylapatite)
1992 (as Hydroxylapatite)
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:896:5 (as Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite)
mindat:1:1:1992:3 (as Hydroxylapatite)
mindat:1:1:1992:3 (as Hydroxylapatite)
IMA Classification of Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite
Discredited
Classification of Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite
22.4.3
22 : Phosphates, Arsenates or Vanadates with other Anions
4 : Phosphates, arsenates or vanadates with carbonate
22 : Phosphates, Arsenates or Vanadates with other Anions
4 : Phosphates, arsenates or vanadates with carbonate
Physical Properties of Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite
Hardness:
5 on Mohs scale
Optical Data of Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite
Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 1.603 - 1.628 nε = 1.598 - 1.619
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.005 - 0.009
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized uniaxial interference figure - the conoscopic
(convergent-light, Bertrand-lens-in) view, for a grain cut with the optic axis
centred and vertical. The coloured rings are isochromatics, computed with the
same physics as the Michel-Lévy bar above; the dark cross is the isogyre.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
For a genuinely uniaxial mineral viewed this way, that cross stays perfectly stationary if you rotate the stage - unlike a biaxial mineral, where it splits apart on rotation. That invariance is itself the standard diagnostic test for telling uniaxial and biaxial minerals apart at the microscope.
Chemistry of Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite
Mindat Formula:
Ca5(PO4,CO3)3(OH,O)
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.3 Å, c = 6.92 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 0.744
Unit Cell V:
518.33 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Synonyms of Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite
Other Language Names for Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite
German:Carbonat-Hydroxylapatit
Spanish:Carbonatohidroxilapatito
Varieties of Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 21 photos of Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite associated with Magnetite | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| 11 photos of Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite associated with Collinsite | Ca2Mg(PO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 5 photos of Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite associated with Calcioferrite | Ca4MgFe3+4(PO4)6(OH)4 · 12H2O |
| 3 photos of Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite associated with Ferrierite-Mg | [Mg2(K,Na)2Ca0.5](Si29Al7)O72 · 18H2O |
| 3 photos of Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite associated with Whitlockite | Ca9Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH) |
| 3 photos of Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite associated with Goethite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| 3 photos of Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite associated with 'Amazonite' | K(AlSi3O8) |
| 3 photos of Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
| 2 photos of Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite associated with Mitridatite | Ca2Fe3+3(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O |
| 2 photos of Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
Other Information
Notes:
Soluble in HCl or in HNO3. Varieties containing CO3 may dissolve with slight effervescence.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-896.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite
Reference List:
Simpson, D. R. (1965) Carbonate in Hydroxylapatite. Science, 147 (3657). 501-502 doi:10.1126/science.147.3657.501
Tolba, Emad, Müller, Werner E. G., Abd El-Hady, Bothaina M., Neufurth, Meik, Wurm, Frederik, Wang, Shunfeng, Schröder, Heinz C., Wang, Xiaohong (2016) High biocompatibility and improved osteogenic potential of amorphous calcium carbonate/vaterite. Journal of Materials Chemistry B, 4 (3). 376-386 doi:10.1039/c5tb02228b
Elvira Mine, Bruguers, Gavà, Baix Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain