Mt. Ospin-Ulan-Sar’dag, Ospinskii golets, and Mt. Grafitovaya. It is a strongly deformed low-angle tectonic sheet more than 200 km² in area, localized in the Ospa–Kitoi interfluve.

High-temperature boninite type of the ophiolite section basite part, including not only volcanites, but also subvolcanic orthopyroxene dikes and plutonic gabbro. The generation of primary boninite magmas occurred at a temperature of T = 1400˚C - 1570˚C and a pressure of 20 - 35 kbar at a depth of 60 - 105 km;
The presence of zinc chromium spinelides with an admixture of nickel and vanadium;
Intensive processing all types of the ophiolite belt rocks by hydrocarbon fluids.

In the Ospa ultrabasic-basic massif, serpentinites associated with nephrite mineralization occur as two distinct branches: the North Dunzhugur and the South Il’chir. These serpentinite units are interpreted as remnants of a single ophiolitic nappe, referred to as the Dunzhugur island-arc ophiolite. Prolonged residence in an ancient oceanic environment allowed for the preservation of a complete ophiolite sequence through a series of geological formations. The emplacement of this ophiolite was controlled by the obduction of the Dunzhugur island arc onto the Gargan microcontinent during the early Neoproterozoic (ca. 800 Ma), which facilitated the development of a serpentinite mélange acting as a tectonic lubricant. Subsequent phases of collision and thrusting led to the fragmentation, folding, and erosion of the ophiolite, ultimately shaping the framework of the Gargan microcontinent.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.

Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

37 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Bornite

Formula: Cu₅FeS₄

References:

Grigor’eva, A. V., Damdinov, B. B., & Sluzhenikin, S. F. (2018). Ore Mineralization in Ultramafic and Metasomatic Rocks of the Ospin–Kitoi Massif, Eastern Sayan. Geology of Ore Deposits, 60(2), 121-141.

ⓘ Brucite

Formula: Mg(OH)₂

Locality: Gorlykgol deposit, Ospa–Kitoi massif (Ospin–Kitoi massif), Il’chir ophiolite belt, Sayan Mountains, Russia

References:

Tatarinov, A. V., & Yalovik, L. I. (2021). Multicomponent Ore Mineralization in Ultrabasites of the Ospa-Kitoy Massif of the East Sayan Ophiolite Belt: Formational Parageneses and Origin (Diamond, Nephrite, Noble Metals, Chromium, Nickel). Geomaterials, 11(4), 69-95.

ⓘ Chalcopyrite

Formula: CuFeS₂

References:

ⓘ 'Chlorite Group'

Locality: Opinsk mine, Ospa–Kitoi massif (Ospin–Kitoi massif), Il’chir ophiolite belt, Sayan Mountains, Russia

References:

He, Weishi, Bai, Feng, Zhao, Chen, Qu, Hongting, Li, Xuemei (2023) Petrogenesis of Chatoyant Green Nephrite from Serpentinite-Related Deposits, Ospinsk, Russia: Insights from Mineralogy and Geochemistry. Crystals, 13 (2) 252 doi:10.3390/cryst13020252

ⓘ 'Chrome-Spinel (of Dana)'

Localities:

Ospa–Kitoi massif (Ospin–Kitoi massif), Il’chir ophiolite belt, Sayan Mountains, Russia
Gorlykgol deposit, Ospa–Kitoi massif (Ospin–Kitoi massif), Il’chir ophiolite belt, Sayan Mountains, Russia

ⓘ Chromite

Formula: Fe²⁺Cr³⁺₂O₄

Localities:

Ospa–Kitoi massif (Ospin–Kitoi massif), Il’chir ophiolite belt, Sayan Mountains, Russia
Opinsk mine, Ospa–Kitoi massif (Ospin–Kitoi massif), Il’chir ophiolite belt, Sayan Mountains, Russia
Gorlykgol deposit, Ospa–Kitoi massif (Ospin–Kitoi massif), Il’chir ophiolite belt, Sayan Mountains, Russia

ⓘ Chromite var. Aluminian Chromite

Formula: Fe(Cr,Al)₂O₄

Localities:

ⓘ Clinoenstatite

Formula: MgSiO₃

Locality: Gorlykgol deposit, Ospa–Kitoi massif (Ospin–Kitoi massif), Il’chir ophiolite belt, Sayan Mountains, Russia

References:

ⓘ 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'

Locality: Gorlykgol deposit, Ospa–Kitoi massif (Ospin–Kitoi massif), Il’chir ophiolite belt, Sayan Mountains, Russia

References:

ⓘ Covellite

Formula: CuS

References:

ⓘ Diopside

Formula: CaMgSi₂O₆

Locality: Gorlykgol deposit, Ospa–Kitoi massif (Ospin–Kitoi massif), Il’chir ophiolite belt, Sayan Mountains, Russia

References:

ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'

References:

ⓘ Ferrosilite

Formula: Fe²⁺₂Si₂O₆

Locality: Gorlykgol deposit, Ospa–Kitoi massif (Ospin–Kitoi massif), Il’chir ophiolite belt, Sayan Mountains, Russia

References:

ⓘ Galena

Formula: PbS

References:

ⓘ Gersdorffite

Formula: NiAsS

References:

ⓘ Geversite

Formula: PtSb₂

References:

12(12):1565. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12121565

Zaccarini, Federica, Economou-Eliopoulos, Maria, Kiseleva, Olga, Garuti, Giorgio, Tsikouras, Basilios, Pushkarev, Evgenii, Idrus, Arifudin (2022) Platinum Group Elements (PGE) Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Low Economic Potential (Rh-Pt-Pd)-Rich Chromitites from Ophiolite Complexes. Minerals, 12 (12) 1565 doi:10.3390/min12121565

ⓘ Graphite

Formula: C

Locality: Opinsk mine, Ospa–Kitoi massif (Ospin–Kitoi massif), Il’chir ophiolite belt, Sayan Mountains, Russia

References:

ⓘ Gudmundite

Formula: FeSbS

Locality: Gorlykgol deposit, Ospa–Kitoi massif (Ospin–Kitoi massif), Il’chir ophiolite belt, Sayan Mountains, Russia

References:

ⓘ Hedenbergite

Formula: CaFe²⁺Si₂O₆

Locality: Gorlykgol deposit, Ospa–Kitoi massif (Ospin–Kitoi massif), Il’chir ophiolite belt, Sayan Mountains, Russia

References:

ⓘ Isoferroplatinum

Formula: Pt₃Fe

References:

12(12):1565. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12121565

ⓘ Laurite

Formula: RuS₂

Localities:

ⓘ Magnesite

Formula: MgCO₃

References:

ⓘ Magnesite var. Breunnerite

Formula: (Mg,Fe)CO₃

References:

ⓘ Magnetite

Formula: Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄

Localities:

Opinsk mine, Ospa–Kitoi massif (Ospin–Kitoi massif), Il’chir ophiolite belt, Sayan Mountains, Russia
Gorlykgol deposit, Ospa–Kitoi massif (Ospin–Kitoi massif), Il’chir ophiolite belt, Sayan Mountains, Russia

ⓘ Millerite

Formula: NiS

References:

ⓘ Muscovite

Formula: KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂

References:

ⓘ Native Gold

Formula: Au

References:

ⓘ Native Gold var. Electrum

Formula: (Au,Ag)

References:

ⓘ Native Iridium

Formula: (Ir,Os,Ru)

Locality: Gorlykgol deposit, Ospa–Kitoi massif (Ospin–Kitoi massif), Il’chir ophiolite belt, Sayan Mountains, Russia

References:

ⓘ Native Ruthenium

Formula: (Ru,Ir)

Locality: Gorlykgol deposit, Ospa–Kitoi massif (Ospin–Kitoi massif), Il’chir ophiolite belt, Sayan Mountains, Russia

References:

ⓘ Native Silver

Formula: Ag

References:

ⓘ Native Silver var. Küstelite

Formula: Ag

References:

ⓘ Orcelite

Formula: Ni_5-xAs₂, x ~ 0.25

References:

ⓘ Pentlandite

Formula: (Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈

References:

ⓘ Potarite

Formula: PdHg

References:

12(12):1565. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12121565

ⓘ Pyrite

Formula: FeS₂

References:

ⓘ Pyrrhotite

Formula: Fe_1-xS

References:

ⓘ Quartz

Formula: SiO₂

References:

ⓘ 'Serpentine Subgroup'

Formula: D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄

Localities:

Gorlykgol deposit, Ospa–Kitoi massif (Ospin–Kitoi massif), Il’chir ophiolite belt, Sayan Mountains, Russia
Ospa–Kitoi massif (Ospin–Kitoi massif), Il’chir ophiolite belt, Sayan Mountains, Russia

ⓘ Sperrylite

Formula: PtAs₂

References:

12(12):1565. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12121565

ⓘ Sphalerite

Formula: ZnS

References:

ⓘ Spinel

Formula: MgAl₂O₄

References:

ⓘ Stibarsen

Formula: AsSb

Locality: Gorlykgol deposit, Ospa–Kitoi massif (Ospin–Kitoi massif), Il’chir ophiolite belt, Sayan Mountains, Russia

References:

ⓘ Talc

Formula: Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂

References:

ⓘ Tremolite

Formula: ◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂

Localities:

Gorlykgol deposit, Ospa–Kitoi massif (Ospin–Kitoi massif), Il’chir ophiolite belt, Sayan Mountains, Russia
Opinsk mine, Ospa–Kitoi massif (Ospin–Kitoi massif), Il’chir ophiolite belt, Sayan Mountains, Russia

ⓘ 'UM1990-16-E:CuRhSn'

Formula: Rh₂SnCu

References:

12(12):1565. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12121565

ⓘ Zaccariniite

Formula: RhNiAs

References:

12(12):1565. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12121565

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘ	Native Gold var. Electrum	1.AA.05	(Au,Ag)
ⓘ		1.AA.05	Au
ⓘ	Native Silver	1.AA.05	Ag
ⓘ	var. Küstelite	1.AA.05	Ag
ⓘ	Potarite	1.AD.25	PdHg
ⓘ	Native Ruthenium	1.AF.05	(Ru,Ir)
ⓘ	Native Iridium	1.AF.10	(Ir,Os,Ru)
ⓘ	Isoferroplatinum	1.AG.35	Pt₃Fe
ⓘ	Stibarsen	1.CA.05	AsSb
ⓘ	Graphite	1.CB.05a	C
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘ	Zaccariniite	2.AA.50	RhNiAs
ⓘ	Orcelite	2.AB.10	Ni_5-xAs₂, x ~ 0.25
ⓘ	Bornite	2.BA.15	Cu₅FeS₄
ⓘ	Pentlandite	2.BB.15	(Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈
ⓘ	Covellite	2.CA.05a	CuS
ⓘ	Sphalerite	2.CB.05a	ZnS
ⓘ	Chalcopyrite	2.CB.10a	CuFeS₂
ⓘ	Pyrrhotite	2.CC.10	Fe_1-xS
ⓘ	Millerite	2.CC.20	NiS
ⓘ	Galena	2.CD.10	PbS
ⓘ	Geversite	2.EB.05a	PtSb₂
ⓘ	Laurite	2.EB.05a	RuS₂
ⓘ	Pyrite	2.EB.05a	FeS₂
ⓘ	Sperrylite	2.EB.05a	PtAs₂
ⓘ	Gudmundite	2.EB.20	FeSbS
ⓘ	Gersdorffite	2.EB.25	NiAsS
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ	Chromite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺Cr³⁺₂O₄
ⓘ	Magnetite	4.BB.05	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄
ⓘ	Spinel	4.BB.05	MgAl₂O₄
ⓘ	Chromite var. Aluminian Chromite	4.BB.05	Fe(Cr,Al)₂O₄
ⓘ	Quartz	4.DA.05	SiO₂
ⓘ	Brucite	4.FE.05	Mg(OH)₂
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘ	Magnesite	5.AB.05	MgCO₃
ⓘ	var. Breunnerite	5.AB.05	(Mg,Fe)CO₃
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘ	Ferrosilite	9.DA.05	Fe²⁺₂Si₂O₆
ⓘ	Clinoenstatite	9.DA.10	MgSiO₃
ⓘ	Diopside	9.DA.15	CaMgSi₂O₆
ⓘ	Hedenbergite	9.DA.15	CaFe²⁺Si₂O₆
ⓘ	Tremolite	9.DE.10	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
ⓘ	Talc	9.EC.05	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
ⓘ	Muscovite	9.EC.15	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Unclassified
ⓘ	'Chlorite Group'	-
ⓘ	'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'	-
ⓘ	'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'	-
ⓘ	'Chrome-Spinel (of Dana)'	-
ⓘ	'Serpentine Subgroup'	-	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄
ⓘ	'UM1990-16-E:CuRhSn'	-	Rh₂SnCu

List of minerals for each chemical element

H	Hydrogen
H	ⓘ Brucite	Mg(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
H	ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄
C	Carbon
C	ⓘ Graphite	C
C	ⓘ Magnesite	MgCO₃
C	ⓘ Magnesite var. Breunnerite	(Mg,Fe)CO₃
O	Oxygen
O	ⓘ Brucite	Mg(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Chromite	Fe²⁺Cr₂³⁺O₄
O	ⓘ Clinoenstatite	MgSiO₃
O	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
O	ⓘ Ferrosilite	Fe₂²⁺Si₂O₆
O	ⓘ Hedenbergite	CaFe²⁺Si₂O₆
O	ⓘ Magnesite	MgCO₃
O	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
O	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
O	ⓘ Spinel	MgAl₂O₄
O	ⓘ Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
O	ⓘ Magnesite var. Breunnerite	(Mg,Fe)CO₃
O	ⓘ Chromite var. Aluminian Chromite	Fe(Cr,Al)₂O₄
O	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
O	ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄
Mg	Magnesium
Mg	ⓘ Brucite	Mg(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Clinoenstatite	MgSiO₃
Mg	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Mg	ⓘ Magnesite	MgCO₃
Mg	ⓘ Spinel	MgAl₂O₄
Mg	ⓘ Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Mg	ⓘ Magnesite var. Breunnerite	(Mg,Fe)CO₃
Mg	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Al	Aluminium
Al	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Al	ⓘ Spinel	MgAl₂O₄
Al	ⓘ Chromite var. Aluminian Chromite	Fe(Cr,Al)₂O₄
Si	Silicon
Si	ⓘ Clinoenstatite	MgSiO₃
Si	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Ferrosilite	Fe₂²⁺Si₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Hedenbergite	CaFe²⁺Si₂O₆
Si	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Quartz	SiO₂
Si	ⓘ Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Si	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Si	ⓘ Serpentine Subgroup	D₃[Si₂O₅](OH)₄
S	Sulfur
S	ⓘ Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄
S	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
S	ⓘ Covellite	CuS
S	ⓘ Galena	PbS
S	ⓘ Gersdorffite	NiAsS
S	ⓘ Gudmundite	FeSbS
S	ⓘ Laurite	RuS₂
S	ⓘ Millerite	NiS
S	ⓘ Pentlandite	(Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈
S	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
S	ⓘ Pyrrhotite	Fe_1-xS
S	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
K	Potassium
K	ⓘ Muscovite	KAl₂(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
Ca	Calcium
Ca	ⓘ Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Hedenbergite	CaFe²⁺Si₂O₆
Ca	ⓘ Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
Cr	Chromium
Cr	ⓘ Chromite	Fe²⁺Cr₂³⁺O₄
Cr	ⓘ Chromite var. Aluminian Chromite	Fe(Cr,Al)₂O₄
Fe	Iron
Fe	ⓘ Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄
Fe	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Chromite	Fe²⁺Cr₂³⁺O₄
Fe	ⓘ Ferrosilite	Fe₂²⁺Si₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Gudmundite	FeSbS
Fe	ⓘ Hedenbergite	CaFe²⁺Si₂O₆
Fe	ⓘ Isoferroplatinum	Pt₃Fe
Fe	ⓘ Magnetite	Fe²⁺Fe₂³⁺O₄
Fe	ⓘ Pentlandite	(Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈
Fe	ⓘ Pyrite	FeS₂
Fe	ⓘ Pyrrhotite	Fe_1-xS
Fe	ⓘ Magnesite var. Breunnerite	(Mg,Fe)CO₃
Fe	ⓘ Chromite var. Aluminian Chromite	Fe(Cr,Al)₂O₄
Fe	ⓘ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Ni	Nickel
Ni	ⓘ Gersdorffite	NiAsS
Ni	ⓘ Millerite	NiS
Ni	ⓘ Orcelite	Ni_5-xAs₂, x ~ 0.25
Ni	ⓘ Pentlandite	(Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈
Ni	ⓘ Zaccariniite	RhNiAs
Cu	Copper
Cu	ⓘ Bornite	Cu₅FeS₄
Cu	ⓘ Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
Cu	ⓘ Covellite	CuS
Cu	ⓘ UM1990-16-E:CuRhSn	Rh₂SnCu
Zn	Zinc
Zn	ⓘ Sphalerite	ZnS
As	Arsenic
As	ⓘ Gersdorffite	NiAsS
As	ⓘ Orcelite	Ni_5-xAs₂, x ~ 0.25
As	ⓘ Sperrylite	PtAs₂
As	ⓘ Stibarsen	AsSb
As	ⓘ Zaccariniite	RhNiAs
Ru	Ruthenium
Ru	ⓘ Native Iridium	(Ir,Os,Ru)
Ru	ⓘ Laurite	RuS₂
Ru	ⓘ Native Ruthenium	(Ru,Ir)
Rh	Rhodium
Rh	ⓘ Zaccariniite	RhNiAs
Rh	ⓘ UM1990-16-E:CuRhSn	Rh₂SnCu
Pd	Palladium
Pd	ⓘ Potarite	PdHg
Ag	Silver
Ag	ⓘ Native Gold var. Electrum	(Au,Ag)
Ag	ⓘ Native Silver	Ag
Ag	ⓘ Native Silver var. Küstelite	Ag
Sn	Tin
Sn	ⓘ UM1990-16-E:CuRhSn	Rh₂SnCu
Sb	Antimony
Sb	ⓘ Geversite	PtSb₂
Sb	ⓘ Gudmundite	FeSbS
Sb	ⓘ Stibarsen	AsSb
Os	Osmium
Os	ⓘ Native Iridium	(Ir,Os,Ru)
Ir	Iridium
Ir	ⓘ Native Iridium	(Ir,Os,Ru)
Ir	ⓘ Native Ruthenium	(Ru,Ir)
Pt	Platinum
Pt	ⓘ Geversite	PtSb₂
Pt	ⓘ Isoferroplatinum	Pt₃Fe
Pt	ⓘ Sperrylite	PtAs₂
Au	Gold
Au	ⓘ Native Gold var. Electrum	(Au,Ag)
Au	ⓘ Native Gold	Au
Hg	Mercury
Hg	ⓘ Potarite	PdHg
Pb	Lead
Pb	ⓘ Galena	PbS

Localities in this Region

Russia

Sayan Mountains
- Il’chir ophiolite belt
  - Ospa–Kitoi massif (Ospin–Kitoi massif)
    - Gorlykgol deposit
    - Opinsk mine

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

AsiaContinent

Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate

Hamardavaa Metamorphic BeltOrogenic Belt

Russia

Sayan MountainsMountain Range
⭔SiberiaTraditional Region
⭔Siberian Federal DistrictDistrict

Soviet Union (1922-1991)Country

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Kiseleva, O. N., Zhmodik, S. M., Damdinov, B. B., Agafonov, L. V., & Belyanin, D. K. (2014). Composition and evolution of PGE mineralization in chromite ores from the Il’chir ophiolite complex (Ospa–Kitoi and Khara-Nur areas, East Sayan). Russian Geology and Geophysics, 55(2), 259-272.

[1]Tatarinov, A. V., & Yalovik, L. I. (2021). Multicomponent Ore Mineralization in Ultrabasites of the Ospa-Kitoy Massif of the East Sayan Ophiolite Belt: Formational Parageneses and Origin (Diamond, Nephrite, Noble Metals, Chromium, Nickel). Geomaterials, 11(4), 69-95.

[2]Li, Yihan; Shi, Guanghai; Zhang, Jinhong (2025) Origin of Light-Colored Nephrite Relative to Green Nephrite in Ospa, Russia. Crystals, 15 (11). doi:10.3390/cryst15110987

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