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Kolmozerskoe deposit, Voron'i Tundry, Murmansk Oblast, Russiai
Regional Level Types
Kolmozerskoe depositDeposit
Voron'i TundryTundra
Murmansk OblastOblast
RussiaCountry

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PhotosMapsSearchMineralogy
06530490017583281884348.jpg
Spodumene, etc.

Kolmozerskoe deposit, Voron'i Tundry, Murmansk Oblast, Russia
06530490017583281884348.jpg
Spodumene, etc.

Kolmozerskoe deposit, Voron'i Tundry, Murmansk Oblast, Russia
06530490017583281884348.jpg
Spodumene, etc.

Kolmozerskoe deposit, Voron'i Tundry, Murmansk Oblast, Russia
Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
67° 59' 14'' North , 36° 54' 30'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
67.98725,36.90860
GRN:
N46E11
Type:
Deposit
Kรถppen climate type:
Dfc : Subarctic climate
Mindat Locality ID:
298403
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:298403:5
GUID (UUID V4):
0
Name(s) in local language(s):
ะ’ะพั€ะพะฝัŒะธ ะขัƒะฝะดั€ั‹


Kolmozero Li deposit forms part of the Kolmozero pegmatite field and consists of 12 albite-spodumene pegmatite dykes and numerous small occurrences. The largest dykes have lengths of over 1400 m and thicknesses up to 65 m and extend to depths of about 500 m.
The pegmatite dykes do not display a mineralogical zoning at this scale of observation and comprise quartz (30โ€“35 vol.%), albite (30โ€“35 vol.%), K-feldspar (10โ€“25 vol.%), spodumene (~20 vol.%), and muscovite (5โ€“7 vol.%). Spodumene is the main host for lithium with 97% of the bulk rock Li2O in the Kolmozero pegmatites, 0.3% is carried by lithiophilite, 0.45% by muscovite, 1.93% by albite and 0.3% by K-feldspar. Beryl and columbite-group minerals are accessory and may have commercial by-product potential as a source for Be, Ta, and Nb. Other accessory minerals include spessartine, apatite, rare lithiophilite, triphylite, and tourmaline. Internal structures of the dykes are very simple where 85 to 90 vol.% of the dykes are composed of medium to coarse-grained quartz, spodumene, albite, muscovite, and megacrystic (blocky) K-feldspar. Individual spodumene crystals can reach up to 1.5 m in length.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.


Mineral List


22 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded


Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

โ“˜ Albite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
References:
Gavrilenko, B.V. (2001) Ore potential of acidic rocks of the Achean Kolmozero-Voronya zone, NE Baltic Shield. in: Piestrzynski, A. et al. (ed.) (2001) Mineral Deposits at the Beginning of the 21st Century. Proceedings of the joint sixth biennal sga-seg meeting, Krakรณw, Poland, 26-29 August 2001.
Morozova, Lyudmila, Zozulya, Dmitry, Selivanova, Ekaterina, Serov, Pavel, Bazai, Aya (2022) Distribution of Trace Elements in K-Feldspar with Implications for Tracing Ore-Forming Processes in Pegmatites: Examples from the World-Class Kolmozero Lithium Deposit, NW Russia. Minerals, 12 (11) 1448 doi:10.3390/min12111448
Zozulya, Dmitry, Morozova, Lyudmila N., Kullerud, Kรฅre, Bazai, Ayya (2024) Nb-Ta-Sn Oxides from Lithium-Beryllium-Tantalum Pegmatite Deposits of the Kolmozero–Voronja Belt, NW Russia: Implications for Tracing Ore-Forming Processes and Mineralization Signatures. Geosciences, 14 (1) doi:10.3390/geosciences14010009
โ“˜ Albite var. Cleavelandite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
โ“˜ 'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3A
References:
Gavrilenko, B.V. (2001) Ore potential of acidic rocks of the Achean Kolmozero-Voronya zone, NE Baltic Shield. in: Piestrzynski, A. et al. (ed.) (2001) Mineral Deposits at the Beginning of the 21st Century. Proceedings of the joint sixth biennal sga-seg meeting, Krakรณw, Poland, 26-29 August 2001.
Morozova, Lyudmila, Zozulya, Dmitry, Selivanova, Ekaterina, Serov, Pavel, Bazai, Aya (2022) Distribution of Trace Elements in K-Feldspar with Implications for Tracing Ore-Forming Processes in Pegmatites: Examples from the World-Class Kolmozero Lithium Deposit, NW Russia. Minerals, 12 (11) 1448 doi:10.3390/min12111448
Zozulya, Dmitry, Morozova, Lyudmila N., Kullerud, Kรฅre, Bazai, Ayya (2024) Nb-Ta-Sn Oxides from Lithium-Beryllium-Tantalum Pegmatite Deposits of the Kolmozero–Voronja Belt, NW Russia: Implications for Tracing Ore-Forming Processes and Mineralization Signatures. Geosciences, 14 (1) doi:10.3390/geosciences14010009
โ“˜ Beryl
Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18)
References:
Gavrilenko, B.V. (2001) Ore potential of acidic rocks of the Achean Kolmozero-Voronya zone, NE Baltic Shield. in: Piestrzynski, A. et al. (ed.) (2001) Mineral Deposits at the Beginning of the 21st Century. Proceedings of the joint sixth biennal sga-seg meeting, Krakรณw, Poland, 26-29 August 2001.
Morozova, Lyudmila, Zozulya, Dmitry, Selivanova, Ekaterina, Serov, Pavel, Bazai, Aya (2022) Distribution of Trace Elements in K-Feldspar with Implications for Tracing Ore-Forming Processes in Pegmatites: Examples from the World-Class Kolmozero Lithium Deposit, NW Russia. Minerals, 12 (11) 1448 doi:10.3390/min12111448
Zozulya, Dmitry, Morozova, Lyudmila N., Kullerud, Kรฅre, Bazai, Ayya (2024) Nb-Ta-Sn Oxides from Lithium-Beryllium-Tantalum Pegmatite Deposits of the Kolmozero–Voronja Belt, NW Russia: Implications for Tracing Ore-Forming Processes and Mineralization Signatures. Geosciences, 14 (1) doi:10.3390/geosciences14010009
โ“˜ 'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
โ“˜ Bismite
Formula: Bi2O3
โ“˜ 'Calciopyrochlore'
โ“˜ Columbite-(Fe)
Formula: Fe2+Nb2O6
โ“˜ 'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series'
โ“˜ Columbite-(Mn)
Formula: Mn2+Nb2O6
โ“˜ 'Columbite-Tantalite'
โ“˜ 'Feldspar Group'
โ“˜ Galena
Formula: PbS
โ“˜ 'Garnet Group'
Formula: X3Z2(SiO4)3
โ“˜ Ilmenite
Formula: Fe2+TiO3
โ“˜ 'K Feldspar'
โ“˜ Lithiophilite
Formula: LiMn2+PO4
โ“˜ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
โ“˜ Microcline
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
โ“˜ Molybdenite
Formula: MoS2
โ“˜ Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
References:
Gavrilenko, B.V. (2001) Ore potential of acidic rocks of the Achean Kolmozero-Voronya zone, NE Baltic Shield. in: Piestrzynski, A. et al. (ed.) (2001) Mineral Deposits at the Beginning of the 21st Century. Proceedings of the joint sixth biennal sga-seg meeting, Krakรณw, Poland, 26-29 August 2001.
Morozova, Lyudmila, Zozulya, Dmitry, Selivanova, Ekaterina, Serov, Pavel, Bazai, Aya (2022) Distribution of Trace Elements in K-Feldspar with Implications for Tracing Ore-Forming Processes in Pegmatites: Examples from the World-Class Kolmozero Lithium Deposit, NW Russia. Minerals, 12 (11) 1448 doi:10.3390/min12111448
Zozulya, Dmitry, Morozova, Lyudmila N., Kullerud, Kรฅre, Bazai, Ayya (2024) Nb-Ta-Sn Oxides from Lithium-Beryllium-Tantalum Pegmatite Deposits of the Kolmozero–Voronja Belt, NW Russia: Implications for Tracing Ore-Forming Processes and Mineralization Signatures. Geosciences, 14 (1) doi:10.3390/geosciences14010009
โ“˜ Native Bismuth
Formula: Bi
โ“˜ 'Plagioclase'
Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
โ“˜ 'Pyrochlore Group'
Formula: A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
โ“˜ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
References:
Gavrilenko, B.V. (2001) Ore potential of acidic rocks of the Achean Kolmozero-Voronya zone, NE Baltic Shield. in: Piestrzynski, A. et al. (ed.) (2001) Mineral Deposits at the Beginning of the 21st Century. Proceedings of the joint sixth biennal sga-seg meeting, Krakรณw, Poland, 26-29 August 2001.
Morozova, Lyudmila, Zozulya, Dmitry, Selivanova, Ekaterina, Serov, Pavel, Bazai, Aya (2022) Distribution of Trace Elements in K-Feldspar with Implications for Tracing Ore-Forming Processes in Pegmatites: Examples from the World-Class Kolmozero Lithium Deposit, NW Russia. Minerals, 12 (11) 1448 doi:10.3390/min12111448
Zozulya, Dmitry, Morozova, Lyudmila N., Kullerud, Kรฅre, Bazai, Ayya (2024) Nb-Ta-Sn Oxides from Lithium-Beryllium-Tantalum Pegmatite Deposits of the Kolmozero–Voronja Belt, NW Russia: Implications for Tracing Ore-Forming Processes and Mineralization Signatures. Geosciences, 14 (1) doi:10.3390/geosciences14010009
โ“˜ Spessartine
Formula: Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3
โ“˜ Sphalerite
Formula: ZnS
โ“˜ Spodumene
Formula: LiAlSi2O6
References:
Gavrilenko, B.V. (2001) Ore potential of acidic rocks of the Achean Kolmozero-Voronya zone, NE Baltic Shield. in: Piestrzynski, A. et al. (ed.) (2001) Mineral Deposits at the Beginning of the 21st Century. Proceedings of the joint sixth biennal sga-seg meeting, Krakรณw, Poland, 26-29 August 2001.
Morozova, Lyudmila, Zozulya, Dmitry, Selivanova, Ekaterina, Serov, Pavel, Bazai, Aya (2022) Distribution of Trace Elements in K-Feldspar with Implications for Tracing Ore-Forming Processes in Pegmatites: Examples from the World-Class Kolmozero Lithium Deposit, NW Russia. Minerals, 12 (11) 1448 doi:10.3390/min12111448
Zozulya, Dmitry, Morozova, Lyudmila N., Kullerud, Kรฅre, Bazai, Ayya (2024) Nb-Ta-Sn Oxides from Lithium-Beryllium-Tantalum Pegmatite Deposits of the Kolmozero–Voronja Belt, NW Russia: Implications for Tracing Ore-Forming Processes and Mineralization Signatures. Geosciences, 14 (1) doi:10.3390/geosciences14010009
โ“˜ Stilbite-Ca
Formula: NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O
References:
Pavel Fedorov collectionIdentification: Raman Spectroscopy
โ“˜ Tantalite-(Fe)
Formula: Fe2+Ta2O6
โ“˜ Tantalite-(Mn)
Formula: Mn2+Ta2O6
โ“˜ 'Tourmaline'
Formula: AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
โ“˜ Triphylite
Formula: LiFe2+PO4
โ“˜ Uraninite
Formula: UO2

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
โ“˜Native Bismuth1.CA.05Bi
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
โ“˜Sphalerite2.CB.05aZnS
โ“˜Galena2.CD.10PbS
โ“˜Molybdenite2.EA.30MoS2
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
โ“˜'Pyrochlore Group'4.00.A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
โ“˜Magnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
โ“˜Ilmenite4.CB.05Fe2+TiO3
โ“˜Bismite4.CB.60Bi2O3
โ“˜Quartz4.DA.05SiO2
โ“˜Columbite-(Fe)4.DB.35Fe2+Nb2O6
โ“˜Tantalite-(Fe)4.DB.35Fe2+Ta2O6
โ“˜Columbite-(Mn)4.DB.35Mn2+Nb2O6
โ“˜Tantalite-(Mn)4.DB.35Mn2+Ta2O6
โ“˜Uraninite4.DL.05UO2
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
โ“˜Lithiophilite8.AB.10LiMn2+PO4
โ“˜Triphylite8.AB.10LiFe2+PO4
Group 9 - Silicates
โ“˜Spessartine9.AD.25Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3
โ“˜Beryl9.CJ.05Be3Al2(Si6O18)
โ“˜Spodumene9.DA.30LiAlSi2O6
โ“˜Muscovite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
โ“˜Microcline9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
โ“˜Albite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
โ“˜var. Cleavelandite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
โ“˜Stilbite-Ca9.GE.10NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 ยท 28H2O
Unclassified
โ“˜'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
โ“˜'Feldspar Group'-
โ“˜'Tourmaline'-AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
โ“˜'Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series'-
โ“˜'Plagioclase'-(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
โ“˜'K Feldspar'-
โ“˜'Garnet Group'-X3Z2(SiO4)3
โ“˜'Columbite-Tantalite'-
โ“˜'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3A
โ“˜'Calciopyrochlore'-

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hโ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Hโ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hโ“˜ Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
Hโ“˜ Stilbite-CaNaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O
LiLithium
Liโ“˜ LithiophiliteLiMn2+PO4
Liโ“˜ SpodumeneLiAlSi2O6
Liโ“˜ TriphyliteLiFe2+PO4
BeBeryllium
Beโ“˜ BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
BBoron
Bโ“˜ TourmalineAD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
OOxygen
Oโ“˜ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Oโ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Oโ“˜ BismiteBi2O3
Oโ“˜ BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Oโ“˜ Columbite-(Fe)Fe2+Nb2O6
Oโ“˜ Tantalite-(Fe)Fe2+Ta2O6
Oโ“˜ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Oโ“˜ LithiophiliteLiMn2+PO4
Oโ“˜ Columbite-(Mn)Mn2+Nb2O6
Oโ“˜ Tantalite-(Mn)Mn2+Ta2O6
Oโ“˜ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oโ“˜ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Oโ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oโ“˜ Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
Oโ“˜ QuartzSiO2
Oโ“˜ SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
Oโ“˜ SpodumeneLiAlSi2O6
Oโ“˜ TourmalineAD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
Oโ“˜ TriphyliteLiFe2+PO4
Oโ“˜ UraniniteUO2
Oโ“˜ Stilbite-CaNaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O
Oโ“˜ Albite var. CleavelanditeNa(AlSi3O8)
Oโ“˜ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
Oโ“˜ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Oโ“˜ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
Oโ“˜ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3A
FFluorine
Fโ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
NaSodium
Naโ“˜ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Naโ“˜ Stilbite-CaNaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O
Naโ“˜ Albite var. CleavelanditeNa(AlSi3O8)
Naโ“˜ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
MgMagnesium
Mgโ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
AlAluminium
Alโ“˜ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Alโ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Alโ“˜ BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Alโ“˜ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Alโ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alโ“˜ SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
Alโ“˜ SpodumeneLiAlSi2O6
Alโ“˜ Stilbite-CaNaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O
Alโ“˜ Albite var. CleavelanditeNa(AlSi3O8)
Alโ“˜ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
SiSilicon
Siโ“˜ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Siโ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Siโ“˜ BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Siโ“˜ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Siโ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siโ“˜ QuartzSiO2
Siโ“˜ SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
Siโ“˜ SpodumeneLiAlSi2O6
Siโ“˜ Stilbite-CaNaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O
Siโ“˜ Albite var. CleavelanditeNa(AlSi3O8)
Siโ“˜ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Siโ“˜ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
PPhosphorus
Pโ“˜ LithiophiliteLiMn2+PO4
Pโ“˜ TriphyliteLiFe2+PO4
Pโ“˜ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3A
SSulfur
Sโ“˜ GalenaPbS
Sโ“˜ MolybdeniteMoS2
Sโ“˜ SphaleriteZnS
KPotassium
Kโ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Kโ“˜ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Kโ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CaCalcium
Caโ“˜ Stilbite-CaNaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O
Caโ“˜ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Caโ“˜ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3A
TiTitanium
Tiโ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Tiโ“˜ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
MnManganese
Mnโ“˜ LithiophiliteLiMn2+PO4
Mnโ“˜ Columbite-(Mn)Mn2+Nb2O6
Mnโ“˜ Tantalite-(Mn)Mn2+Ta2O6
Mnโ“˜ SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
Mnโ“˜ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
FeIron
Feโ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Feโ“˜ Columbite-(Fe)Fe2+Nb2O6
Feโ“˜ Tantalite-(Fe)Fe2+Ta2O6
Feโ“˜ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Feโ“˜ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feโ“˜ TriphyliteLiFe2+PO4
Feโ“˜ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
ZnZinc
Znโ“˜ SphaleriteZnS
NbNiobium
Nbโ“˜ Columbite-(Fe)Fe2+Nb2O6
Nbโ“˜ Columbite-(Mn)Mn2+Nb2O6
Nbโ“˜ Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
Nbโ“˜ Columbite-(Fe)-Columbite-(Mn) Series
MoMolybdenum
Moโ“˜ MolybdeniteMoS2
TaTantalum
Taโ“˜ Tantalite-(Fe)Fe2+Ta2O6
Taโ“˜ Tantalite-(Mn)Mn2+Ta2O6
PbLead
Pbโ“˜ GalenaPbS
BiBismuth
Biโ“˜ BismiteBi2O3
Biโ“˜ Native BismuthBi
UUranium
Uโ“˜ UraniniteUO2

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

Baltic Shield (Fennoscandian Shield)Shield
Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate
EuropeContinent
Russia
Soviet Union (1922-1991)Country

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References

Gavrilenko, B.V. (2001) Ore potential of acidic rocks of the Achean Kolmozero-Voronya zone, NE Baltic Shield. in: Piestrzynski, A. et al. (ed.) (2001) Mineral Deposits at the Beginning of the 21st Century. Proceedings of the joint sixth biennal sga-seg meeting, Krakรณw, Poland, 26-29 August 2001.
[1]Morozova, Lyudmila, Zozulya, Dmitry, Selivanova, Ekaterina, Serov, Pavel, Bazai, Aya (2022) Distribution of Trace Elements in K-Feldspar with Implications for Tracing Ore-Forming Processes in Pegmatites: Examples from the World-Class Kolmozero Lithium Deposit, NW Russia. Minerals, 12 (11) 1448 doi:10.3390/min12111448
Zozulya, Dmitry, Morozova, Lyudmila N., Kullerud, Kรฅre, Bazai, Ayya (2024) Nb-Ta-Sn Oxides from Lithium-Beryllium-Tantalum Pegmatite Deposits of the Kolmozero–Voronja Belt, NW Russia: Implications for Tracing Ore-Forming Processes and Mineralization Signatures. Geosciences, 14 (1) doi:10.3390/geosciences14010009
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To cite: Ralph, J., Von Bargen, D., Martynov, P., Zhang, J., Que, X., Prabhu, A., Morrison, S. M., Li, W., Chen, W., & Ma, X. (2025). Mindat.org: The open access mineralogy database to accelerate data-intensive geoscience research. American Mineralogist, 110(6), 833โ€“844. doi:10.2138/am-2024-9486.
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