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Palea Kavala deposit, Kavala, Kavala, Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, Greecei
Regional Level Types
Palea Kavala depositDeposit
KavalaMunicipality
KavalaRegional Unit
Eastern Macedonia and ThraceAdministrative Region
GreeceCountry

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
41° 0' 24'' North , 24° 24' 53'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
41.00690,24.41489
GRN:
N28E14
Type:
Deposit
Kรถppen climate type:
Cfb : Temperate oceanic climate
Nearest Settlements:
PlacePopulationDistance
Palaiรก Kavรกla108 (2014)0.1km
Zygรณs1,485 (2014)2.9km
Kryonรฉri690 (2014)3.7km
Prรณsfyges572 (2014)4.1km
Chalkerรณ194 (2014)5.8km
Mindat Locality ID:
230418
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:230418:5
GUID (UUID V4):
0


The locality generally refers to the broader area in close proximity to the Palea Kavala village where plenty small-scale metallic occurrences have been identified (approximately 150 according to Giouri et al, 2018). The occurrences have been known and exploited since antiquity. Although still lacking concluding evidence, it is believed that the area corresponds to Herodotus mention (6.46) of "Scapte Hyle" gold and silver mines.

Geologically, the occurrences of chemical compositions such as Feโ€“Mn (Pb ยฑ Zn ยฑ Ag), Feโ€“Mnโ€“Au, Feโ€“Asโ€“Au, Feโ€“Cuโ€“Au and Biโ€“Teโ€“Au are found primarily in quartzโ€“calciteโ€“sulfide veins (hypogene mineralization) or as supergene bodies in overlapping zones centered around the ~21โ€“22 Ma granodioritic Kavala pluton. The presence of a zoned metallogenetic district centered on Biโ€“Teโ€“Pbโ€“Sb ยฑ Au mineralization within the Kavala pluton and the presence of both magnetite and ilmenite in the Kavala pluton indicate an intrusion-related gold system that formed along the ilmeniteโ€“magnetite buffer (Fornadel et al., 2011).

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Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

37 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded


Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

โ“˜ Ankerite
Formula: Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
โ“˜ Arseniosiderite
Formula: Ca2Fe3+3(AsO4)3O2 · 3H2O
โ“˜ Arsenopyrite
Formula: FeAsS
โ“˜ Bermanite
Formula: Mn2+Mn3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O
โ“˜ Beudantite
Formula: PbFe3+3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6
โ“˜ Bismuthinite
Formula: Bi2S3
โ“˜ Chalcocite
Formula: Cu2S
โ“˜ Chalcophanite
Formula: ZnMn4+3O7 · 3H2O
โ“˜ Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
โ“˜ Cosalite
Formula: Pb2Bi2S5
โ“˜ Covellite
Formula: CuS
โ“˜ Cryptomelane
Formula: K(Mn4+7Mn3+)O16
โ“˜ Galena
Formula: PbS
โ“˜ Goethite
Formula: Fe3+O(OH)
โ“˜ Groutite
Formula: Mn3+O(OH)
โ“˜ Kaolinite
Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
โ“˜ 'K Feldspar'
โ“˜ Lepidocrocite
Formula: Fe3+O(OH)
โ“˜ Lillianite
Formula: Pb3-2xAgxBi2+xS6
โ“˜ Manganite
Formula: Mn3+O(OH)
โ“˜ Manganosite
Formula: MnO
โ“˜ Mimetite
Formula: Pb5(AsO4)3Cl
โ“˜ Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
โ“˜ Native Gold
Formula: Au
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
โ“˜ Nsutite
Formula: (Mn4+,Mn2+)(O,OH)2
โ“˜ Paravauxite
Formula: Fe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O
โ“˜ Petzite
Formula: Ag3AuTe2
โ“˜ 'Plagioclase'
Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
โ“˜ Plumbojarosite
Formula: Pb0.5Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
โ“˜ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
โ“˜ Pyrolusite
Formula: Mn4+O2
โ“˜ Pyrrhotite
Formula: Fe1-xS
โ“˜ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
โ“˜ Rhodochrosite
Formula: MnCO3
โ“˜ Scorodite
Formula: Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O
โ“˜ Sphalerite
Formula: ZnS
โ“˜ Symplesite
Formula: Fe2+3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
โ“˜ Tetradymite
Formula: Bi2Te2S
โ“˜ 'Tetrahedrite Group'
Formula: M2(A6)M1(B4 C2)X3(D4)S1(Y12)S2(Z)
โ“˜ Todorokite
Formula: (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
โ“˜Native Gold1.AA.05Au
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
โ“˜Chalcocite2.BA.05Cu2S
โ“˜Petzite2.BA.75Ag3AuTe2
โ“˜Covellite2.CA.05aCuS
โ“˜Sphalerite2.CB.05aZnS
โ“˜Chalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
โ“˜Pyrrhotite2.CC.10Fe1-xS
โ“˜Galena2.CD.10PbS
โ“˜Bismuthinite2.DB.05Bi2S3
โ“˜Tetradymite2.DC.05Bi2Te2S
โ“˜Pyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
โ“˜Arsenopyrite2.EB.20FeAsS
โ“˜Cosalite2.JB.10Pb2Bi2S5
โ“˜Lillianite2.JB.40aPb3-2xAgxBi2+xS6
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
โ“˜Manganosite4.AB.25MnO
โ“˜Quartz4.DA.05SiO2
โ“˜Pyrolusite4.DB.05Mn4+O2
โ“˜Nsutite4.DB.15c(Mn4+,Mn2+)(O,OH)2
โ“˜Cryptomelane4.DK.05aK(Mn4+7Mn3+)O16
โ“˜Todorokite4.DK.10(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 ยท 3-4H2O
โ“˜Goethite4.FD.10Fe3+O(OH)
โ“˜Groutite4.FD.10Mn3+O(OH)
โ“˜Manganite4.FD.15Mn3+O(OH)
โ“˜Lepidocrocite4.FE.15Fe3+O(OH)
โ“˜Chalcophanite4.FL.20ZnMn4+3O7 ยท 3H2O
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
โ“˜Rhodochrosite5.AB.05MnCO3
โ“˜Ankerite5.AB.10Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
โ“˜Plumbojarosite7.BC.10Pb0.5Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
โ“˜Beudantite8.BL.05PbFe3+3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6
โ“˜Mimetite8.BN.05Pb5(AsO4)3Cl
โ“˜Scorodite8.CD.10Fe3+AsO4 ยท 2H2O
โ“˜Symplesite8.CE.45Fe2+3(AsO4)2 ยท 8H2O
โ“˜Bermanite8.DC.20Mn2+Mn3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 ยท 4H2O
โ“˜Paravauxite8.DC.30Fe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 ยท 8H2O
โ“˜Arseniosiderite8.DH.30Ca2Fe3+3(AsO4)3O2 ยท 3H2O
Group 9 - Silicates
โ“˜Muscovite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
โ“˜Kaolinite9.ED.05Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Unclassified
โ“˜'Plagioclase'-(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
โ“˜'K Feldspar'-
โ“˜'Tetrahedrite Group'-M2(A6)M1(B4 C2)X3(D4)S1(Y12)S2(Z)

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hโ“˜ ArseniosideriteCa2Fe33+(AsO4)3O2 · 3H2O
Hโ“˜ BermaniteMn2+Mn23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O
Hโ“˜ BeudantitePbFe33+(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6
Hโ“˜ ChalcophaniteZnMn34+O7 · 3H2O
Hโ“˜ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Hโ“˜ GroutiteMn3+O(OH)
Hโ“˜ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Hโ“˜ LepidocrociteFe3+O(OH)
Hโ“˜ ManganiteMn3+O(OH)
Hโ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hโ“˜ Nsutite(Mn4+,Mn2+)(O,OH)2
Hโ“˜ ParavauxiteFe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O
Hโ“˜ PlumbojarositePb0.5Fe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Hโ“˜ ScoroditeFe3+AsO4 · 2H2O
Hโ“˜ SymplesiteFe32+(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Hโ“˜ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
CCarbon
Cโ“˜ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Cโ“˜ RhodochrositeMnCO3
OOxygen
Oโ“˜ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Oโ“˜ ArseniosideriteCa2Fe33+(AsO4)3O2 · 3H2O
Oโ“˜ BermaniteMn2+Mn23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O
Oโ“˜ BeudantitePbFe33+(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6
Oโ“˜ ChalcophaniteZnMn34+O7 · 3H2O
Oโ“˜ CryptomelaneK(Mn74+Mn3+)O16
Oโ“˜ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Oโ“˜ GroutiteMn3+O(OH)
Oโ“˜ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Oโ“˜ LepidocrociteFe3+O(OH)
Oโ“˜ ManganositeMnO
Oโ“˜ ManganiteMn3+O(OH)
Oโ“˜ MimetitePb5(AsO4)3Cl
Oโ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oโ“˜ Nsutite(Mn4+,Mn2+)(O,OH)2
Oโ“˜ ParavauxiteFe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O
Oโ“˜ PlumbojarositePb0.5Fe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Oโ“˜ PyrolusiteMn4+O2
Oโ“˜ QuartzSiO2
Oโ“˜ RhodochrositeMnCO3
Oโ“˜ ScoroditeFe3+AsO4 · 2H2O
Oโ“˜ SymplesiteFe32+(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Oโ“˜ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
Oโ“˜ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
NaSodium
Naโ“˜ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
Naโ“˜ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
MgMagnesium
Mgโ“˜ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Mgโ“˜ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
AlAluminium
Alโ“˜ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Alโ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alโ“˜ ParavauxiteFe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O
Alโ“˜ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
Alโ“˜ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
SiSilicon
Siโ“˜ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Siโ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siโ“˜ QuartzSiO2
Siโ“˜ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
PPhosphorus
Pโ“˜ BermaniteMn2+Mn23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O
Pโ“˜ ParavauxiteFe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O
SSulfur
Sโ“˜ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Sโ“˜ BeudantitePbFe33+(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6
Sโ“˜ BismuthiniteBi2S3
Sโ“˜ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Sโ“˜ ChalcociteCu2S
Sโ“˜ CosalitePb2Bi2S5
Sโ“˜ CovelliteCuS
Sโ“˜ GalenaPbS
Sโ“˜ LillianitePb3-2xAgxBi2+xS6
Sโ“˜ PlumbojarositePb0.5Fe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Sโ“˜ PyriteFeS2
Sโ“˜ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Sโ“˜ SphaleriteZnS
Sโ“˜ TetradymiteBi2Te2S
Sโ“˜ Tetrahedrite GroupM2(A6)M1(B4 C2)X3(D4)S1(Y12)S2(Z)
ClChlorine
Clโ“˜ MimetitePb5(AsO4)3Cl
KPotassium
Kโ“˜ CryptomelaneK(Mn74+Mn3+)O16
Kโ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kโ“˜ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
CaCalcium
Caโ“˜ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Caโ“˜ ArseniosideriteCa2Fe33+(AsO4)3O2 · 3H2O
Caโ“˜ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
Caโ“˜ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
MnManganese
Mnโ“˜ BermaniteMn2+Mn23+(PO4)2(OH)2 · 4H2O
Mnโ“˜ ChalcophaniteZnMn34+O7 · 3H2O
Mnโ“˜ CryptomelaneK(Mn74+Mn3+)O16
Mnโ“˜ GroutiteMn3+O(OH)
Mnโ“˜ ManganositeMnO
Mnโ“˜ ManganiteMn3+O(OH)
Mnโ“˜ Nsutite(Mn4+,Mn2+)(O,OH)2
Mnโ“˜ PyrolusiteMn4+O2
Mnโ“˜ RhodochrositeMnCO3
Mnโ“˜ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
FeIron
Feโ“˜ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Feโ“˜ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Feโ“˜ ArseniosideriteCa2Fe33+(AsO4)3O2 · 3H2O
Feโ“˜ BeudantitePbFe33+(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6
Feโ“˜ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Feโ“˜ GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
Feโ“˜ LepidocrociteFe3+O(OH)
Feโ“˜ ParavauxiteFe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 · 8H2O
Feโ“˜ PlumbojarositePb0.5Fe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Feโ“˜ PyriteFeS2
Feโ“˜ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Feโ“˜ ScoroditeFe3+AsO4 · 2H2O
Feโ“˜ SymplesiteFe32+(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
CuCopper
Cuโ“˜ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Cuโ“˜ ChalcociteCu2S
Cuโ“˜ CovelliteCuS
ZnZinc
Znโ“˜ ChalcophaniteZnMn34+O7 · 3H2O
Znโ“˜ SphaleriteZnS
AsArsenic
Asโ“˜ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Asโ“˜ ArseniosideriteCa2Fe33+(AsO4)3O2 · 3H2O
Asโ“˜ BeudantitePbFe33+(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6
Asโ“˜ MimetitePb5(AsO4)3Cl
Asโ“˜ ScoroditeFe3+AsO4 · 2H2O
Asโ“˜ SymplesiteFe32+(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
SrStrontium
Srโ“˜ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
AgSilver
Agโ“˜ LillianitePb3-2xAgxBi2+xS6
Agโ“˜ PetziteAg3AuTe2
TeTellurium
Teโ“˜ PetziteAg3AuTe2
Teโ“˜ TetradymiteBi2Te2S
BaBarium
Baโ“˜ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
AuGold
Auโ“˜ Native GoldAu
Auโ“˜ PetziteAg3AuTe2
PbLead
Pbโ“˜ BeudantitePbFe33+(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6
Pbโ“˜ CosalitePb2Bi2S5
Pbโ“˜ GalenaPbS
Pbโ“˜ LillianitePb3-2xAgxBi2+xS6
Pbโ“˜ MimetitePb5(AsO4)3Cl
Pbโ“˜ PlumbojarositePb0.5Fe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
BiBismuth
Biโ“˜ BismuthiniteBi2S3
Biโ“˜ CosalitePb2Bi2S5
Biโ“˜ LillianitePb3-2xAgxBi2+xS6
Biโ“˜ TetradymiteBi2Te2S

Other Databases

Wikipedia:https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%AC_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B1
Wikidata ID:Q12279965

Localities in this Region

Greece
Greece

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate
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References

Arvanitidis, N., Kosmas, C., Eliopoulos, D., Perdikatsis, V., & Economou, G. (1989). Gold mineralization associated with carbonate-hosted polymetallic gossans in the area of Kavala. Geologica Rhodopica, 1, 340-349.
Vavelidis, M., Gialoglou, G., Melfos, B., & Wagner, G. A. (1996). Goldgrube in Palaea Kavala/Griechenland: Entdeckung von Skaptehyle? Erzmetall 49, 547-554 (in German)
Vavelidis, M., Christofides, G., & Melfos, V. (1996). The Au-Ag bearing mineralization and placer gold of Palea Kavala (Macedonia, N. Greece). Terranes of Serbia, The formation of the geologic framework of Serbia and the adjacent regions, Eds: Kneลพeviฤ‡ V. and Krstiฤ‡ B., Belgrade.
Vavelidis, M., Melfos, V., & Eleftheriadis, G. (1997). Mineralogy and microthermometric investigations in the Au-bearing sulphide mineralization of Palea Kavala (Macedonia, Greece). Mineral deposits: Research and exploration, where do they meet, 343-346.
Melfos, V., Voudouris, P., Vavelidis, M., & Spry, P. (2008). Microthermometric results and formation conditions of a new intrusion-related Bi-Te-Pb-SbยฑAu deposit in the Kavala pluton, Greece. In Proceedings of the XIII All-Russian conference on thermobarogeochemistry in conjunction with IV APIFIS symposium (Vol. 2, pp. 165-168). Aristotle University of Thessaloniki.
Fornadel, A. P., Spry, P. G., Vavelidis, M., Melfos, V. & Voudouris, P. (2009). The Palea Kavala reduced intrusion-related Bi-Te-Pb-SbยฑAu system, northeastern Greece: Mineralogical, fluid inclusion, and sulfur isotope studies. In 2009 Portland GSA annual meeting.
Fornadel, Andrew P.; Spry, Paul G.; Melfos, Vasilios; Vavelidis, Michael; Voudouris, Panagiotis Ch. (2011) Is the Palea Kavala Biโ€“Teโ€“Pbโ€“SbยฑAu district, northeastern Greece, an intrusion-related system? Ore Geology Reviews, 39 (3). doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2011.01.002
Giouri, K.; Vavelidis, M.; Melfos, V.; Papadopoulou, L. (2017) Assessment of selected metals enrichment in sediments from Palea Kavala river, NE Macedonia, Northern Greece. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, 50 (4). 2137-2144 doi:10.12681/bgsg.14266
Giouri, K.; Vavelidis, M.; Melfos, V. (2017) Occurrence of arsenic in waters and sediments of the Palea Kavala River, NE Macedonia, Northern Greece. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece, 47 (2). 934-941 doi:10.12681/bgsg.11133
Giouri, Katerina; Melfos, Vasilios; Papadopoulou, Lamprini; Vavelidis, Michael; Alifragkis, Dimitrios (2018) Selected Metal Content and Binding Behaviour in Riverbed Sediments of the Kavalaโ€“Philippi Area (Northern Greece). Geosciences, 8 (5). 187 doi:10.3390/geosciences8050187
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