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Homa Mountain complex, Homa Bay County, Kenyai
Regional Level Types
Homa Mountain complexComplex
Homa Bay CountyCounty
KenyaCountry

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05155600017272298312277.jpg
Homa Mountain Carbonatite Complex from Lake Victoria

Homa Mountain complex, Homa Bay County, Kenya
05155600017272298312277.jpg
Homa Mountain Carbonatite Complex from Lake Victoria

Homa Mountain complex, Homa Bay County, Kenya
05155600017272298312277.jpg
Homa Mountain Carbonatite Complex from Lake Victoria

Homa Mountain complex, Homa Bay County, Kenya
Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
0° 22' 59'' South , 34° 30' 0'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
-0.38333,34.50000
GeoHash:
G#: kzbtc44nu
GRN:
S01E24
Type:
Complex
Kรถppen climate type:
Af : Tropical rainforest climate
Mindat Locality ID:
209290
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:209290:7
GUID (UUID V4):
0


Carbonatite cone-sheet complex, emplaced in volcanic rocks (mainly rhyolite and dacite) which are fenitized over a wide area, with the development of aegirine and amphibole in typical fenite veinlets. Fenitization is particularly intense around ijolite masses which intruded early in the sequence. Is some 20km wide and main intrusion rises 600m above the lake.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List


18 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

โ“˜ Aegirine
Formula: NaFe3+Si2O6
References:
Sutherland, Diana S. (1969) Sodic amphiboles and pyroxenes from fenites in East Africa. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 24 (2) 114-135 doi:10.1007/bf00376886
Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0
Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Clarke, M. G. C., & Roberts, B. (1986). Carbonated melilitites and calcitized alkalicarbonatites from Homa Mountain, western Kenya: a reinterpretation. Geological Magazine, 123(6), 683-692. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800024195
Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88.
Kalt, A., Hegner, E., Satir, M. (1997) Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278 (1) 31-45 doi:10.1016/s0040-1951(97)00093-0
โ“˜ Albite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
โ“˜ 'Alkali pyroxene'
References:
Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0
Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Clarke, M. G. C., & Roberts, B. (1986). Carbonated melilitites and calcitized alkalicarbonatites from Homa Mountain, western Kenya: a reinterpretation. Geological Magazine, 123(6), 683-692. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800024195
Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88.
Kalt, A., Hegner, E., Satir, M. (1997) Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278 (1) 31-45 doi:10.1016/s0040-1951(97)00093-0
โ“˜ 'Amphibole Supergroup'
Formula: AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
References:
Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0
Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Clarke, M. G. C., & Roberts, B. (1986). Carbonated melilitites and calcitized alkalicarbonatites from Homa Mountain, western Kenya: a reinterpretation. Geological Magazine, 123(6), 683-692. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800024195
Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88.
Kalt, A., Hegner, E., Satir, M. (1997) Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278 (1) 31-45 doi:10.1016/s0040-1951(97)00093-0
โ“˜ Andradite
Formula: Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3
โ“˜ Andradite var. Melanite
Formula: Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3
References:
USGS Open-File Report 02โ€“156โ€“A
Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0
Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Clarke, M. G. C., & Roberts, B. (1986). Carbonated melilitites and calcitized alkalicarbonatites from Homa Mountain, western Kenya: a reinterpretation. Geological Magazine, 123(6), 683-692. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800024195
Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88.
Kalt, A., Hegner, E., Satir, M. (1997) Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278 (1) 31-45 doi:10.1016/s0040-1951(97)00093-0
โ“˜ 'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
References:
USGS Open-File Report 02โ€“156โ€“A
Sutherland, Diana S. (1969) Sodic amphiboles and pyroxenes from fenites in East Africa. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 24 (2) 114-135 doi:10.1007/bf00376886
Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0
Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Clarke, M. G. C., & Roberts, B. (1986). Carbonated melilitites and calcitized alkalicarbonatites from Homa Mountain, western Kenya: a reinterpretation. Geological Magazine, 123(6), 683-692. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800024195
Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88.
Kalt, A., Hegner, E., Satir, M. (1997) Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278 (1) 31-45 doi:10.1016/s0040-1951(97)00093-0
โ“˜ Augite
Formula: (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
References:
Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0
Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Clarke, M. G. C., & Roberts, B. (1986). Carbonated melilitites and calcitized alkalicarbonatites from Homa Mountain, western Kenya: a reinterpretation. Geological Magazine, 123(6), 683-692. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800024195
Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88.
Kalt, A., Hegner, E., Satir, M. (1997) Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278 (1) 31-45 doi:10.1016/s0040-1951(97)00093-0
โ“˜ Baryte
Formula: BaSO4
References:
USGS Open-File Report 02โ€“156โ€“A
Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0
Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Clarke, M. G. C., & Roberts, B. (1986). Carbonated melilitites and calcitized alkalicarbonatites from Homa Mountain, western Kenya: a reinterpretation. Geological Magazine, 123(6), 683-692. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800024195
Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88.
Kalt, A., Hegner, E., Satir, M. (1997) Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278 (1) 31-45 doi:10.1016/s0040-1951(97)00093-0
โ“˜ 'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
References:
Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0
Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Clarke, M. G. C., & Roberts, B. (1986). Carbonated melilitites and calcitized alkalicarbonatites from Homa Mountain, western Kenya: a reinterpretation. Geological Magazine, 123(6), 683-692. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800024195
Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88.
Kalt, A., Hegner, E., Satir, M. (1997) Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278 (1) 31-45 doi:10.1016/s0040-1951(97)00093-0
โ“˜ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
References:
USGS Open-File Report 02โ€“156โ€“A
Sutherland, Diana S. (1969) Sodic amphiboles and pyroxenes from fenites in East Africa. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 24 (2) 114-135 doi:10.1007/bf00376886
Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0
Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Clarke, M. G. C., & Roberts, B. (1986). Carbonated melilitites and calcitized alkalicarbonatites from Homa Mountain, western Kenya: a reinterpretation. Geological Magazine, 123(6), 683-692. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800024195
Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88.
Kalt, A., Hegner, E., Satir, M. (1997) Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278 (1) 31-45 doi:10.1016/s0040-1951(97)00093-0
โ“˜ Diopside
Formula: CaMgSi2O6
References:
Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0
Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Clarke, M. G. C., & Roberts, B. (1986). Carbonated melilitites and calcitized alkalicarbonatites from Homa Mountain, western Kenya: a reinterpretation. Geological Magazine, 123(6), 683-692. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800024195
Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88.
Kalt, A., Hegner, E., Satir, M. (1997) Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278 (1) 31-45 doi:10.1016/s0040-1951(97)00093-0
โ“˜ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'
References:
Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0
Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Clarke, M. G. C., & Roberts, B. (1986). Carbonated melilitites and calcitized alkalicarbonatites from Homa Mountain, western Kenya: a reinterpretation. Geological Magazine, 123(6), 683-692. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800024195
Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88.
Kalt, A., Hegner, E., Satir, M. (1997) Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278 (1) 31-45 doi:10.1016/s0040-1951(97)00093-0
โ“˜ 'Feldspar Group'
References:
Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0
Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Clarke, M. G. C., & Roberts, B. (1986). Carbonated melilitites and calcitized alkalicarbonatites from Homa Mountain, western Kenya: a reinterpretation. Geological Magazine, 123(6), 683-692. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800024195
Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88.
Kalt, A., Hegner, E., Satir, M. (1997) Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278 (1) 31-45 doi:10.1016/s0040-1951(97)00093-0
โ“˜ Fluorite
Formula: CaF2
References:
Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0
Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Clarke, M. G. C., & Roberts, B. (1986). Carbonated melilitites and calcitized alkalicarbonatites from Homa Mountain, western Kenya: a reinterpretation. Geological Magazine, 123(6), 683-692. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800024195
Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88.
Kalt, A., Hegner, E., Satir, M. (1997) Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278 (1) 31-45 doi:10.1016/s0040-1951(97)00093-0
โ“˜ Hydroxylapatite
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(OH)
โ“˜ Hydroxylapatite var. Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite
Formula: Ca5(PO4,CO3)3(OH,O)
References:
USGS Open-File Report 02โ€“156โ€“A
Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0
Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Clarke, M. G. C., & Roberts, B. (1986). Carbonated melilitites and calcitized alkalicarbonatites from Homa Mountain, western Kenya: a reinterpretation. Geological Magazine, 123(6), 683-692. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800024195
Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88.
Kalt, A., Hegner, E., Satir, M. (1997) Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278 (1) 31-45 doi:10.1016/s0040-1951(97)00093-0
โ“˜ 'Limonite'
References:
Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0
Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Clarke, M. G. C., & Roberts, B. (1986). Carbonated melilitites and calcitized alkalicarbonatites from Homa Mountain, western Kenya: a reinterpretation. Geological Magazine, 123(6), 683-692. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800024195
Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88.
Kalt, A., Hegner, E., Satir, M. (1997) Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278 (1) 31-45 doi:10.1016/s0040-1951(97)00093-0
โ“˜ Magnesio-arfvedsonite
Formula: {Na}{Na2}{Mg4Fe3+}(Si8O22)(OH)2
โ“˜ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
References:
USGS Open-File Report 02โ€“156โ€“A
Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0
Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Clarke, M. G. C., & Roberts, B. (1986). Carbonated melilitites and calcitized alkalicarbonatites from Homa Mountain, western Kenya: a reinterpretation. Geological Magazine, 123(6), 683-692. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800024195
Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88.
Kalt, A., Hegner, E., Satir, M. (1997) Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278 (1) 31-45 doi:10.1016/s0040-1951(97)00093-0
โ“˜ 'Melilite Group'
Formula: Ca2M(XSiO7)
References:
Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0
Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Clarke, M. G. C., & Roberts, B. (1986). Carbonated melilitites and calcitized alkalicarbonatites from Homa Mountain, western Kenya: a reinterpretation. Geological Magazine, 123(6), 683-692. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800024195
Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88.
Kalt, A., Hegner, E., Satir, M. (1997) Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278 (1) 31-45 doi:10.1016/s0040-1951(97)00093-0
โ“˜ Microcline
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
โ“˜ 'Monazite Group'
Formula: REE(PO4)
References:
USGS Open-File Report 02โ€“156โ€“A
Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0
Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Clarke, M. G. C., & Roberts, B. (1986). Carbonated melilitites and calcitized alkalicarbonatites from Homa Mountain, western Kenya: a reinterpretation. Geological Magazine, 123(6), 683-692. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800024195
Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88.
Kalt, A., Hegner, E., Satir, M. (1997) Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278 (1) 31-45 doi:10.1016/s0040-1951(97)00093-0
โ“˜ Nepheline
Formula: Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
References:
USGS Open-File Report 02โ€“156โ€“A
Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0
Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Clarke, M. G. C., & Roberts, B. (1986). Carbonated melilitites and calcitized alkalicarbonatites from Homa Mountain, western Kenya: a reinterpretation. Geological Magazine, 123(6), 683-692. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800024195
Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88.
Kalt, A., Hegner, E., Satir, M. (1997) Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278 (1) 31-45 doi:10.1016/s0040-1951(97)00093-0
โ“˜ Nyerereite
Formula: Na2Ca(CO3)2
References:
Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0
Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Clarke, M. G. C., & Roberts, B. (1986). Carbonated melilitites and calcitized alkalicarbonatites from Homa Mountain, western Kenya: a reinterpretation. Geological Magazine, 123(6), 683-692. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800024195
Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88.
Kalt, A., Hegner, E., Satir, M. (1997) Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278 (1) 31-45 doi:10.1016/s0040-1951(97)00093-0
โ“˜ Phlogopite
Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
References:
Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0
Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Clarke, M. G. C., & Roberts, B. (1986). Carbonated melilitites and calcitized alkalicarbonatites from Homa Mountain, western Kenya: a reinterpretation. Geological Magazine, 123(6), 683-692. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800024195
Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88.
Kalt, A., Hegner, E., Satir, M. (1997) Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278 (1) 31-45 doi:10.1016/s0040-1951(97)00093-0
โ“˜ 'Pyrochlore Group'
Formula: A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
References:
USGS Open-File Report 02โ€“156โ€“A
Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0
Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Clarke, M. G. C., & Roberts, B. (1986). Carbonated melilitites and calcitized alkalicarbonatites from Homa Mountain, western Kenya: a reinterpretation. Geological Magazine, 123(6), 683-692. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800024195
Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88.
Kalt, A., Hegner, E., Satir, M. (1997) Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278 (1) 31-45 doi:10.1016/s0040-1951(97)00093-0
โ“˜ 'Pyroxene Group'
Formula: ADSi2O6
References:
Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0
Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Clarke, M. G. C., & Roberts, B. (1986). Carbonated melilitites and calcitized alkalicarbonatites from Homa Mountain, western Kenya: a reinterpretation. Geological Magazine, 123(6), 683-692. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800024195
Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88.
Kalt, A., Hegner, E., Satir, M. (1997) Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278 (1) 31-45 doi:10.1016/s0040-1951(97)00093-0
โ“˜ Richterite
Formula: Na(NaCa)Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
โ“˜ Titanite
Formula: CaTi(SiO4)O
โ“˜ Wollastonite
Formula: Ca3(Si3O9)
References:
USGS Open-File Report 02โ€“156โ€“A
Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0
Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Clarke, M. G. C., & Roberts, B. (1986). Carbonated melilitites and calcitized alkalicarbonatites from Homa Mountain, western Kenya: a reinterpretation. Geological Magazine, 123(6), 683-692. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800024195
Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88.
Kalt, A., Hegner, E., Satir, M. (1997) Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278 (1) 31-45 doi:10.1016/s0040-1951(97)00093-0

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 3 - Halides
โ“˜Fluorite3.AB.25CaF2
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
โ“˜'Pyrochlore Group'4.00.A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
โ“˜Magnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
โ“˜Calcite5.AB.05CaCO3
โ“˜Nyerereite5.AC.10Na2Ca(CO3)2
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
โ“˜Baryte7.AD.35BaSO4
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
โ“˜Hydroxylapatite
var. Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite		8.BN.05Ca5(PO4,CO3)3(OH,O)
โ“˜8.BN.05Ca5(PO4)3(OH)
Group 9 - Silicates
โ“˜Andradite9.AD.25Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3
โ“˜var. Melanite9.AD.25Ca3Fe3+2(SiO4)3
โ“˜Titanite9.AG.15CaTi(SiO4)O
โ“˜Augite9.DA.15(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
โ“˜Diopside9.DA.15CaMgSi2O6
โ“˜Aegirine9.DA.25NaFe3+Si2O6
โ“˜Richterite9.DE.20Na(NaCa)Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
โ“˜Magnesio-arfvedsonite9.DE.25{Na}{Na2}{Mg4Fe3+}(Si8O22)(OH)2
โ“˜Wollastonite9.DG.05Ca3(Si3O9)
โ“˜Phlogopite9.EC.20KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
โ“˜Nepheline9.FA.05Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
โ“˜Microcline9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
โ“˜Albite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
Unclassified
โ“˜'Amphibole Supergroup'-AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
โ“˜'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
โ“˜'Feldspar Group'-
โ“˜'Limonite'-
โ“˜'Monazite Group'-REE(PO4)
โ“˜'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'-
โ“˜'Pyroxene Group'-ADSi2O6
โ“˜'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
โ“˜'Melilite Group'-Ca2M(XSiO7)
โ“˜'Alkali pyroxene'-

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hโ“˜ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Hโ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Hโ“˜ Hydroxylapatite var. Carbonate-rich HydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4,CO3)3(OH,O)
Hโ“˜ HydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4)3(OH)
Hโ“˜ Magnesio-arfvedsonite{Na}{Na2}{Mg4Fe3+}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Hโ“˜ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hโ“˜ Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
Hโ“˜ RichteriteNa(NaCa)Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Hโ“˜ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
CCarbon
Cโ“˜ CalciteCaCO3
Cโ“˜ Hydroxylapatite var. Carbonate-rich HydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4,CO3)3(OH,O)
Cโ“˜ NyerereiteNa2Ca(CO3)2
OOxygen
Oโ“˜ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Oโ“˜ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Oโ“˜ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Oโ“˜ AndraditeCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Oโ“˜ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Oโ“˜ BaryteBaSO4
Oโ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Oโ“˜ CalciteCaCO3
Oโ“˜ Hydroxylapatite var. Carbonate-rich HydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4,CO3)3(OH,O)
Oโ“˜ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Oโ“˜ HydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4)3(OH)
Oโ“˜ Magnesio-arfvedsonite{Na}{Na2}{Mg4Fe3+}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Oโ“˜ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oโ“˜ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Oโ“˜ Monazite GroupREE(PO4)
Oโ“˜ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Oโ“˜ NyerereiteNa2Ca(CO3)2
Oโ“˜ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oโ“˜ Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
Oโ“˜ RichteriteNa(NaCa)Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Oโ“˜ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Oโ“˜ WollastoniteCa3(Si3O9)
Oโ“˜ Andradite var. MelaniteCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Oโ“˜ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Oโ“˜ Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
Oโ“˜ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Oโ“˜ Melilite GroupCa2M(XSiO7)
FFluorine
Fโ“˜ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Fโ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Fโ“˜ FluoriteCaF2
Fโ“˜ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
NaSodium
Naโ“˜ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Naโ“˜ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Naโ“˜ Magnesio-arfvedsonite{Na}{Na2}{Mg4Fe3+}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Naโ“˜ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Naโ“˜ NyerereiteNa2Ca(CO3)2
Naโ“˜ RichteriteNa(NaCa)Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
MgMagnesium
Mgโ“˜ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Mgโ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Mgโ“˜ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Mgโ“˜ Magnesio-arfvedsonite{Na}{Na2}{Mg4Fe3+}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Mgโ“˜ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Mgโ“˜ RichteriteNa(NaCa)Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Mgโ“˜ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
AlAluminium
Alโ“˜ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Alโ“˜ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Alโ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Alโ“˜ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Alโ“˜ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Alโ“˜ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
SiSilicon
Siโ“˜ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Siโ“˜ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Siโ“˜ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Siโ“˜ AndraditeCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Siโ“˜ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Siโ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Siโ“˜ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Siโ“˜ Magnesio-arfvedsonite{Na}{Na2}{Mg4Fe3+}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Siโ“˜ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Siโ“˜ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Siโ“˜ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siโ“˜ RichteriteNa(NaCa)Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Siโ“˜ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Siโ“˜ WollastoniteCa3(Si3O9)
Siโ“˜ Andradite var. MelaniteCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Siโ“˜ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
Siโ“˜ Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
Siโ“˜ Melilite GroupCa2M(XSiO7)
PPhosphorus
Pโ“˜ Hydroxylapatite var. Carbonate-rich HydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4,CO3)3(OH,O)
Pโ“˜ HydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4)3(OH)
Pโ“˜ Monazite GroupREE(PO4)
Pโ“˜ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
SSulfur
Sโ“˜ BaryteBaSO4
ClChlorine
Clโ“˜ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Clโ“˜ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
KPotassium
Kโ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Kโ“˜ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Kโ“˜ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Kโ“˜ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CaCalcium
Caโ“˜ AndraditeCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Caโ“˜ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Caโ“˜ CalciteCaCO3
Caโ“˜ Hydroxylapatite var. Carbonate-rich HydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4,CO3)3(OH,O)
Caโ“˜ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Caโ“˜ FluoriteCaF2
Caโ“˜ HydroxylapatiteCa5(PO4)3(OH)
Caโ“˜ NyerereiteNa2Ca(CO3)2
Caโ“˜ RichteriteNa(NaCa)Mg5(Si8O22)(OH)2
Caโ“˜ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Caโ“˜ WollastoniteCa3(Si3O9)
Caโ“˜ Andradite var. MelaniteCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Caโ“˜ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Caโ“˜ Melilite GroupCa2M(XSiO7)
TiTitanium
Tiโ“˜ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Tiโ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Tiโ“˜ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
FeIron
Feโ“˜ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Feโ“˜ AndraditeCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Feโ“˜ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Feโ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Feโ“˜ Magnesio-arfvedsonite{Na}{Na2}{Mg4Fe3+}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Feโ“˜ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feโ“˜ Andradite var. MelaniteCa3Fe23+(SiO4)3
Feโ“˜ Fayalite-Forsterite Series
NbNiobium
Nbโ“˜ Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
BaBarium
Baโ“˜ BaryteBaSO4

Geochronology

Mineralization age: Cenozoic : 12 Ma to 1.3 Ma

Important note: This table is based only on rock and mineral ages recorded on mindat.org for this locality and is not necessarily a complete representation of the geochronology, but does give an indication of possible mineralization events relevant to this locality. As more age information is added this table may expand in the future. A break in the table simply indicates a lack of data entered here, not necessarily a break in the geologic sequence. Grey background entries are from different, related, localities.

Geologic TimeRocks, Minerals and Events
Phanerozoic
 Cenozoic
  Quaternary
   Pleistocene
โ“˜ Biotite (youngest age)1.3 Ma
    
   
  Neogene
   Miocene
โ“˜ Biotite (oldest age)12 Ma

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

AfricaContinent
African Plate
Kenya
Somali PlateTectonic Plate

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Sutherland, Diana S. (1969) Sodic amphiboles and pyroxenes from fenites in East Africa. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 24 (2) 114-135 doi:10.1007/bf00376886
Deines, P., & Gold, D. P. (1973). The isotopic composition of carbonatite and kimberlite carbonates and their bearing on the isotopic composition of deep-seated carbon. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 37(7), 1709-1733. doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(73)90158-0
Le Bas, M. J. (1977). Carbonatite-nephelinite volcanism: an African case history. London: Wiley.
Clarke, M. G. C., & Roberts, B. (1986). Carbonated melilitites and calcitized alkalicarbonatites from Homa Mountain, western Kenya: a reinterpretation. Geological Magazine, 123(6), 683-692. doi.org/10.1017/S0016756800024195
Keller, J. (1989). Extrusive carbonatites and their significance. Carbonatites: genesis and evolution. Unwin Hyman, London, 70-88.
Kalt, A., Hegner, E., Satir, M. (1997) Nd, Sr, and Pb isotopic evidence for diverse lithospheric mantle sources of East African Rift carbonatites. Tectonophysics, 278 (1) 31-45 doi:10.1016/s0040-1951(97)00093-0
Woolley, A. R. (2001) Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World, Part 3: Africa - Alkaline Rocks and Carbonatites of the World. The Geological Society of London.p.123
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