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bog

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Appendix:Variations of "bog"

Translingual

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Symbol

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bog

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Bamako Sign Language.

See also

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English

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English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from Middle English bog (originally chiefly in Ireland and Scotland), from Irish and Scottish Gaelic bogach (“soft, boggy ground”), from Old Irish bog (“soft”),[1] from Proto-Celtic *buggos (“soft, tender”) + Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-ākos.

The frequent use to form compounds regarding the animals and plants in such areas mimics Irish compositions such as bog-luachair (“bulrush, bogrush”).[1]

Its use for toilets is now often derived from the resemblance of latrines and outhouse cesspools to bogholes,[2][3] but the noun sense appears to be a clipped form of boghouse (“outhouse, privy”),[4] which derived (possibly via boggard) from the verb to bog,[5] still used in Australian English.[3] The derivation and its connection to other senses of "bog" remains uncertain, however, owing to an extreme lack of early citations due to its perceived vulgarity.[6][7]

Noun

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bog (plural bogs)

  2. An area of decayed vegetation (particularly sphagnum moss) which forms a wet spongy ground too soft for walking.
    Synonyms: marsh, swamp, mire
    Coordinate terms: flood meadow, water meadow, callow
    Near-synonyms: fen, slough, moor
    • 1599 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Life of Henry the Fift”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene vii], line 56:
      They that ride so... fall into foule Boggs.
    • 1612, John Speed, chapter IV, in The Theatre of the Empire of Great Britaine, volume IV, page 143:
      Certaine... places [in Ireland]... which of their softnes are vsually tearmed Boghes.
    • a. 1687, William Petty, Political Arithmetick:
      Bog may by draining be made Meadow.
    • 1912, Arthur Conan Doyle, The Lost World […], London; New York, N.Y.: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC:
      [W]e entered a region where the stream widened out and formed a considerable bog.
    • 1974 02, “Boys' Life”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name), page 21:
      [Cedar Bog] is a living museum of plants that once were spread over a far wider area. It is the southernmost such alkaline bog in North America, and teachers take their classes there to study this unique natural area. […]
    • 1993, “Swamp Song”, performed by Tool:
      You're dancing in quicksand
      Why don't you watch where you're wandering?
      Why don't you watch where you're stumbling?
      You're wading knee deep and going in
      And you may never come back again
      This bog is thick and easy to get lost in
    • 2004 November 15, Retro Studios, Metroid Prime 2: Echoes, Nintendo, level/area: Main Energy Controller (Great Temple):
      U-Mos: 'The swamplands of Torvus are treacherous, and can hinder you considerably. Bear this in mind as you move through the bog.'
    1. (wetland science, specifically) An acidic, chiefly rain-fed (ombrotrophic), peat-forming wetland. (Contrast an alkaline fen, and swamps and marshes.)
      • 1996, Geological Survey (U.S.), National Water Summary on Wetland Resources, →ISBN, page 214:
        Bogs are acidic, nutrient poor, and have a low species diversity, whereas fens are less acidic and have higher nutrient levels and species diversity. Typically, the herbaceous layer in bogs is dominated by sphagnum moss, whereas […]
      • 2016 December 19, Ralph W. Tiner, Wetland Indicators: A Guide to Wetland Formation, Identification, Delineation, Classification, and Mapping, Second Edition, CRC Press, →ISBN, page 122:
        Bogs are acidic peatlands, characteristic of boreal forests and mountainous regions (Figures 9.3 and 9.4). Their hydrology is precipitation driven as bogs do not receive floodwaters from neighboring rivers and streams […]
      • 2019 February 19, Sincere Humphrey, Freshwater Microbiology, Scientific e-Resources, →ISBN, page 24:
        Bogs are acidic peatlands, while fens are non-acidic peatlands. The thick mat of dead plants forms sphagnum moss and peat, which is where we get our peat moss. Over a long period of time, the bog may fill up and a forest will grow in […]
    2. (uncountable) Boggy ground.
      • 1931, Ion L. Idriess, Lasseter's Last Ride, Sydney: Angus and Robertson, page 101:
        He laughed each time a camel sank down, and he laughed as they strained and pulled and struggled to get the beast on to its clumsy feet again. So sure on sand, so clumsy in bog!
  3. (figuratively) Confusion, difficulty, or any other thing or place that impedes progress in the manner of such areas.
    • 1614, John King, Vitis Palatina, page 30:
      ...quagmires and bogges of Romish superstition...
    • a. 1796, Robert Burns, Poems & Songs, volume I:
      Last day my mind was in a bog.
    • 1841, Charles Dickens, chapter LXXII, in Barnaby Rudge, page 358:
      He wandered out again, in a perfect bog of uncertainty.
  5. (UK, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand, slang) A place to defecate: originally specifically a latrine or outhouse but now used for any toilet.
    I'm on the bog ― I'm sitting on/using the toilet
    I'm in the bog ― I'm in the bathroom
    • 1665, Richard Head et al., The English Rogue Described in the Life of Meriton Latroon, volume I:
      Fearing I should catch cold, they out of pity covered me warm in a Bogg-house.
    • a. 1789, Verses to John Howard F.R.S. on His State of Prisons and Lazarettos, published 1789, page 181:
      ...That no dirt... be thrown out of any window, or down the bogs...
    • 1864, J.C. Hotten, The Slang Dictionary, page 79:
      Bog, or bog-house, a privy as distinguished from a water-closet.
    • 1959, William Golding, chapter I, in Free Fall, page 23:
      Our lodger had our upstairs, use of the stove, our tap, and our bog.
  6. (Australia and New Zealand, slang) An act or instance of defecation.
  7. (US, dialect) A little elevated spot or clump of earth, roots, and grass, in a marsh or swamp.
  8. (US) Chicken bog.
    • 2013, James Villas, Southern Fried: More Than 150 Recipes for Crab Cakes, Fried Chicken, Hush Puppies, and More, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, →ISBN, page 196:
      Damon does emphasize that great red rice should always be fluffy and never mushy like a rice bog.
    • 2016 October 1, Elliott Moss, Buxton Hall Barbecue's Book of Smoke: Wood-Smoked Meat, Sides, and More, Voyageur Press, →ISBN, page 113:
      I love Chicken Bog because it's one of those very regional recipes that has survived […] Don't skim or otherwise remove the fat from the stock though—it will help flavor the bog. Let the chicken cool and then pick the meat, setting it aside for the bog recipe that follows. The broth will […]
    • 2018, Ann W Phillips, Lady Of Esterbrooke:
      Chicken and rice bog for their supper so she wouldn't have to cook.
Alternative forms
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Synonyms
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Hyponyms
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Derived terms
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Translations
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See also

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Verb

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bog (third-person singular simple present bogs, present participle bogging, simple past and past participle bogged)

  1. (transitive, now often with "down") To sink or submerge someone or something into bogland.
    • 1928, American Dialect Society, American Speech, volume IV, page 132:
      To be 'bogged down' or 'mired down' is to be mired, generally in the 'wet valleys' in the spring.
  2. (figuratively) To prevent or slow someone or something from making progress.
  3. (intransitive, now often with "down") To sink and stick in bogland.
    • a. 1800, The Trials of James, Duncan, and Robert M'Gregor, Three Sons of the Celebrated Rob Roy, page 120:
      Duncan Graham in Gartmore his horse bogged; that the deponent helped some others to take the horse out of the bogg.
  4. (figuratively) To be prevented or impeded from making progress, to become stuck.
  5. (intransitive, originally vulgar UK, now chiefly Australia) To defecate, to void one's bowels.
  6. (transitive, originally vulgar UK, now chiefly Australia) To cover or spray with excrement.
  7. (transitive, UK, informal) To make a mess of something.
Alternative forms
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Derived terms
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Translations
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Etymology 2

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See bug[8]

Noun

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bog (plural bogs)

  1. (obsolete) Alternative form of bug: a bugbear, monster, or terror.
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Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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Uncertain,[9] although possibly related to bug in its original senses of "big" and "puffed up".

Alternative forms

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  • (all senses): bug (Derbyshire & Lincolnshire)

Adjective

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bog (comparative bogger, superlative boggest)

  1. (obsolete) Bold; boastful; proud.
    • 1592, William Warner, chapter XXXVII, in Albions England, volume VII, page 167:
      The Cuckooe, seeing him so bog, waxt also wondrous wroth.
    • 1691, John Ray, South and East Country Words, page 90:
      Bogge, bold, forward, sawcy. So we say, a very bog Fellow.
Derived terms
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Noun

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bog (plural bogs)

  1. (obsolete) Puffery, boastfulness.
    • 1839, Charles Clark, John Noakes and Mary Styles, l. 3:
      Their bog it nuver ceases.

Verb

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bog (third-person singular simple present bogs, present participle bogging, simple past and past participle bogged)

  1. (transitive, obsolete) To provoke, to bug.
    • 1546, State Papers King Henry the Eighth, volume XI, published 1852, page 163:
      If you had not written to me... we had broke now, the Frenchmen bogged us so often with departing.
    • 1556, Nicholas Grimald's translation of Cicero as Marcus Tullius Ciceroes Thre Bokes of Duties to Marcus His Sonne, Vol. III, p. 154:
      A Frencheman: whom he [Manlius Torquatus] slew, being bogged [Latin: provocatus] by hym.

Etymology 4

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From bug off, a clipping of bugger off, likely under the influence of bog (coarse British slang for "toilet[s]").

Verb

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bog (third-person singular simple present bogs, present participle bogging, simple past and past participle bogged)

  1. (euphemistic, slang, UK, usually with "off") To go away.
Derived terms
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Etymology 5

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From an abbreviation of Bogdanoff, in reference to Igor and Grichka Bogdanoff.

Verb

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bog (third-person singular simple present bogs, present participle bogging, simple past and past participle bogged)

  1. (4chan, Internet slang, transitive) To perform excessive cosmetic surgery that results in a bizarre or obviously artificial facial appearance.
  2. (4chan, Internet slang, reflexive) To have excessive cosmetic surgery performed on oneself, often with a poor or conspicuously unnatural result.
    • 2023 August 4, anonymous author, 4chan‎[1], /lgbt/:
      My nose is already pretty good and I don't want to bog myself.

See also

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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Oxford English Dictionary, 1st ed. "bog, n.¹" & "bog, v.¹" Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1887.
  2. ^ Oxford Dictionaries. "British English: bog". Oxford University Press (Oxford), 2016.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 The Collins English Dictionary. "bog". HarperCollins (London), 2016.
  4. ^ Oxford English Dictionary, "bog, n.⁴"
  5. ^ Oxford English Dictionary, "'bog-house, n." & "† 'boggard, n.²".
  6. ^ Merriam-Webster Online. "bog". Merriam-Webster (Springfield, Mass.), 2016.
  7. ^ Oxford English Dictionary, "bog, v.³"
  8. ^ Oxford English Dictionary. "† bog | bogge, n.²"
  9. ^ Oxford English Dictionary, "† bog, adj. and n.³" & † bog, v.²".

Anagrams

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Danish

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /bɔːˀɣ/, [ˈb̥ɔ̝ːˀw], [ˈb̥ɔ̝ːwˀ], [ˈb̥ɔ̽wˀ]

Etymology 1

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    Inherited from Old Norse bók (“beech, book”), from Proto-Germanic *bōks, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵos (“beech”).

    Noun

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    bog c (singular definite bogen, plural indefinite bøger)

    1. book
    Declension
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    Declension of bog
    common
    gender     		singular plural
    indefinite definite indefinite definite
    nominative bog bogen bøger bøgerne
    genitive bogs bogens bøgers bøgernes
    Derived terms
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    Etymology 2

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    Maybe from Middle Low German bōk.

    Noun

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    bog c (singular definite bogen, plural indefinite bog)

    1. beechnut, beech mast
    Declension
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    Declension of bog
    common
    gender     		singular plural
    indefinite definite indefinite definite
    nominative bog bogen bog bogene
    genitive bogs bogens bogs bogenes
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    References

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    Further reading

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    French

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    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    bog m (plural bogs)

    1. (ecology) an ombrotrophic peatland
      Antonym: fen

    Further reading

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    German

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    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    bog

    1. first/third-person singular preterite of biegen

    Hungarian

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    Etymology

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    Probably from Proto-Finno-Ugric *poŋka (“knot, knob, protuberance, unevenness”). Cognates include Estonian pung.[1][2]

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    bog (plural bogok)

    1. knot
      Synonym: csomó

    Declension

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    Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
    singular plural
    nominative bog bogok
    accusative bogot bogokat
    dative bognak bogoknak
    instrumental boggal bogokkal
    causal-final bogért bogokért
    translative boggá bogokká
    terminative bogig bogokig
    essive-formal bogként bogokként
    essive-modal — —
    inessive bogban bogokban
    superessive bogon bogokon
    adessive bognál bogoknál
    illative bogba bogokba
    sublative bogra bogokra
    allative boghoz bogokhoz
    elative bogból bogokból
    delative bogról bogokról
    ablative bogtól bogoktól
    non-attributive
    possessive – singular     		bogé bogoké
    non-attributive
    possessive – plural     		bogéi bogokéi
    Possessive forms of bog
    possessor single possession multiple possessions
    1st person sing. bogom bogaim
    2nd person sing. bogod bogaid
    3rd person sing. boga bogai
    1st person plural bogunk bogaink
    2nd person plural bogotok bogaitok
    3rd person plural boguk bogaik

    Derived terms

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    Compound words

    References

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    1. ^ Entry #816 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
    2. ^ bog in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

    Further reading

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    • bog in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.
    • bog in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2026).

    Irish

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    FWOTD – 15 June 2020

    Etymology

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    Inherited from Old Irish boc (“soft”),[1] from Proto-Celtic *buggos.

    The verb is from Old Irish bocaid (“to soften”), from the adjective.[2]

    Pronunciation

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    Adjective

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    bog (genitive singular masculine boig, genitive singular feminine boige, plural boga, comparative boige)

    1. soft (giving way under pressure; lacking strength or resolve; requiring little or no effort; easy)
      Synonym: tláith
    2. flabby (of physical condition)
    3. soft, mellow, gentle (of sound, voice)
      • 2015 [2014], Will Collins, translated by Proinsias Mac a' Bhaird, edited by Maura McHugh, Amhrán na Mara (fiction; paperback), Kilkenny, County Kilkenny; Howth, Dublin: Cartoon Saloon; Coiscéim, translation of Song of the Sea (in English), →ISBN, page 2:
        Briseann tonnta boga in aghaidh na gcarraigeacha thíos faoi.
        [original: Waves gently lap against the rocks below.]
    4. (of weather) wet
    5. mild, humid (of winter)
    6. loose
    7. lukewarm
      Synonyms: alabhog, alathe, bogthe

    Declension

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    Declension of bog
    Positive singular plural
    masculine feminine strong noun weak noun
    nominative bog bhog boga;
    bhoga2
    vocative bhoig boga
    genitive boige boga bog
    dative bog;
    bhog1     		bhog;
    bhoig (archaic)     		boga;
    bhoga2
    Comparative níos boige
    Superlative is boige

    1 When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
    2 When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

    Derived terms

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    Noun

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    bog m (genitive singular boig, uncountable)

    1. something soft
    2. (anatomy, of ear) lobe
      Synonyms: liopa, maothán

    Declension

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    Declension of bog (first declension, no plural)
    bare forms
    singular
    nominative bog
    vocative a bhoig
    genitive boig
    dative bog
    forms with the definite article
    singular
    nominative an bog
    genitive an bhoig
    dative leis an mbog
    don bhog

    Verb

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    bog (present analytic bogann, future analytic bogfaidh, verbal noun bogadh, past participle bogtha) (ambitransitive)

    1. soften, become soft; (of pain) ease; (of milk) warm; (of weather) get milder; soften, move (someone's heart)
    2. move, loosen; (of a cradle) rock

    Conjugation

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    Conjugation of bog (first conjugation – A)
    indicative singular plural direct relative autonomous
    first second third first second third
    present bogaim bogann tú;
    bogair†     		bogann sé, sí bogaimid; bogann muid bogann sibh bogann siad;
    bogaid†     		a bhogann; a bhogas bogtar
    past bhog mé; bhogas bhog tú; bhogais bhog sé, sí bhogamar; bhog muid bhog sibh; bhogabhair bhog siad; bhogadar a bhog bogadh
    past habitual bhogainn /
    bogainn‡     		bhogtá /
    bogtᇠ    		bhogadh sé, sí /
    bogadh sé, sí‡     		bhogaimis; bhogadh muid /
    bogaimis‡; bogadh muid‡     		bhogadh sibh /
    bogadh sibh‡     		bhogaidís; bhogadh siad /
    bogaidís‡; bogadh siad‡     		a bhogadh bhogtaí /
    bogtaí‡
    singular plural direct relative autonomous
    first second third first second third
    future bogfaidh mé;
    bogfad     		bogfaidh tú;
    bogfair†     		bogfaidh sé, sí bogfaimid;
    bogfaidh muid     		bogfaidh sibh bogfaidh siad;
    bogfaid†     		a bhogfaidh; a bhogfas bogfar
    conditional bhogfainn /
    bogfainn‡     		bhogfá /
    bogfᇠ    		bhogfadh sé, sí /
    bogfadh sé, sí‡     		bhogfaimis; bhogfadh muid /
    bogfaimis‡; bogfadh muid‡     		bhogfadh sibh /
    bogfadh sibh‡     		bhogfaidís; bhogfadh siad /
    bogfaidís‡; bogfadh siad‡     		a bhogfadh bhogfaí /
    bogfaí‡
    subjunctive singular plural direct relative autonomous
    first second third first second third
    present go mboga mé;
    go mbogad†     		go mboga tú;
    go mbogair†     		go mboga sé, sí go mbogaimid;
    go mboga muid     		go mboga sibh go mboga siad;
    go mbogaid†     		— go mbogtar
    past dá mbogainn dá mbogtá dá mbogadh sé, sí dá mbogaimis;
    dá mbogadh muid     		dá mbogadh sibh dá mbogaidís;
    dá mbogadh siad     		— dá mbogtaí
    imperative singular plural direct relative autonomous
    first second third first second third
    — bogaim bog bogadh sé, sí bogaimis bogaigí;
    bogaidh†     		bogaidís — bogtar
    past participle bogtha
    verbal noun bogadh

    † archaic or dialect form
    ‡ dependent form

    Derived terms

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    Mutation

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    Mutated forms of bog
    radical lenition eclipsis
    bog bhog mbog

    Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
    All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

    References

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    1. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 boc”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
    2. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “bocaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
    3. ^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931), Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 38, page 21
    4. ^ Finck, F. N. (1899), Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), Zweiter Band: Wörterbuch [Second volume: Dictionary], Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 47
    5. ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906), A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 369, page 125

    Further reading

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    Lower Sorbian

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    Etymology

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    Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bogъ.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    bog m anim (female equivalent bogowka)

    1. god
    2. the Christ Child as a bringer of Christmas presents, compare German Christkind
    3. Christmas present

    Declension

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    Declension of bog
    singular dual plural
    nominative bog boga bogi
    genitive boga bogowu bogow
    dative bogoju bogoma bogam
    accusative boga bogowu bogi, bogow
    instrumental bogom bogoma bogami
    locative bogu bogoma bogach

    Derived terms

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    Further reading

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    • Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928), “bog”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
    • Starosta, Manfred (1999), “bog”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

    Manx

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    Etymology

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    Inherited from Old Irish boc (“soft”).

    Adjective

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    bog (comparative s’buiggey)

    1. soft

    Norwegian Bokmål

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    Etymology

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    Borrowed from Norwegian Nynorsk bog, from Old Norse bógr, from Proto-Germanic *bōguz. Displaced Danish bov. Doublet of baug (“bow of a ship”).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    bog m (definite singular bogen, indefinite plural boger, definite plural bogene)

    1. shoulder (of an animal)

    References

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    Norwegian Nynorsk

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    Pronunciation

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    Etymology 1

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    Inherited from Old Norse bógr, from Proto-Germanic *bōguz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵʰús.

    Noun

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    The template Template:nn-noun does not use the parameter(s): 
    3=bogar
4=bogane
dp2=bøgene
ip2=bøger
    Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.

    bog m (plural bogen)

    1. shoulder (primarily of an animal)

    Etymology 2

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    Inherited from Old Norse bók, from Proto-Germanic *bōks.

    Noun

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    bog f (definite singular bogjå)

    1. (dialectal) alternative form of bok
      • 1996, Tobias Skretting, Attemed ånå, page 90:
        Takk for bogjå
        Thanks for the book
      • 1957, Reinert Ersdal, quoting Andreas Mjaasund, Bakke kyrkje: Krosskyrkja 200 år, [Flekkefjord]: [Soknerådet?]:
        Eg kan nok bli frelst etter bogjå, men ikkje ette det vonde hjerta mitt.
        I might be saved by the book, but not by my evil heart.

    References

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    Old English

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    Etymology tree
    Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵʰús
    Proto-Germanic *bōguz
    Proto-West Germanic *bōgu
    Old English bōg

      From Proto-West Germanic *bōgu, from Proto-Germanic *bōguz. Cognate with Old Saxon bōg, Old High German buog, and Old Norse bógr.

      Pronunciation

      [edit]
      • IPA(key): /boːɡ/, [boːɣ]
      • Rhymes: