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Linnaeite Subgroup

A group of related mineral species

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Photos of Linnaeite Subgroup (383)Discuss Linnaeite Subgroup

Linnaeite Subgroup Gallery Search Photos of Linnaeite Subgroup

Edit Linnaeite Subgroup Add Synonym Edit CIF structures Clear Cache

Linnaeite

Altenberg Mine, Möllmicke, Wenden, Olpe, Arnsberg, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany

Indite

Dzhalinda Sn Deposit, Malyi Khingan Range, Khabarovsk Krai, Russia

Polydymite, etc.

Grüneau Mine, Schutzbach, Daaden-Herdorf, Altenkirchen, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany

Linnaeite

Altenberg Mine, Möllmicke, Wenden, Olpe, Arnsberg, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany

Indite

Dzhalinda Sn Deposit, Malyi Khingan Range, Khabarovsk Krai, Russia

Polydymite, etc.

Grüneau Mine, Schutzbach, Daaden-Herdorf, Altenkirchen, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany

Linnaeite

Altenberg Mine, Möllmicke, Wenden, Olpe, Arnsberg, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany

Indite

Dzhalinda Sn Deposit, Malyi Khingan Range, Khabarovsk Krai, Russia

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About Linnaeite SubgroupHide

Member of:

Thiospinel Group > Spinel Supergroup

The Linnaeite Subgroup is a subgroup of the Thiospinel Group in the Spinel Supergroup.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

52935

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:52935:2

Chemical AnalysisHide

wt%

	1
In	57.17 %
Fe	11.5 %
S	31.27 %
Total:	99.94 %

Sample references:

ID	Locality	Reference	Notes
1	Dzhalinda Sn Deposit, Malyi Khingan Range, Khabarovsk Krai, Russia	Sutherland, J. K. (1971) A second occurrence of dzhalindite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 10 (5) 781-786	Average of 33 EMPA analyses of indite associated with dzhalindite in cracks of colliform cassiterite.

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0004237	Violarite	Tenailleau C, Etschmann B, Ibberson R M, Pring A (2006) A neutron powder diffraction study of Fe and Ni distributions in synthetic pentlandite and violarite using 60Ni isotope American Mineralogist 91 1442-1447	2006	synthetic	0	293
0004236	Violarite	Tenailleau C, Etschmann B, Ibberson R M, Pring A (2006) A neutron powder diffraction study of Fe and Ni distributions in synthetic pentlandite and violarite using 60Ni isotope American Mineralogist 91 1442-1447	2006	synthetic	0	293
0004235	Violarite	Tenailleau C, Etschmann B, Ibberson R M, Pring A (2006) A neutron powder diffraction study of Fe and Ni distributions in synthetic pentlandite and violarite using 60Ni isotope American Mineralogist 91 1442-1447	2006	synthetic	0	293
0004234	Violarite	Tenailleau C, Etschmann B, Ibberson R M, Pring A (2006) A neutron powder diffraction study of Fe and Ni distributions in synthetic pentlandite and violarite using 60Ni isotope American Mineralogist 91 1442-1447	2006	synthetic	0	293
0004233	Violarite	Tenailleau C, Etschmann B, Ibberson R M, Pring A (2006) A neutron powder diffraction study of Fe and Ni distributions in synthetic pentlandite and violarite using 60Ni isotope American Mineralogist 91 1442-1447	2006	synthetic	0	293
0004232	Violarite	Tenailleau C, Etschmann B, Ibberson R M, Pring A (2006) A neutron powder diffraction study of Fe and Ni distributions in synthetic pentlandite and violarite using 60Ni isotope American Mineralogist 91 1442-1447	2006	synthetic	0	293
0004231	Violarite	Tenailleau C, Etschmann B, Ibberson R M, Pring A (2006) A neutron powder diffraction study of Fe and Ni distributions in synthetic pentlandite and violarite using 60Ni isotope American Mineralogist 91 1442-1447	2006	synthetic	0	293
0004230	Violarite	Tenailleau C, Etschmann B, Ibberson R M, Pring A (2006) A neutron powder diffraction study of Fe and Ni distributions in synthetic pentlandite and violarite using 60Ni isotope American Mineralogist 91 1442-1447	2006	synthetic	0	293
0013436	Cuprorhodsite	Riedel E, Karl R, Rackwitz R (1981) Mossbauer studies of thiospinels. V. The systems Cu1-xFexMe2S4 (Me=Cr,Rh) and Cu1-xFexCr2(S.7Se.3)4 Journal of Solid State Chemistry 40 255-265	1981	synthetic	0	293
0013435	Cuprorhodsite	Riedel E, Karl R, Rackwitz R (1981) Mossbauer studies of thiospinels. V. The systems Cu1-xFexMe2S4 (Me=Cr,Rh) and Cu1-xFexCr2(S.7Se.3)4 Journal of Solid State Chemistry 40 255-265	1981	synthetic	0	293
0013434	Cuprorhodsite	Riedel E, Karl R, Rackwitz R (1981) Mossbauer studies of thiospinels. V. The systems Cu1-xFexMe2S4 (Me=Cr,Rh) and Cu1-xFexCr2(S.7Se.3)4 Journal of Solid State Chemistry 40 255-265	1981	synthetic	0	293
0013433	Cuprorhodsite	Riedel E, Karl R, Rackwitz R (1981) Mossbauer studies of thiospinels. V. The systems Cu1-xFexMe2S4 (Me=Cr,Rh) and Cu1-xFexCr2(S.7Se.3)4 Journal of Solid State Chemistry 40 255-265	1981	synthetic	0	293
0013432	Cuprorhodsite	Riedel E, Karl R, Rackwitz R (1981) Mossbauer studies of thiospinels. V. The systems Cu1-xFexMe2S4 (Me=Cr,Rh) and Cu1-xFexCr2(S.7Se.3)4 Journal of Solid State Chemistry 40 255-265	1981	synthetic	0	293
0013431	Cuprorhodsite	Riedel E, Karl R, Rackwitz R (1981) Mossbauer studies of thiospinels. V. The systems Cu1-xFexMe2S4 (Me=Cr,Rh) and Cu1-xFexCr2(S.7Se.3)4 Journal of Solid State Chemistry 40 255-265	1981	synthetic	0	293
0015766	Cadmoindite	Hahn H, Klingler W (1950) Untersuchungen uber ternare chalkogenide. I. Uber die kristallstruktur einiger ternaerer sulfide, die sich vom In2S3 ableiten Zeitschrift fur Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie 263 177-190	1950	synthetic	0	293
0015769	Indite	Hahn H, Klingler W (1950) Untersuchungen uber ternaere chalkogenide. I. Uber die kristallstruktur einiger ternaerer sulfide, die sich vom In2S3 ableiten Zeitschrift fur Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie 263 177-190	1950	synthetic	0	293
0012049	Polydymite	Lundqvist D (1947) X-ray studies on the binary system Ni-S Arkiv for Mineralogi och Geologi 24 1-12	1947	synthetic	0	293
0008103	Kalininite	Wittlinger J, Werner S, Schulz H (1997) On the amorphisation of ZnCr2S4 spinel under high pressure: x-ray diffraction studies Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 24 597-600	1997		0	293
0001000	Violarite	Vaughan D J, Craig J R (1985) The crystal chemistry of iron-nickel thiospinels American Mineralogist 70 1036-1043	1985		0	293
0012159	Siegenite	Huang C H, Knop O (1971) Chalkogenides of the transition elements. VIII A X-ray and neutron diffraction study of the spinel CoNi2S4 Canadian Journal of Chemistry 49 598-602	1971		0	293
0012158	Siegenite	Huang C H, Knop O (1971) Chalkogenides of the transition elements. VIII A X-ray and neutron diffraction study of the spinel CoNi2S4 Canadian Journal of Chemistry 49 598-602	1971		0	293
0012908	Kalininite	Raccah P M, Bouchard R J, Wold A (1966) Locality: synthetic Crystallographic study of chromium spinels Journal of Applied Physics 37 1436-1437	1966		0	293
0000127	Greigite	Skinner B J, Erd R C, Grimaldi F S (1964) Greigite, the thio-spinel of iron; a new mineral American Mineralogist 49 543-555	1964		0	293
0015751	Linnaeite	Lundqvist D, Westgren A (1938) Rontgenuntersuchung des systems Co-S Zeitschrift fur Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie 239 85-88	1938		0	293
0017957	Linnaeite	Menzer G (1926) Ueber die Kristallstruktur von Linneit einschliesslich Polydymit und Sychnodymit. _cod_database_code 1011056 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 64 506-507	1926		0	293
0008104	Kalininite	Wittlinger J, Werner S, Schulz H (1997) On the amorphisation of ZnCr2S4 spinel under high pressure: x-ray diffraction studies Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 24 597-600	1997		1.06	293
0008105	Kalininite	Wittlinger J, Werner S, Schulz H (1997) On the amorphisation of ZnCr2S4 spinel under high pressure: x-ray diffraction studies Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 24 597-600	1997		4.2	293
0008106	Kalininite	Wittlinger J, Werner S, Schulz H (1997) On the amorphisation of ZnCr2S4 spinel under high pressure: x-ray diffraction studies Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 24 597-600	1997		7.19	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Violarite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Tenailleau C'
'Etschmann B'
'Ibberson R M'
'Pring A'
_journal_name_full 'American Mineralogist'
_journal_volume 91 
_journal_year 2006
_journal_page_first 1442
_journal_page_last 1447
_publ_section_title
;
 A neutron powder diffraction study of Fe and Ni distributions in synthetic
 pentlandite and violarite using 60Ni isotope
 Sample: T = -173 C
;
_database_code_amcsd 0004237
_chemical_compound_source 'Synthetic'
_chemical_formula_sum '(Ni1.8 Fe1.2) S4'
_cell_length_a 9.4211
_cell_length_b 9.4211
_cell_length_c 9.4211
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 836.190
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      4.781
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'F d 3 m'
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  'x,1/4-y,1/4-z'
  '1/2+x,3/4-y,1/4-z'
  '1/2+x,1/4-y,3/4-z'
  '1/4-x,1/2+z,3/4-y'
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loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
NiT   0.12500   0.12500   0.12500   0.92000   0.00030
FeT   0.12500   0.12500   0.12500   0.08000   0.00030
FeO   0.50000   0.50000   0.50000   0.56000   0.00030
NiO   0.50000   0.50000   0.50000   0.44000   0.00030
S   0.25820   0.25820   0.25820   1.00000   0.00160

Synonyms of Linnaeite SubgroupHide

Linnaeite Group

Other Language Names for Linnaeite SubgroupHide

German:Linnéitgruppe

Relationship of Linnaeite Subgroup to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Thiospinel Group > Spinel Supergroup

Other Members of Thiospinel Group:

Carrollite Subgroup

AD₂S₄

Linnaeite Subgroup Members:

Cadmoindite	CdIn₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Cuprorhodsite	(Cu⁺_0.5Fe³⁺_0.5)Rh³⁺₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Daubréelite	Fe²⁺Cr³⁺₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Greigite	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Grimmite	NiCo₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Indite	FeIn₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Joegoldsteinite	MnCr₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Kalininite	ZnCr₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Linnaeite	Co²⁺Co³⁺₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Polydymite	Ni²⁺Ni³⁺₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Siegenite	CoNi₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Tarkianite	(Cu,Fe)(Re,Mo)₄S₈	Iso. 43m : F43m
Violarite	Fe²⁺Ni³⁺₂S₄	Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
Xingzhongite	Pb²⁺Ir³⁺₂S₄	Iso.

Click on any node to view relationships. Formula-derived relationship network for the group members above. Use Find related species to add formula-neighbour species outside the current group view. Solid links show inferred chemical differences; dashed violet links show same-formula crystallographic differences. Hydration states are not treated as relationship changes. These relationships do not imply any real-world substitution reactions between these species.

Minerals structurally related to group:

'Tarkianite'

(Cu,Fe)(Re,Mo)₄S₈

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Linnaeite Subgroup in petrologyHide

An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.

Meteorite and other extra-terrestrial rock and sediment
- Meteorite
  - Primitive achondrite meteorite
    - IAB complex iron meteorite
    - IIICD iron meteorite

Internet Links for Linnaeite SubgroupHide

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References for Linnaeite SubgroupHide

Reference List:

Riley, John F. (1980) Ferroan carrollites, cobaltian violarites, and other members of the linnaeite group: (Co,Ni,Fe,Cu)₃S₄. Mineralogical Magazine, 43 (330). 733-739 doi:10.1180/minmag.1980.043.330.06

Hålenius, U., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S. J. (2018) New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2018. Mineralogical Magazine, 82 (2). 445-451 doi:10.1180/mgm.2018.71

Bosi, Ferdinando, Biagioni, Cristian, Pasero, Marco (2019) Nomenclature and classification of the spinel supergroup. European Journal of Mineralogy, 31 (1) 183-192 doi:10.1127/ejm/2019/0031-2788

Localities for Linnaeite SubgroupHide

Showing 1,760 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.



Afghanistan
Logar Mohammad Agha District Aynak Cu deposit ⓘ Aynak Central prospect	[Linnaeite, Violarite] Orris et al. (2002)
ⓘ Aynak West prospect	[Linnaeite, Violarite] Orris et al. (2002)

Africa
Sahara Desert ⓘ Sahara 97072 meteorite	[Daubréelite] Gannoun et al. (2011) +2 other references

Albania
Dibër County Bater-Martanesh mining district ⓘ Bulqiza Complex (Bulqiza Massif)	[Cuprorhodsite] 12 (12) +1 other reference
Shkodër County Vau i Dejës Drin valley ⓘ Koman deposit	[Greigite] Ferrini et al. (2003)

Algeria
Bordj Badji Mokhtar Province Bordj Badji Mokhtar District Bordj Badji Mokhtar ⓘ Ilafegh 009 meteorite	[Daubréelite] McCoy et al. (1992) +2 other references

Antarctica
East Antarctica Mac Robertson Land Prince Charles Mountains ⓘ Jetty Peninsula	[Polydymite, Siegenite, Violarite] Andronikov et al. (2021)
ⓘ MacAlpine Hills 88136 meteorite	[Daubréelite] Lin et al. (1991)
Pecora Escarpment LaPaz Ice Field ⓘ LaPaz Ice Field 02225 meteorite	[Daubréelite] Satterwhite et al. (2004) +1 other reference
Princess Elizabeth Land Ingrid Christensen Coast Vestfold Hills ⓘ Ring Norite	[Violarite] Egorov et al. (2015)
Queen Maud Land Queen Fabiola Mountains ⓘ Yamato 691 meteorite	[Daubréelite, Greigite] Brearley et al. (1998)
ⓘ Yamato 82189 meteorite	[Daubréelite] Lin et al. (1998)
Victoria Land Allan Hills ⓘ Allan Hills 84008 meteorite	[Daubréelite] Rosenshein et al. (2006)
ⓘ Allan Hills 85085 meteorite	[Daubréelite] Makoto Kimura & Ahmed El Goresy (1989)
Elephant Moraine ⓘ Elephant Moraine 90102 meteorite	[Daubréelite] FOGEL (1997)
Queen Alexandra Range ⓘ Queen Alexandra Range 94204 meteorite	[Daubréelite] Enstatite +3 other references
West Antarctica Antarctic Peninsula South Shetland Islands ⓘ Deception Island	[Greigite] Agusto et al. (2004)

Argentina
Catamarca Province Andalgalá Department Andalgalá Capillitas mining district ⓘ Bordón vein	[Greigite] MARQUEZ-ZAVALIA
Chaco Province Doce de Octubre Department Gancedo ⓘ Campo del Cielo meteorite	[Daubréelite] Bunch et al. (1970)
Córdoba Province Minas Department Ciénaga del Coro District ⓘ El Guaico mining district	[Linnaeite] Sureda (1978)
Jujuy Province Humahuaca Department El Aguilar ⓘ Aguilar Mine	[Greigite] Paar et al. (2016)
ⓘ Esperanza prospect	[Greigite] Singer et al. (2009)
Rinconada Department Rinconada ⓘ Cerro Redondo prospect	[Greigite] Coira et al. (1995)
La Rioja Province ⓘ Los Llantenes mining district	[Greigite, Linnaeite] de Brodtkorb +2 other references
Mendoza Province San Carlos Department Pareditas District ⓘ Portillo Argentino prospect	[Linnaeite] De Brodtkorb (2009)
Salta Province Iruya Department ⓘ La Esperanza Mine	[Linnaeite, Siegenite] Brodtkorb (1963)
San Luis Province Coronel Pringles Department Estancia Grande ⓘ Las Águilas deposit	[Violarite] FERRACUTTI +1 other reference

Atlantic Ocean
Mid-Atlantic Ridge complex Ashadze hydrothermal area ⓘ Ashadze 1	[Greigite] Firstova et al. (2016)
ⓘ Kane Megamullion	[Violarite] Ciazela et al. (2018)
ⓘ Pobeda-1 hydrothermal field	[Greigite] Maslennikov et al. (2023)
Rainbow Massif ⓘ Rainbow hydrothermal field	[Grimmite, Linnaeite] Lee et al. (2002)

Australia
New South Wales Baradine Co. Bugaldie ⓘ Boogaldi meteorite	[Daubréelite] Buchwald (1975)
Buccleuch Co. Brungle ⓘ McAlpine Copper Mine	[Violarite] Degeling (1982)
Tumut district ⓘ Bogong Copper Mine (Stinking Creek Mine)	[Siegenite] Wagga Wagga Mine Data Sheets
Clive Co. Bolivia ⓘ Silver Mine	[Linnaeite] Henley et al. (2001)
Harden Co. Coolac ⓘ Serpentinite occurrence	[Violarite] Ashley (1975)
Kennedy Co. ⓘ Fifield	[Cuprorhodsite] Johan et al. (1991) +1 other reference
Owendale Complex ⓘ Owendale North Mine	[Cuprorhodsite] 5th International Platinum Symposium ...
Sandon Co. Hillgrove ⓘ Watsons prospect	[Greigite] Gilligan et al. (1992)
Wynyard Co. Tumblong ⓘ Snowball Mine	[Violarite] Wagga Wagga Mine Data Sheets
Yancowinna Co. Broken Hill district Broken Hill ⓘ North Mine	[Linnaeite] Ramdohr (1950)
Northern Territory Barkly Region Barrow Creek ⓘ Prospect D	[Violarite] Ahmad et al. (2013)
Coomalie Shire Rum Jungle ⓘ Brown's Prospect	[Linnaeite, Siegenite] Munro-Smith (2006)
ⓘ White's Mine	[Linnaeite] D.A.Berkman (1968)
East Arnhem Region Gove Bauxite mine ⓘ Gove meteorite	[Daubréelite] Bevan et al. (2019)
MacDonnell Region Henbury Station Henbury Meteorite Conservation Reserve ⓘ Henbury meteorite	[Daubréelite] Ramdohr (1972)
Queensland City of Mount Isa Gunpowder District Mount Gordon ⓘ Esperanza Z5 Mine (Esperanza deposit)	[Siegenite] Richardson et al. (1997)
ⓘ Mount Calcite Prospect	[Violarite] Riley (1980)
Cloncurry Shire Rosebud Station Mary Kathleen district ⓘ Mount Colin mine	[Violarite] Riley (1980)
South Australia Copper Coast Council Moonta ⓘ Moonta mines (Wallaroo and Moonta Mining; Moonta Copper Recovery Co. Ltd; Moonta Mining Scheme; Moonta Prospecting Syndicate)	[Linnaeite] Pring (1988)
Pastoral Unincorporated Area Mount Victor Plumbago Station ⓘ Ethiudna Mines	[Violarite] SA Geodata Database - Mineral Deposit ...
ⓘ Ethiudna Main Shaft (Block 7116; Cobalt Nickel And Copper Mining Syndicate; Ethiudna Wollastonite; Lady Katherine; Mc 9726; New Year Gift; New Years Gift)	[Violarite] SA Geodata Database
Oakden Hills ⓘ Cattle Grid deposit	[Linnaeite, Siegenite] Noble et al. (1983) +1 other reference
Southern Mallee District Council Pinnaroo ⓘ Pinnaroo meteorite	[Daubréelite] Ramdohr (1972)
Tasmania Waratah-Wynyard municipality Corinna-Savage River district ⓘ Rocky River mine	[Siegenite] Bottrill et al. (2008)
Heazlewood district ⓘ Lord Brassey Mine	[Polydymite, Violarite] Bottrill et al. (2002)
West Coast municipality ⓘ Mount Remus prospect (Nichol’s Reward) ?	[Linnaeite] Stillwell (1932) +1 other reference
Queenstown district Queenstown ⓘ Mount Lyell Mines	[