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Annivite Subgroup
A group of related mineral species
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Formula:
Cu6(Cu4 C2+2)Bi4S12S
In the A-site, group end-members contain six III(Cu+Ag) cations, where Cu>Ag.
C2+ = Fe2+, Zn, Cd, Hg and/or other species
C2+ = Fe2+, Zn, Cd, Hg and/or other species
Member of:
There is presently only one IMA-recognized end-member, annivite-(Zn), with the annivite rootname. However, it is possible other group members, particularly the Fe2+ end-member, may be found eventually. Hence, to accommodate these potential future recognitions, the "Annivite Subgroup" of the Tetrahedrite Group has been created.
Note that annivite in its old definition as Bi-rich arsenic/antimony fahlore (type material from type deposit of Einfisch or Anniviers valley, Wallis, Switzerland), was formally discredited (= Bi-rich tennantite-(Fe)) by Biagioni et al. (2020). See also discussion in Moëlo et al. (2008) of Bi-dominant samples reported in the literature.
Note: The solubility of Bi in members of the tetrahedrite-tennantite series seems to be restricted: In synthetic samples it is 0.8 atom p.f.u. at 350 °C and 1 atom p.f.u. at 450 °C and 520 °C, independent of the Sb/As ratio (KlĂŒnder et al., 2003).
Note that annivite in its old definition as Bi-rich arsenic/antimony fahlore (type material from type deposit of Einfisch or Anniviers valley, Wallis, Switzerland), was formally discredited (= Bi-rich tennantite-(Fe)) by Biagioni et al. (2020). See also discussion in Moëlo et al. (2008) of Bi-dominant samples reported in the literature.
Note: The solubility of Bi in members of the tetrahedrite-tennantite series seems to be restricted: In synthetic samples it is 0.8 atom p.f.u. at 350 °C and 1 atom p.f.u. at 450 °C and 520 °C, independent of the Sb/As ratio (KlĂŒnder et al., 2003).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
471112
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:471112:0
Chemistry of Annivite Subgroup
Mindat Formula:
Cu6(Cu4 C2+2)Bi4S12S
In the A-site, group end-members contain six III(Cu+Ag) cations, where Cu>Ag.
C2+ = Fe2+, Zn, Cd, Hg and/or other species
In the A-site, group end-members contain six III(Cu+Ag) cations, where Cu>Ag.
C2+ = Fe2+, Zn, Cd, Hg and/or other species
Synonyms of Annivite Subgroup
Other Language Names for Annivite Subgroup
Dutch:Anniviet
Relationship of Annivite Subgroup to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Tetrahedrite Group:
| Arsenofreibergite Subgroup | (Ag6,[Ag6]4+)(Cu4 C2+2)As4S12S0-1 | |
| Freibergite Subgroup | (Ag6,[Ag6]4+)(Cu4 C2+2)Sb4S12S0-1 | Iso. 43m : I43m |
| Giraudite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4 C2+2)As4Se12Se | |
| Goldfieldite Subgroup | (Cu4(â»,Cu)2(Cu4Cu+2)((Te,Sb,As)2Te2)S12S | |
| Hakite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4 C2+2)Sb4Se12Se | |
| PoĆĄepnĂœite | (Cu+3â»3)(Hg2+4Cu+2)Sb4Se12(Se0.5â»0.5) | Iso. 43m : I43m |
| Rozhdestvenskayaite Subgroup | (Ag6,[Ag6]4+)(Ag4 C2+2)Sb4S12S0-1 | |
| Tennantite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C2+2)As4S12S | Iso. 43m : I43m |
| Tetrahedrite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S | Iso. 43m : I43m |
| ĂstaleÄite Subgroup | (Cu4(â»,Cu)2(Cu4Cu+2)((Te,Sb,As)2Te2)Se12Se | |
| ZvÄstovite Subgroup | (Ag6,[Ag6]4+)(Ag4 C2+2)As4S12S0-1 |
Annivite Subgroup Members:
| Annivite-(Zn) | Cu6(Cu4Zn2)Bi4S12S | Iso. 43m : I43m |
| 'Unnamed (Cu-analogue of annivite-(Zn))' | Cu6(Cu4Cu2)Bi4S12S |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Annivite Subgroup
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-471112.html
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References for Annivite Subgroup
Reference List:
KlĂŒnder, Maiken Hansen, Karup-MĂžller, Sven, Makovicky, Emil (2003) Exploratory studies on substitutions in the tetrahedrite-tennantite solid solution series Part III. The solubility of bismuth in tetrahedrite-tennantite containing iron and zinc. Neues Jahrbuch fĂŒr Mineralogie - Monatshefte, 2003 (4) 153-175 doi:10.1127/0028-3649/2003/2003-0153
MoĂ«lo, Yves, Makovicky, Emil, Mozgova, Nadejda N., Jambor, John L., Cook, Nigel, Pring, Allan, Paar, Werner, Nickel, Ernest H., Graeser, Stephan, Karup-MĂžller, Sven, Balic-Âunic, TonÄi, Mumme, William G., Vurro, Filippo, Topa, Dan (2008) Sulfosalt systematics: a review. Report of the sulfosalt sub-committee of the IMA Commission on Ore Mineralogy. European Journal of Mineralogy, 20 (1) 7-62 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2008/0020-1778
Localities for Annivite Subgroup
Showing 19 localities.
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The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
â - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
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Canada | |
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Czech Republic | |
| [Annivite-(Zn), Unnamed (Cu-analogue of annivite-(Zn))] DolnĂÄek et al. (2024) |
| [Annivite-(Zn)] Sejkora et al. (2025) |
| [Annivite-(Zn)] Sejkora et al. (2025) |
| KrĂĄtkĂœ et al. (2026) |
France | |
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Japan | |
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Peru | |
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Poland | |
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Russia | |
| Bortnikov et al. (2023) |
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Sweden | |
| [Annivite-(Zn)] Kieft et al. (1984) |
