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Doyleite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Doyleite
Formula:
Al(OH)3
Often contains small amounts of (stabilising?) F.
Colour:
White, creamy-white, bluish-white
Lustre:
Vitreous, Pearly, Dull
Hardness:
2½ - 3
Specific Gravity:
2.48
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Name:
Named by George Y. Chao, Judith Baker, Ann P. Sabina, and Andrew C. Roberts in 1985 in honor of Earl Joseph (Jess) Doyle (1905 - 1994) of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. He was a mineral collector and discovered the species.
Co-Type Localities:
Polymorph of:
This page provides mineralogical data about Doyleite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1316
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1316:7
Similar Names
| Boyleite | A valid IMA mineral species | ZnSO4 · 4H2O |
| Dahllite | A synonym of 'Carbonate-rich Hydroxylapatite' | |
| Dellaite | A valid IMA mineral species | Ca6Si3O11(OH)2 |
| Dialite | ||
| Dualite | A valid IMA mineral species | Na30(Ca,Na,Ce,Sr)12(Na,Mn,Fe,Ti)6Zr3Ti3Mn[Si51O144](OH,H2O,Cl)9 |
| Tooeleite | A valid IMA mineral species | Fe63+(As3+O3)4(SO4)(OH)4 · 4H2O |
| α-Dahllite | A synonym of 'Carbonate-rich Apatite' |
IMA Classification of Doyleite
Classification of Doyleite
4.FE.10
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
F : Hydroxides (without V or U)
E : Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; sheets of edge-sharing octahedra
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
F : Hydroxides (without V or U)
E : Hydroxides with OH, without H2O; sheets of edge-sharing octahedra
6.3.4.1
6 : HYDROXIDES AND OXIDES CONTAINING HYDROXYL
3 : X(OH)3
6 : HYDROXIDES AND OXIDES CONTAINING HYDROXYL
3 : X(OH)3
7.6.7
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
6 : Oxides of Al
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
6 : Oxides of Al
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMAâCNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Doy | IMAâCNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMAâCNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Doyleite
Vitreous, Pearly, Dull
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent, Opaque
Colour:
White, creamy-white, bluish-white
Streak:
White
Hardness:
2½ - 3 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Flexible
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect on {010}, fair on {100}.
Perfect on {010}, fair on {100}.
Density:
2.48(1) g/cm3 (Measured) 2.482 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Doyleite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.545(1) nβ = 1.553(1) nγ = 1.566(1)
2V:
Measured: 77° , Calculated: 78°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.021
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 ”m thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 ”m thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Low (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
None. Type description gives strong, r > v.
Chemistry of Doyleite
Mindat Formula:
Al(OH)3
Often contains small amounts of (stabilising?) F.
Often contains small amounts of (stabilising?) F.
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Doyleite
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Class (H-M):
1 - Pinacoidal
Space Group:
P1
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.00 Å, b = 5.17 Å, c = 4.98 Å
α = 97.5°, β = 118.6°, γ = 104.74°
α = 97.5°, β = 118.6°, γ = 104.74°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.967 : 1 : 0.963
Unit Cell V:
104.37 Ă
Âł (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
Type material: Crystals are tabular on (010), showing forms {010}, {101}, {101}, and occasionally {100} and {001}.
Comment:
Space group P-1 (Clark et al., 1998).
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0011076 | Doyleite | Clark G R, Rodgers K A, Henderson G S (1998) The crystal chemistry of doyleite, Al(OH)3 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 213 96-100 |  | 1998 | Mont St. Hilaire, Quebec | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.794 Ă | (100) |
| 4.296 Ă | (20) |
| 4.182 Ă | (20) |
| 2.360 Ă | (40) |
| 1.972 Ă | (30) |
| 1.857 Ă | (30) |
| 1.842 Ă | (30) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 22 : Hydration and low-? subsurface aqueous alteration (see also #23) | |
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 34 : Complex granite pegmatites |
Type Occurrence of Doyleite
Co-Type Localities:
General Appearance of Type Material:
Rosettes of platy crystals (MSH), and as pulverulent to compact globules, botryoidal and smooth porcelain like crusts and sheets (Francon).
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, number 48932 (holotype).
Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, number M41025a (holotype).
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, number 162728 (cotype).
Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, number M41025a (holotype).
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, number 162728 (cotype).
Geological Setting of Type Material:
In albitite veins in nepheline syenite (MSH) and in silicocarbonatite sills (Francon).
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Doyleite
Other Language Names for Doyleite
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 39 photos of Doyleite associated with Gibbsite | Al(OH)3 |
| 7 photos of Doyleite associated with Evansite | Al3(PO4)(OH)6 · 6H2O |
| 2 photos of Doyleite associated with Bayerite | Al(OH)3 |
| 2 photos of Doyleite associated with Thomsenolite | NaCa[AlF6] · H2O |
| 2 photos of Doyleite associated with Cryolite | Na2NaAlF6 |
| 1 photo of Doyleite associated with Fluorite | CaF2 |
| 1 photo of Doyleite associated with Creedite | Ca3Al2(SO4)(OH)2F8 · 2H2O |
| 1 photo of Doyleite associated with Hydrokenoralstonite | Na0.5(Al,Mg)2(F,OH)6 · H2O |
| 1 photo of Doyleite associated with Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| 1 photo of Doyleite associated with Sphalerite | ZnS |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.FE. | Nannoniite | Al2(OH)5F |
| 4.FE.05 | Brucite | Mg(OH)2 |
| 4.FE.05 | Theophrastite | Ni(OH)2 |
| 4.FE.05 | Amakinite | Fe2+(OH)2 |
| 4.FE.05 | Portlandite | Ca(OH)2 |
| 4.FE.05 | Pyrochroite | Mn(OH)2 |
| 4.FE.10 | Bayerite | Al(OH)3 |
| 4.FE.10 | Nordstrandite | Al(OH)3 |
| 4.FE.10 | Gibbsite | Al(OH)3 |
| 4.FE.15 | Lepidocrocite | Fe3+O(OH) |
| 4.FE.15 | Böhmite | AlO(OH) |
| 4.FE.20 | Heterogenite | Co3+O(OH) |
| 4.FE.20 | Grimaldiite | CrO(OH) |
| 4.FE.25 | Lithiophorite | (Al,Li)MnO2(OH)2 |
| 4.FE.25 | Feitknechtite | Mn3+O(OH) |
| 4.FE.30 | Quenselite | PbMnO2(OH) |
| 4.FE.35 | Ferrihydrite | Fe3+10O14(OH)2 |
| 4.FE.40 | Vernadite | (Mn4+,Fe3+,Ca,Na)(O,OH)2 · nH2O |
| 4.FE.40 | Feroxyhyte | Fe3+O(OH) |
| 4.FE.45 | Quetzalcoatlite | Zn6Cu3(TeO6)2(OH)6 · AgxPbyClx+2y |
| 4.FE.50 | Fuettererite | Pb3Cu2+6Te6+O6(OH)7Cl5 |
Fluorescence of Doyleite
Not fluorescent.
Other Information
Notes:
Not attacked by 1:1 HCl, H2SO4 or HNO3 at room temperature.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Doyleite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1316.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Doyleite
Reference List:
Chao, G. Y., Baker, J., Sabina, A. P., Roberts, A. C. (1985) Doyleite, a new polymorph of Al(OH)3, and its relationship to bayerite, gibbsite and nordstrandite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 23 (1) 21-28
Violante, A. (1985) Influence of Inorganic and Organic Ligands on the Formation of Aluminum Hydroxides and Oxyhydroxides. Clays and Clay Minerals, 33 (3) 181-192 doi:10.1346/ccmn.1985.0330303
Violante, A. (1993) Formation Mechanism of Aluminum Hydroxide Polymorphs. Clays and Clay Minerals, 41 (5) 590-597 doi:10.1346/ccmn.1993.0410509
Rodgers, K. A. (1993) Routine identification of aluminium hydroxide polymorphs with the laser Raman microprobe. Clay Minerals, 28 (1) 85-99 doi:10.1180/claymin.1993.028.1.08
Clark, G. R., Rodgers, K. A., Henderson, G. S. (1998) The crystal chemistry of doyleite, Al(OH)3. Zeitschrift fĂŒr Kristallographie, 213 (2). 96-100 doi:10.1524/zkri.1998.213.2.96
Localities for Doyleite
Showing 20 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
â - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Bolivia | |
| Chris Stefano specimen |
Canada (TL) | |
| Chao et al. (1985) +2 other references |
| HorvĂĄth et al. (1998) |
| HorvĂĄth et al. (1998) | |
| 176-178. +3 other references |
China | |
| Zilong Wu (2003) |
| Songsheng Li (1993) |
| Robert Lavinsky specimen |
| Kecong Han and Shengyun Ma (1985) |
| Fabre Minerals |
|
Clara Mine, Oberwolfach, Ortenaukreis, Freiburg Region, Baden-WĂŒrttemberg, Germany