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Darapskite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Darapskite
Formula:
Na3(SO4)(NO3) · H2O
Colour:
Colourless
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
2½
Specific Gravity:
2.201
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in honor of Ludwig Darapsky (1857–1916), German–Chilean chemist and mineralogist, Santiago, Chile.
Often occurs in cavities or crevices in massive nitrate rock or as a surficial concentration (Chile).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1226
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1226:9
IMA Classification of Darapskite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Na3(S6+O4)(N5+O3)·H2O
First published:
1891
Classification of Darapskite
7.DG.05
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
G : With large and medium-sized cations; with NO3, CO3, B(OH)4, SiO4 or IO3
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
G : With large and medium-sized cations; with NO3, CO3, B(OH)4, SiO4 or IO3
Dana 7th ed.:
20.1.1.1
20.1.1.1
20 : COMPOUND NITRATES
1 : Miscellaneous
20 : COMPOUND NITRATES
1 : Miscellaneous
13.9
13 : Nitrates
13 : Nitrates
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Drp | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Darapskite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Colourless
Streak:
White
Hardness:
2½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
On {010}. Also perfect cleavage on {100} (may be a parting).
On {010}. Also perfect cleavage on {100} (may be a parting).
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
2.201(5) g/cm3 (Measured) 2.202 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Darapskite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.388 nβ = 1.479 nγ = 1.486
2V:
Measured: 26° to 28°, Calculated: 28°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.098
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
High (negative)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
r > v rather strong
Chemistry of Darapskite
Mindat Formula:
Na3(SO4)(NO3) · H2O
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Darapskite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/m
Setting:
P21/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.57 Å, b = 6.91 Å, c = 5.18 Å
β = 102.77°
β = 102.77°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.53 : 1 : 0.75
Unit Cell V:
368.98 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Crystals tabular {100}, and pseudo-tetragonal [100].
Twinning:
Common on {100}. Re-entrant angles on the edges and composition face {100}. Polysynthetic at times.
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
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Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
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Display Options
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View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
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Rotation
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Labels
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0012051 | Darapskite | Sabelli C (1967) La struttura della darapskite Atti della Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei 42 874-887 | 1967 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 10.29 Å | (100) |
| 3.456 Å | (35) |
| 2.865 Å | (35) |
| 2.594 Å | (30) |
| 4.13 Å | (25) |
| 3.522 Å | (25) |
| 3.266 Å | (18) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 21 : Chemically precipitated carbonate, phosphate, iron formations | |
| 25 : Evaporites (prebiotic) | |
| Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere | <0.6 |
| 52 : Guano- and urine-derived minerals | <0.4 |
Geological Setting:
Nitrate deposits rich in sulfates.
Type Occurrence of Darapskite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Large quantities of colorless square panels.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Mineralogisches Museum, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany (type?).
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Arid sulfate deposit.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Darapskite
Other Language Names for Darapskite
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 7.DG. | Mathesiusite | K5(UO2)4(SO4)4(VO5) · 4H2O |
| 7.DG.10 | Clinoungemachite | (Na, K, Fe, SO4) |
| 7.DG.10 | Humberstonite | Na7K3Mg2(SO4)6(NO3)2 · 6H2O |
| 7.DG.10 | Ungemachite | K3Na8Fe(SO4)6(NO3)2 · 6H2O |
| 7.DG.15 | Chiyokoite | Ca3Si(CO3)[B(OH)4]O (OH)5 · 12H2O |
| 7.DG.15 | Kottenheimite | Ca 3Si(SO4)2(OH)6 · 12H2O |
| 7.DG.15 | Hielscherite | Ca3Si(SO4)(SO3)(OH)6 · 11H2O |
| 7.DG.15 | Jouravskite | Ca3Mn4+(SO4)(CO3)(OH)6 · 12H2O |
| 7.DG.15 | Thaumasite | Ca3(SO4)[Si(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O |
| 7.DG.15 | Bentorite | Ca6Cr2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O |
| 7.DG.15 | Carraraite | Ca3(SO4)[Ge(OH)6](CO3) · 12H2O |
| 7.DG.15 | Ettringite | Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O |
| 7.DG.15 | Birunite | Ca18(SiO3)8.5(CO3)8.5SO4 · 15H2O(?) |
| 7.DG.15 | Siwaqaite | Ca6Al2(CrO4)3(OH)12 · 26H2O |
| 7.DG.15 | Buryatite | Ca3(Si,Fe3+,Al)(SO4)B(OH)4(OH,O)6 · 12H2O |
| 7.DG.15 | Charlesite | Ca6(Al,Si)2(SO4)2[B(OH)4](OH,O)12 · 26H2O |
| 7.DG.15 | Tatarinovite | Ca3Al(SO4)[B(OH)4](OH)6 · 12H2O |
| 7.DG.15 | Imayoshiite | Ca3Al(CO3)[B(OH)4](OH)6 · 12H2O |
| 7.DG.15 | Sturmanite | Ca6Fe3+2(SO4)2.5[B(OH)4](OH)12 · 25H2O |
| 7.DG.20 | Rapidcreekite | Ca2(SO4)(CO3) · 4H2O |
| 7.DG.25 | Tatarskite | Ca6Mg2(SO4)2(CO3)2(OH)4Cl4 · 7H2O |
| 7.DG.30 | Nakauriite | Cu8(SO4)4(CO3)(OH)6 · 48H2O |
| 7.DG.35 | Chessexite | (Na,K)4Ca2(Mg,Zn)3Al8(SO4)10(SiO4)2 · 40H2O |
| 7.DG.40 | Fuenzalidaite | K6(Na,K)4Na6Mg10(SO4)12(IO3)12 · 12H2O |
| 7.DG.40 | Carlosruizite | K6(Na,K)4Na6Mg10(SeO4)12(IO3)12 · 12H2O |
| 7.DG.45 | 'Chelyabinskite' | (Ca,Mg)3(SO4,CO3)2[Si(OH)6] · 9H2O (?) |
| 7.DG.55 | Ramazzoite | [Mg8Cu12(PO4)(CO3)4(OH)24(H2O)20][(H0.33SO4)3(H2O)36] |
| 7.DG.60 | Witzkeite | Na4K4Ca(NO3)2(SO4)4 · 2H2O |
Other Information
Thermal Behaviour:
When heated, gives off water without decrepitation.
Notes:
Readily soluble in water.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Darapskite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1226.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Darapskite
Reference List:
Dietze, August (1891) Einige neue chilenische Mineralien. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, 19 (1). 445-451 doi:10.1524/zkri.1891.19.1.445
Osann, Α. (1894) Krystallographische Untersuchung einiger neuer chilenischer Mineralien. Zeitschrift für Krystallographie und Mineralogie, 23 (1-6). 584-589 doi:10.1524/zkri.1894.23.1.584
Larsen, Esper S. (1921) The microscopic determination of the nonopaque minerals. Bulletin 679. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/b679 p.66
Foote (1925) American Journal of Science: 9: 441.(artificial compound)
Ericksen, George E., Mrose, Mary E. (1970) Mineralogical studies of the nitrate deposits of Chile. II. Darapskite,. American Mineralogist, 55 (9-10) 1500-1517
Mrose, Mary E., Ericksen, George E. (1970) Mineralogical studies of the nitrate deposits of Chile I. The identity of nitroglauberite with darapskite. American Mineralogist, 55 (5-6) 776-783
Localities for Darapskite
Showing 33 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Antarctica | |
| Ericksen et al. (1970) |
| Hodenberg et al. (1983) +1 other reference |
| Hodenberg et al. (1983) +1 other reference |
Bahamas | |
| Onac B.P. et al. (2009) |
Chile | |
| Ericksen et al. (1970) +1 other reference |
| powder xrd at NMBGMR |
| Ericksen et al. (1970) |
| - (n.d.) | |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
| Jarrell (1939) +2 other references |
| De Waele et al. (2017) |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Collao et al. (2002) | |
| Marta et al. (1996) +1 other reference |
| samples analysed by Gerhard Mohn and ... | |
| Färber (n.d.) |
| Konnert et al. (1994) | |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Ericksen et al. (1989) |
China | |
| Tang (2005) |
| Bingxiao (1992) +1 other reference | |
| Bingxiao (1992) |
| Tang (2005) | |
| Yuezhen Gao (1993) +1 other reference |
Lebanon | |
| Kruszewski (2019) |
Romania | |
| Onac (2009) |
USA | |
| www.excaliburmineral.com (n.d.) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Ericksen et al. (1970) |
| Ericksen et al. (1988) | |
| Bailey (1902) +5 other references | |
| NSS Bulletin 43:127-132 |
| Hill et al. (1977) +2 other references |
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La Compañia Mine, Sierra Gorda, Antofagasta Province, Antofagasta, Chile