Software Development
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Rate-Limiting Algorithms: Token Bucket Against Sliding Window
Every public API eventually meets a client that sends too much, too fast. A rate limiter is the bouncer at…
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AI Agent Orchestration Workflows, Routing, and Multi-Agent Systems
AI agents can reason, use tools, retrieve information, and execute tasks. However, complex applications require more than individual agents. They…
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LLM evaluation: Test and improve AI quality
Large language models (LLMs) can generate human-like responses, but fluent output does not necessarily mean correct or reliable output. An…
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Contract Testing vs Integration Testing: Pact, Testcontainers, and Where Each One Pays Off
Picture a familiar Friday. Every test in both services is green, so the team deploys. Minutes later, the checkout page…
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Bloom Filters and HyperLogLog: Probabilistic Structures in Everyday Services
Every busy service asks two questions all day long. First, “have we seen this item before?” Second, “how many different…
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AI Agent Security Guardrails: Tool Permissions and Human-in-the-Loop Controls
A plain LLM call is low-risk — worst case it returns a bad sentence. An agent is different: it can…
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Building Self-Evaluating AI Systems
AI systems are increasingly being designed to do more than generate responses to user requests. Applications can retrieve information from…
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Agentic AI Engineering in Practice
Agentic AI is changing how software applications handle complex tasks. Traditional applications follow predefined instructions, execute business logic, and return…
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Cache Stampedes: Thundering Herds and the Fixes That Actually Work
Your cache hit rate is 99 percent, and the dashboard is green. Then one popular key expires. Within milliseconds, hundreds…
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