Charles Kingsley
Charles Kingsley | |
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| Born | 12 June 1819 Holne, Devon, England |
| Died | 23 January 1875 (aged 55) Eversley, Hampshire, England |
| Education | |
| Occupations | Clergyman, historian, novelist |
| Spouse | |
| Writing career | |
| Period | 19th century |
| Genre | Social Christianity |
Movement | Christian socialism |
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Charles Kingsley (12 June 1819 – 23 January 1875) was an English clergyman, social reformer, historian, novelist and poet. A broad church priest of the Church of England, he is particularly associated with Christian socialism, Anti-Catholicism, the working men's college, and forming labour cooperatives, which failed, but encouraged later working reforms. He is known for his novels Yeast (1848), Alton Locke (1850), Hypatia (1853), Westward Ho! (1855), The Water-Babies (1863), and Hereward the Wake (1866).
Life and character
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Kingsley was born in Holne, Devon, the elder son of the Reverend Charles Kingsley and his wife, Mary Lucas Kingsley. His brother, Henry Kingsley (1830–1876), and sister, Charlotte Chanter (1828–1882), also became writers. He was the father of the novelist Lucas Malet (Mary St Leger Kingsley 1852–1931) and the uncle of the traveller and scientist Mary Kingsley (1862–1900).
Charles Kingsley's childhood was spent in Clovelly, Devon, where his father was curate in 1826–1832 and rector in 1832–1836,[1] and at Barnack, Northamptonshire. He was educated at Bristol Grammar School and Helston Grammar School[2] before studying at King's College London and the University of Cambridge. Charles entered Magdalene College, Cambridge, in 1838, and graduated first class in classics, and senior optime in 1842.[3][4] He chose to pursue priesthood in the Anglican Church. In 1844, he became Rector of Eversley in Hampshire. In 1859, he was appointed chaplain to Queen Victoria.[5][6] In 1860, he became Regius Professor of Modern History at the University of Cambridge,[5][6] and, in 1861, a private tutor to the Prince of Wales.[5]
In 1869 Kingsley resigned his Cambridge professorship and served from 1870 to 1873 as a canon of Chester Cathedral. While there, he founded the Chester Society for Natural Science, Literature and Art, which was prominent in the establishment of the Grosvenor Museum.[7] In 1872, he agreed to become the 19th president of the Birmingham and Midland Institute.[8] In 1873, he was made a canon of Westminster Abbey.[5]
Kingsley sat on the 1866 Edward Eyre Defence Committee along with Thomas Carlyle, John Ruskin, Charles Dickens, John Tyndall, and Alfred Tennyson, where he supported Jamaican Governor Edward Eyre's brutal suppression of the Morant Bay Rebellion against the Jamaica Committee. Kingsley was a friend and colleague of Charles Darwin.[9]
One of his daughters, Mary St Leger Kingsley, became known as a novelist under the pseudonym Lucas Malet.[6] Kingsley's biography, written by his widow in 1877, was entitled, Charles Kingsley, his Letters and Memories of his Life.[6]
Kingsley received letters from Thomas Huxley in 1860, and sent letters in 1863 discussing Huxley's early ideas on agnosticism.
Death
[edit]Charles Kingsley died of pneumonia on 23 January 1875 at Eversley, Hampshire, aged 55. He was buried there in St. Mary's Churchyard.[10]
Influences and works
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Kingsley's interest in history is shown in several of his writings, including The Heroes (1856), a children's book about Greek mythology, and several historical novels, of which the best known are Hypatia (1853), Hereward the Wake (1865) and Westward Ho! (1855). From his book The Heroes the story of Perseus, the Gorgon Slayer was taken and in 1898 republished as The Story of Perseus and the Gorgon's Head.[11][12]
He was sympathetic to the idea of evolution and was one of the first to welcome Charles Darwin's book