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Carboirite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Carboirite
Formula:
Fe2+Al2O(GeO4)(OH)2
Colour:
Green
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
6
Specific Gravity:
3.95 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named after the type locality, Carboire, Ariège, Midi-Pyrénées, France.
Type Locality:
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
893
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:893:8
Similar Names
| Carboirite-III | Fe2+Al2GeO5(OH)2 |
IMA Classification of Carboirite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Fe2+Al2GeO5(OH)2
Approval year:
1980
First published:
1983
Type description reference:
Johan, Z.; Oudin, E.; Picot, P. (1983) Analogues germanifères et gallifères des silicates et oxydes dans les gisements de zinc des Pyrénées centrales, France; argutite et carboirite, deux nouvelles espèces minérales [Germanium and gallium analogs of silicates and oxides from zinc deposits of the French central Pyrenees; argutite and carboirite, two new mineral species]. TMPM Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 31 (1). 97-119 doi:10.1007/bf01084764
Classification of Carboirite
9.J0.05
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
J : Germanates
0 :
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
J : Germanates
0 :
52.3.3.4
52 : NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups and O,OH,F,H2O
3 : Insular SiO4 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [6] coordination only
52 : NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups and O,OH,F,H2O
3 : Insular SiO4 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [6] coordination only
7.11.17
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
11 : Oxides of Sn and Pb
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
11 : Oxides of Sn and Pb
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Cb | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Carboirite
Vitreous
Colour:
Green
Hardness:
6 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
(001)
(001)
Density:
3.95 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Carboirite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.731 nβ = 1.735 nγ = 1.74
2V:
Measured: 65° to 70°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.009
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
X = bluish green, Y = light blue, Z = colorless to yellow
Chemistry of Carboirite
Mindat Formula:
Fe2+Al2O(GeO4)(OH)2
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Carboirite
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Class (H-M):
1 - Pinacoidal
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.51 Å, b = 5.56 Å, c = 9.29 Å
α = 96.08°, β = 101.52°, γ = 89.45°
α = 96.08°, β = 101.52°, γ = 89.45°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.71 : 1 : 1.671
Unit Cell V:
478.58 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Pseudo-hexagonal plates. Forms {001}, {110}, {010}.
Twinning:
Polysynthetic twinning // to (001).
Comment:
Space group C1 as compared to monoclinic chloritoid
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.785 Å | (50) |
| 4.528 Å | (100) |
| 3.020 Å | (80) |
| 2.728 Å | (90) |
| 2.480 Å | (90) |
| 1.854 Å | (60) |
| 1.608 Å | (70) |
| 1.384 Å | (60) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Type Occurrence of Carboirite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Green, pseudo-hexagonal plates (100 x 100 x 30 µm).
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, Paris, France, number 54469.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Johan, Z.; Oudin, E.; Picot, P. (1983) Analogues germanifères et gallifères des silicates et oxydes dans les gisements de zinc des Pyrénées centrales, France; argutite et carboirite, deux nouvelles espèces minérales [Germanium and gallium analogs of silicates and oxides from zinc deposits of the French central Pyrenees; argutite and carboirite, two new mineral species]. TMPM Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 31 (1). 97-119 doi:10.1007/bf01084764
Synonyms of Carboirite
Other Language Names for Carboirite
Relationship of Carboirite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Chloritoid Group:
| Chloritoid | Fe2+Al2O(SiO4)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| Magnesiochloritoid | MgAl2O(SiO4)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| Ottrélite | Mn2+Al2O(SiO4)(OH)2 | Mon. |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 2 photos of Carboirite associated with Sphalerite | ZnS |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.J0.10 | Bartelkeite | Pb(Fe2+Ge)[Ge2O7](OH)2 · H2O |
| 9.J0.15 | Otjisumeite | PbGe4O9 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Carboirite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-893.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Carboirite
Reference List:
Johan, Z.; Oudin, E.; Picot, P. (1983) Analogues germanifères et gallifères des silicates et oxydes dans les gisements de zinc des Pyrénées centrales, France; argutite et carboirite, deux nouvelles espèces minérales [Germanium and gallium analogs of silicates and oxides from zinc deposits of the French central Pyrenees; argutite and carboirite, two new mineral species]. TMPM Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 31 (1). 97-119 doi:10.1007/bf01084764
Localities for Carboirite
Showing 2 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
France (TL) | |
| Johan et al. (1983) +2 other references |
| Cugerone (2019) |
Quick NavTopAbout CarboiriteUnique IdentifiersSimilar NamesIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography X-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesRelationshipsCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatOther InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Carboire, Ustou, Saint-Girons, Ariège, Occitanie, France