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Heyrovskýite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Heyrovskýite
Jaroslav Heyrovský
Formula:
Pb6Bi2S9
May contain minor Ag (substitution scheme 2Pb <-> Ag + Bi).
Colour:
Tin white
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
4 - 5
Specific Gravity:
7.17
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1971 J, Klominsky, M. Rieder, C. Kieft, and L. Mraz in honor of Jaroslav Heyrovský [1890-1967], professor of chemistry at Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
Closely related to aschamalmite, but always contains minor Ag (Mumme et al., 1983).
May exsolve/decompose to a mixture of galena and cosalite (Klomínský et al., 1971).
Bi may be substituted by Sb (Ertl et al., 1994).
A heyrovskýite with a doubled c-axis (2x 4.08 A) is decribed by Ertl et al. (1994).
May exsolve/decompose to a mixture of galena and cosalite (Klomínský et al., 1971).
Bi may be substituted by Sb (Ertl et al., 1994).
A heyrovskýite with a doubled c-axis (2x 4.08 A) is decribed by Ertl et al. (1994).
Name Encoding
ASCII-7:
Heyrovskyite
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
6993
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:6993:5
IMA Classification of Heyrovskýite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Pb2+6Bi3+2S2-9
Approval year:
1970
First published:
1971
Classification of Heyrovskýite
2.JB.40b
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
J : Sulfosalts of PbS archetype
B : Galena derivatives, with Pb
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
J : Sulfosalts of PbS archetype
B : Galena derivatives, with Pb
3.3.3.1
3 : SULFOSALTS
3 : 3 <ø < 4
3 : SULFOSALTS
3 : 3 <ø < 4
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Hyv | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Heyrovskýite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Tin white
Streak:
Greyish black
Hardness:
4 - 5 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN50=166 - 234 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Poor/Indistinct
Density:
7.17 g/cm3 (Measured) 7.18 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Heyrovskýite
Anisotropism:
Strong, dark gray to white in air, grayish-white to brownish in oil.
Bireflectance:
Weak in air with color white to light gray, distinct bireflectance in oil, white, to grayish white.
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 (%) | R2 (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 470nm | 43.3% | 47.3% |
| 546nm | 40.6% | 44.6% |
| 589nm | 39.8% | 43.9% |
| 650nm | 39.6% | 43.7% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 47.3%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Chemistry of Heyrovskýite
Mindat Formula:
Pb6Bi2S9
May contain minor Ag (substitution scheme 2Pb <-> Ag + Bi).
May contain minor Ag (substitution scheme 2Pb <-> Ag + Bi).
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Heyrovskýite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm(2/m2/m2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
Cccm
Setting:
Cccm
Cell Parameters:
a = 4.1457(3) Å, b = 13.7421(5) Å, c = 31.5005(12) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.302 : 1 : 2.292
Unit Cell V:
1794.6 ų
Z:
4
Comment:
Cell parameters from Pervukhina et al. (2012).
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.435 Å | (100) |
| 2.962 Å | (80) |
| 2.098 Å | (35) |
| 1.790 Å | (22) |
| 3.343 Å | (20) |
| 3.006 Å | (15) |
| 2.067 Å | (15) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust | >4.50 |
| 11 : Volcanic fumarole minerals; reduced phases (see also #45) | |
| Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere | >4.45 |
| 12 : Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits (see also #33) | |
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Type Occurrence of Heyrovskýite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Acicular crystals less than 20 mm long and 0.1 to 0.5 mm thick, and in masses to 2 mm.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic, 14265.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Hydrothermal; high-temperature quartz veins.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Heyrovskýite
Other Language Names for Heyrovskýite
Dutch:
Hůrky, Čistá ring, Čistá, Rakovník District, Central Bohemian Region, Czech Republic