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Wyllieite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Wyllieite
Peter J. Wyllie
Formula:
(Na,Ca,Mn)(Mn,Fe)(Fe,Mg)Al(PO4)3
Colour:
deep bluish-green to deep oily-green, gray-green, to greenish-black
Lustre:
Vitreous, Sub-Metallic
Hardness:
4 - 4½
Specific Gravity:
3.61 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named by Paul B. Moore and Jun Ito in 1973 in honor of Peter John Wyllie (8 February 1930, London, England - ), Professor of Geology, University of Chicago (1965-1983) and the California Institute of Technology (1984-1999), for his work on granite melts in dry and aqueous conditions. He received the Roebling Medal in 2001.
The original wyllieite from the Victory Pegmatite, Custer, South Dakota, USA (Moore and Ito, 1973) was redefined by Moore and Ito (1979) as ferrowyllieite-MnNaNa, but their new wyllieite, designated by them as wyllieite-âĄNaCa, was not formally described except for a published chemical analysis and the implicit assertion that their material otherwise conformed to the wyllieite group (Min Mag 43:227, 1979).
The mineral rosemaryite is named for his wife.
The original wyllieite from the Victory Pegmatite, Custer, South Dakota, USA (Moore and Ito, 1973) was redefined by Moore and Ito (1979) as ferrowyllieite-MnNaNa, but their new wyllieite, designated by them as wyllieite-âĄNaCa, was not formally described except for a published chemical analysis and the implicit assertion that their material otherwise conformed to the wyllieite group (Min Mag 43:227, 1979).
The mineral rosemaryite is named for his wife.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
4321
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4321:8
Similar Names
IMA Classification of Wyllieite
Approved
IMA Formula:
NaNaMn2+(Fe2+Al)(PO4)3
Approval year:
1972
First published:
1973
Classification of Wyllieite
8.AC.15
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
C : With medium-sized and large cations
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
C : With medium-sized and large cations
Dana 7th ed.:
38.2.8.2
38.2.4.2
38 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES
2 : (AB)5(XO4)3
38 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES
2 : (AB)5(XO4)3
19.14.4
19 : Phosphates
14 : Phosphates of Fe and other metals
19 : Phosphates
14 : Phosphates of Fe and other metals
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMAâCNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMAâCNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMAâCNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Wyl | IMAâCNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMAâCNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Wyl | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Wyllieite
Vitreous, Sub-Metallic
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Deep bluish-green to deep oily-green, gray-green, to greenish-black
Streak:
Dirty olive green
Hardness:
4 - 4½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Very brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
{010} perfect, {101} distinct
{010} perfect, {101} distinct
Density:
3.61 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Wyllieite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.685(2) nβ = 1.688(2) nγ = 1.692(2)
2V:
Measured: 90° , Calculated: 82°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.007
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 ”m thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 ”m thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
r > v weak
Comments:
Thick plates show pleochroism, X smoky blue-gray, Y smoky
bluish-green, Z green. Abs Z>Y>X.
bluish-green, Z green. Abs Z>Y>X.
Chemistry of Wyllieite
Mindat Formula:
(Na,Ca,Mn)(Mn,Fe)(Fe,Mg)Al(PO4)3
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Wyllieite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/c
Setting:
P21/n
Cell Parameters:
a = 11.967(2) Å, b = 12.462(3) Å, c = 6.409(1) Å
β = 114.52°, γ = 2°
β = 114.52°, γ = 2°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.96 : 1 : 0.514
Unit Cell V:
869.60 Ă
Âł (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| - Ă | () |
Comments:
No published data. See note in name history.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 34 : Complex granite pegmatites |
Type Occurrence of Wyllieite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Masses and crude crystals to 10 cm. Likely previously misidentified as triphylite-lithiophilite.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 162557.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Zoned, complex granite pegmatites
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Wyllieite
Other Language Names for Wyllieite
Relationship of Wyllieite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Wyllieite Group:
| Ferroqingheiite | NaNaFe2+(MgAl)(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/c |
| Ferrorosemaryite | â»NaFe2+Fe3+Al(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/c |
| Ferrowyllieite | (Na,Ca,Mn)(Fe,Mn)(Fe,Fe,Mg)Al(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/c |
| 'Fupingqiuite' | Synonym (or variety?) of varulite according to nomeclatorial reorganisation of the alluaudite group (proposal ... | Mon. |
| Magnesioqingheiite | Na2Mg(MgAl)(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/c |
| Qingheiite | NaNaMn2+(MgAl)(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/c |
| Rosemaryite | (Na,Ca,Mn)(Mn,Fe2+)(Fe3+,Mg)Al(PO4)3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/c |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.AC. | 'Crocobelonite-1M' | CaFe3+2O(PO4)2 |
| 8.AC. | Magnesioqingheiite | Na2Mg(MgAl)(PO4)3 |
| 8.AC. | Manganobadalovite | NaNaMn(MgFe3+)(AsO4)3 |
| 8.AC. | Changesite-(Y) | (Ca8Y)â»Fe2+(PO4)7 |
| 8.AC. | Babunaite-(Nd) | NdAsO4 |
| 8.AC. | Crocobelonite | CaFe3+2O(PO4)2 |
| 8.AC. | Wopmayite | Ca6Na3â»Mn(PO4)3(PO3OH)4 |
| 8.AC. | Beershevaite | CaFe3+3(PO4)3O |
| 8.AC. | Epiebnerite | (NH4)Zn(PO4) |
| 8.AC. | Ebnerite | (NH4)Zn(PO4) |
| 8.AC.X | Dyrnaesite-(La) | Na8Ce4+(La,REE)2(PO4)6 |
| 8.AC. | Edtollite | K2NaCu5Fe3+O2(AsO4)4 |
| 8.AC. | Angarfite | NaFe3+5(PO4)4(OH)4 · 4H2O |
| 8.AC. | Kabalovite | Fe2+3Fe3+4(PO4)6 |
| 8.AC. | Nazarchukite | Ca2NiFe3+2(PO4)4 |
| 8.AC. | Calciohatertite | NaNaCa(CaFe3+)(AsO4)3 |
| 8.AC. | Alumoedtollite | K2NaCu5AlO2(AsO4)4 |
| 8.AC.02 | Grigorievite | Cu3Fe3+2Al2(VO4)6 |
| 8.AC.02 | Koksharovite | CaMg2Fe3+4(VO4)6 |
| 8.AC.02 | Ziminaite | Fe3+ 6 (VO4)6 |
| 8.AC.05 | Hatertite | Na2(Ca,Na)(Fe3+,Cu)2(AsO4)3 |
| 8.AC.05 | Erikapohlite | Cu3(Zn,Cu,Mg)4Ca2(AsO4)6 · 2H2O |
| 8.AC.05 | 'Unnamed (Na-Mg Arsenate Hydroxyarsenate)' | NaMg3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)2 |
| 8.AC.05 | 'Unnamed (Na-Zn-H Arsenate Hydroxyarsenate)' | Na(Na0.6Zn0.4)Zn2(H0.6AsO4)(AsO3OH)2 |
| 8.AC.05 | Calciojohillerite | NaCaMg3(AsO4)3 |
| 8.AC.05 | Magnesiohatertite | (Na,Ca)2Ca(Mg,Fe3+)2(AsO4)3 |
| 8.AC.05 va | 'Alluaudite-Na[]' | â»4Na4Mn2+4Fe3+8(PO4)12 |
| 8.AC.05 va | 'Alluaudite-Ca[]' | â»4Ca4Mn2+4Fe3+8(PO4)12 |
| 8.AC.05 va | 'Ferroalluaudite-NaNa' | Na4Na4Fe2+4Fe3+8(PO4)12 |
| 8.AC.05 | 'Hagendorfite-NaNa' | NaNaFe2+(Mn2+,Mn3+)(PO4)3 (?) |
| 8.AC.05 | O'Danielite | Na(Zn,Mg)3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)2 |
| 8.AC.05 | Howardevansite | NaCuFe2(VO4)3 |
| 8.AC.05 | Khrenovite | Na3Fe3+2(AsO4)3 |
| 8.AC.05 | Zincobradaczekite | NaZn2Cu2(AsO4)3 |
| 8.AC.05 | Paraberzeliite | NaCa2Mg2(AsO4)3 |
| 8.AC.05 | Badalovite | Na2Mg2Fe(AsO4)3 |
| 8.AC.05 | Magnesiocanutite | NaMnMg2[AsO4]2[AsO2(OH)2] |
| 8.AC.05 | Manganohatertite | NaNaCa(MnFe3+)(AsO4)3 |
| 8.AC.05 | Camanchacaite | NaCaMg2[AsO4][AsO3(OH)]2 |
| 8.AC.07 | Zhanghuifenite | Na3Mn4Mg2Al(PO4)6 |
| 8.AC.07 | Ferrobobfergusonite | Na2Fe2+5Fe3+Al(PO4)6 |
| 8.AC.10 | Hagendorfite | NaCaMn2+Fe2+2(PO4)3 |
| 8.AC.10 | 'Ferrohagendorfite' | NaCaFe2+Fe2+2(PO4)3 |
| 8.AC.10 | Johillerite | Na(Mg,Zn)3Cu(AsO4)3 |
| 8.AC.10 | Varulite | NaCaMn2+Mn2+2(PO4)3 |
| 8.AC.10 | Nickenichite | Na0.8Ca0.4Cu0.4(Mg,Fe)3(AsO4)3 |
| 8.AC.10 | Arseniopleite | NaCaMnMn2(AsO4)3 |
| 8.AC.10 | Groatite | NaCaMn2(PO4)[PO3(OH)]2 |
| 8.AC.10 | Alluaudite | (Na,Ca)Mn2+(Fe3+,Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)2(PO4)3 |
| 8.AC.10 | Bradaczekite | NaCu4(AsO4)3 |
| 8.AC.10 | Caryinite | (Na,Pb)(Ca,Na)CaMn2+2(AsO4)3 |
| 8.AC.10 | Ferroalluaudite | (Na,Ca)Fe2+(Fe3+,Mn2+,Fe2+)2(PO4)3 |
| 8.AC.10 | Maghagendorfite | (Na,â»)MgMn2+(Fe2+,Fe3+)2(PO4)3 |
| 8.AC.15 | Ferrowyllieite | (Na,Ca,Mn)(Fe,Mn)(Fe,Fe,Mg)Al(PO4)3 |
| 8.AC.15 | Qingheiite | NaNaMn2+(MgAl)(PO4)3 |
| 8.AC.15 | Rosemaryite | (Na,Ca,Mn)(Mn,Fe2+)(Fe3+,Mg)Al(PO4)3 |
| 8.AC.15 | Ferroqingheiite | NaNaFe2+(MgAl)(PO4)3 |
| 8.AC.15 | Ferrorosemaryite | â»NaFe2+Fe3+Al(PO4)3 |
| 8.AC.15 | Bobfergusonite | Na2Mn5FeAl(PO4)6 |
| 8.AC.17 | Czochralskiite | Na4Ca3Mg(PO4)4 |
| 8.AC.18 | Manitobaite | Na16Mn2+ 25Al8(PO4)30 |
| 8.AC.20 | MariÄite | NaFe2+(PO4) |
| 8.AC.25 | SchÀferite | (NaCa2)Mg2(VO4)3 |
| 8.AC.25 | Berzeliite | (NaCa2)Mg2(AsO4)3 |
| 8.AC.25 | Matyhite | Ca18(Ca,â»)2Fe2+2(PO4)14 |
| 8.AC.25 | Hedegaardite | (Ca,Na)9(Ca,Na)Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH) |
| 8.AC.25 | Manganberzeliite | (NaCa2)Mn2+2(AsO4)3 |
| 8.AC.25 | Palenzonaite | (NaCa2)Mn2+2(VO4)3 |
| 8.AC.30 | Brianite | Na2CaMg(PO4)2 |
| 8.AC.35 | Vitusite-(Ce) | Na3(Ce,La,Nd)(PO4)2 |
| 8.AC.40 | Bario-olgite | (Ba,Sr)(Na,Sr,REE)2Na(PO4)2 · |
| 8.AC.40 | Olgite | (Sr,Ba)(Na,Sr,REE)2Na(PO4)2 |
| 8.AC.45 | Magnesiochangesite-(Ce) | (Ca8Ce)â»Mg(PO4)7 |
| 8.AC.45 | Tuite | Ca3(PO4)2 |
| 8.AC.45 | Ferromerrillite | Ca9NaFe2+(PO4)7 |
| 8.AC.45 | Strontiowhitlockite | Sr9Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH) |
| 8.AC.45 | Magnesiochangesite-(Y) | (Ca8Y)â» Mg(PO4)7 |
| 8.AC.45 | Changesite-(Ce) | (Ca8Ce)â»Fe2+(PO4)7 |
| 8.AC.45 | Merrillite | Ca9NaMg(PO4)7 |
| 8.AC.45 | Whitlockite | Ca9Mg(PO4)6(PO3OH) |
| 8.AC.47 | Iwateite | Na2BaMn(PO4)2 |
| 8.AC.47 | Ozerovaite | Na2KAl3(AsO4)4 |
| 8.AC.47 | Yurmarinite | Na7(Fe3+,Mg,Cu)4(AsO4)6 |
| 8.AC.47 | Pansnerite | K3Na3(Fe3+,Al)6(AsO4)8 |
| 8.AC.47 | Anatolyite | Na6(Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe3+)3Al(AsO4)6 |
| 8.AC.50 | Fillowite | Na3CaMn2+11(PO4)9 |
| 8.AC.50 | Galileiite | Na3Fe2+Fe2+11(PO4)9 |
| 8.AC.50 | Johnsomervilleite | Na3CaFe11(PO4)9 |
| 8.AC.50 | Xenophyllite | Na4Fe2+7(PO4)6 |
| 8.AC.50 | Udinaite | NaMg4(VO4)3 |
| 8.AC.50 | Arsenudinaite | NaMg4(AsO4)3 |
| 8.AC.50 | Chladniite | Na3CaMg11(PO4)9 |
| 8.AC.52 | Lasnierite | (Ca,Sr)(Mg,Fe2+)2Al(P[O,F]4)3 |
| 8.AC.55 | Pharmazincite | KZnAsO4 |
| 8.AC.57 | Zubkovaite | Ca3Cu3(AsO4)4 |
| 8.AC.60 | Kosnarite | KZr2(PO4)3 |
| 8.AC.65 | Panethite | (Na,Ca)2(Mg,Fe2+)2(PO4)2 |
| 8.AC.70 | Stanfieldite | Ca4Mg5(PO4)6 |
| 8.AC.75 | Ronneburgite | K2MnV4O12 |
| 8.AC.80 | Tillmannsite | Ag3Hg[(V,As)O4] |
| 8.AC.85 | Filatovite | K(Al,Zn)2(As,Si)2O8 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Wyllieite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-4321.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Wyllieite
Reference List:
Moore, Paul B., Ito, Jun (1973) Wyllieite, Na2Fe2+2Al(PO4)3: a New Species. The Mineralogical Record, 4 (3) 131-136
Moore, Paul Brian, Molin-Case, and JoAnn (1974) Contribution to pegmatite phosphate giant crystal paragenesis: II. The crystal chemistry of wyllieite, Na2Fe2+2Al[PO4]3, a primary phase. American Mineralogist, 59 (3-4) 280-290 (structure of ferrowylieite)
Moore, Paul B., Ito, Jun (1979) Alluaudites, wyllieites, arrojadites: crystal chemistry and nomenclature. Mineralogical Magazine, 43 (326) 227-235 doi:10.1180/minmag.1979.043.326.04
Fleischer, Michael, Cabri, Louis J., Chao, G. Y., Pabst, Adolf (1980) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 65 (7-8) 808-814
Fransolet, André-Mathieu (1995) Wyllieite et rosemaryite dans la pegmatite de Buranga, Rwanda. European Journal of Mineralogy, 7 (3) 567-576 doi:10.1127/ejm/7/3/0567
Yakubovich, Olga V., Massa, Werner, Gavrilenko, Polina G., Dimitrova, Olga V. (2005) The crystal structure of a new synthetic member in the wyllieite group: Na1.265Mn2+2.690Mn3+0.785(PO4)3. European Journal of Mineralogy, 17 (5) 741-748 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2005/0017-0741
ĆodziĆski, M., Sitarz, M. (2009) Chemical and spectroscopic characterization of some phosphate accessory minerals from pegmatites of the Sowie GĂłry Mts, SW Poland. Journal of Molecular Structure, 924-926. 442-447 doi:10.1016/j.molstruc.2008.11.019
Rezgui, Eya, Ouerfelli, Najoua, Gavinho, S. R., Carvalho, J. P. F., Graça, M. P. F., Teixeira, S. Soreto (2023) Crystal Structure, Ionic Conductivity, Dielectric Properties and Electrical Conduction Mechanism of the Wyllieites Na1.5Mn3.5(AsO4)3 and Na1.5Mn3Fe0.5(AsO4)3. Crystals, 13 (8) doi:10.3390/cryst13081251
Localities for Wyllieite
Showing 23 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
â - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Colombo et al. (2018) |
| Tait et al. (2004) |
| Roda-Robles et al. (2012) |
Brazil | |
| Cassedanne (1983) +1 other reference |
Europe | |
| Keller et al. (1997) | |
France | |
| Berbain et al. (2012) |
| Berbain et al. (2012) |
Germany | |
| Thomas et al. (2000) |
Poland | |
| ĆodziĆski M. & Sitarz M. 2008: Chemical and Spectroscopic Characterization of Some Phosphates Accessory Minerals from Pegmatites of the Sowie Mts (Owles Mts) |
| Pieczka et al. (2017) | |
Portugal | |
| Dias P et al. (2014) |
Rwanda | |
| Fransolet (1995) |
Spain | |
| Merino et al. (2019) |
| EncarnaciĂłn Roda-Robles (2007) +1 other reference |
| Bareche (2005) |
| & locality references +1 other reference | |
Sweden | |
| Grensman (1988) +2 other references |
| Ek et al. (1990) |
USA | |
| London et al. (1982) |
| Campbell et al. (1986) |
| [MinRec 4:111 | |
| Forrest Cureton |
| Yedlin (1973) |
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Tip Top Mine, Fourmile, Custer Mining District, Custer County, South Dakota, USA