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Sobolevskite

A valid IMA mineral species

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Sobolevskite, etc.

Chalcedony occurrence, Langau, Horn District, Lower Austria, Austria

Sobolevskite

Oktyabrsky Mine, Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit, Norilsk-Talnakh Mining Region, Taimyr Peninsula, Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia

Sobolevskite, etc.

Oktyabrsky Mine, Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit, Norilsk-Talnakh Mining Region, Taimyr Peninsula, Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia

Sobolevskite, etc.

Chalcedony occurrence, Langau, Horn District, Lower Austria, Austria

Sobolevskite

Oktyabrsky Mine, Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit, Norilsk-Talnakh Mining Region, Taimyr Peninsula, Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia

Sobolevskite, etc.

Oktyabrsky Mine, Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit, Norilsk-Talnakh Mining Region, Taimyr Peninsula, Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia

Sobolevskite, etc.

Chalcedony occurrence, Langau, Horn District, Lower Austria, Austria

Sobolevskite

Oktyabrsky Mine, Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit, Norilsk-Talnakh Mining Region, Taimyr Peninsula, Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia

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About SobolevskiteHide

Petr G. Sobolevski

Formula:

PdBi

Member of the triple system PdTe-PdBi-PdSb with a continuous isomorphic series along Te-Bi and Bi-Sb sides of triangle. Isomorphism along Te-Sb side is complicated in absence of Bi especially for high-Te compositions.

Colour:

pale pinkish orange

Lustre:

Metallic

Hardness:

Specific Gravity:

11.88 (Calculated)

Crystal System:

Hexagonal

Member of:

Nickeline Group

Name:

Named after Pyotr Grigorievich Sobolevskiy (Пётр Григорьевич Соболевский) (1781, St. Petersburg, Russian Empire - 24 October 1841, St. Petersburg, Russian Empire), engineer and metallurgist. A student of the platinum deposits of the Russian Urals and one of the founders of powder metallurgy.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Oktyabrsky Mine, Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit, Norilsk-Talnakh Mining Region, Taimyr Peninsula, Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia

Member of two isomorphic series: Sobolevskite-Kotulskite Series and Sobolevskite-Sudburyite Series.

Not to be confused with sobolevite.

A possible intermediate member of the second series is coded as 'UM1985-01-Bi:PdSb'. A potential Bi analogue is known: 'UM1974-02-Bi:AsPdPtSb'.

Known synthetically as hexagonal and monoclinic polymorphs. Sobolevskite was described as hexagonal, isostructural with nickeline, but refinement of the X-ray powder pattern indicates that sobolevskite is a mixture of the two PdBi polymorphs.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

3700

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:3700:2

IMA Classification of SobolevskiteHide

IMA status:

Approved

Approval year:

1973

First published:

1975

Type description reference:

Evstigneeva, T.L., Genkin, A.D., Kovalenker, V.A. (1975) A new bismuthide of palladium, sobolevskite, and the nomenclature of minerals of the system PdBi-PdTe-PdSb. Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva: 104: 568-579.

Classification of SobolevskiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

2.CC.05

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
C : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 1: 1 (and similar)
C : With Ni, Fe, Co, PGE, etc.

Hey's CIM Ref.:

3.12.40

3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
12 : Sulphides etc. of the platinum metals

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Sov	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
Sob	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019)	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of SobolevskiteHide

Lustre:

Metallic

Transparency:

Opaque

Colour:

Pale pinkish orange

Hardness:

4 on Mohs scale

Hardness:

VHN₅₀=236(28) kg/mm² - Vickers

Density:

11.88 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of SobolevskiteHide

Anisotropism:

Strong, with distinct color effects in reddish-lilac and pale-cream shades

Reflectivity:

Wavelength	R₁ (%)	R₂ (%)
480nm	52.2%	46.7%
520nm	56.1%	50.4%
560nm	59.7%	54.3%
600nm	62.0%	56.5%
640nm	65.0%	59.3%
680nm	67.5%	60.5%
720nm	68.7%	61.0%

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 68.7%.
R₁ shown in black, R₂ shown in red

Colour in reflected light:

grayish white with creamy tint

Pleochroism:

Not Visible

Chemistry of SobolevskiteHide

Mindat Formula:

PdBi

Member of the triple system PdTe-PdBi-PdSb with a continuous isomorphic series along Te-Bi and Bi-Sb sides of triangle. Isomorphism along Te-Sb side is complicated in absence of Bi especially for high-Te compositions.

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
Bi	66.259 %
Pd	33.741 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Bi, Pd - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Common Impurities:

Pt,Ag

Crystallography of SobolevskiteHide

Crystal System:

Hexagonal

Cell Parameters:

a = 4.23 Å, c = 5.69 Å

Ratio:

a:c = 1 : 1.345

Unit Cell V:

88.17 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Comment:

Point Group: n.d.; Space Group: n.d.

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0005249	Sobolevskite	Bayliss P (1990) Revised unit cell dimensions, space group, and chemical formula of some metallic minerals The Canadian Mineralogist 28 751-755		1990		0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Sobolevskite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Bayliss P'
_journal_name_full 'The Canadian Mineralogist'
_journal_volume 28 
_journal_year 1990
_journal_page_first 751
_journal_page_last 755
_publ_section_title
;
 Revised unit cell dimensions, space group,
 and chemical formula of some metallic minerals
 Note: cell edges taken from Handbook of Mineralogy
;
_database_code_amcsd 0005249
_chemical_formula_sum 'Bi Pd'
_cell_length_a 4.23
_cell_length_b 4.23
_cell_length_c 5.69
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 120
_cell_volume 88.171
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn     11.880
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P 63/m m c'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '-x,-x+y,1/2+z'
  'x,x-y,1/2-z'
  '-x+y,-x,1/2-z'
  'x-y,x,1/2+z'
  '-y,-x,z'
  'y,x,-z'
  'y,-x+y,-z'
  '-y,x-y,z'
  'x-y,-y,1/2+z'
  '-x+y,y,1/2-z'
  'x,y,1/2-z'
  '-x,-y,1/2+z'
  'x,x-y,z'
  '-x,-x+y,-z'
  'x-y,x,-z'
  '-x+y,-x,z'
  'y,x,1/2+z'
  '-y,-x,1/2-z'
  '-y,x-y,1/2-z'
  'y,-x+y,1/2+z'
  '-x+y,y,z'
  'x-y,-y,-z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
Bi   0.33333   0.66667   0.25000
Pd   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
3.07 Å	(100)
2.26 Å	(100)
2.11 Å	(90)
1.690 Å	(50)
1.182 Å	(50)
1.74 Å	(40)
1.342 Å	(40)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
High-? alteration and/or metamorphism
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks	>3.0
37 : Layered igneous intrusions and related PGE minerals

Type Occurrence of SobolevskiteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Oktyabrsky Mine, Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit, Norilsk-Talnakh Mining Region, Taimyr Peninsula, Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia

General Appearance of Type Material:

Grains, usually less than 0.1 mm in size, in massive (mainly) and disseminated mooihoekite-chalcopyrite, troilite-pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite-cubanite ore.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

1) Mineralogical Museum of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
2) Mineralogical Museum of I.G.E.M., Russian Academy of Sciences.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Chalcopyrite	Cubanite	Mooihoekite	Paolovite	Polarite
Pyrrhotite	Native Silver	Sperrylite	Troilite

Reference:

Synonyms of SobolevskiteHide

IMA1973-042

Other Language Names for SobolevskiteHide

Dutch:Sobolevskiet

German:Sobolevskit

Russian:Соболевскит

Simplified Chinese:铋钯矿

Spanish:Sobolevskita

Relationship of Sobolevskite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Nickeline Group

Other Members of Nickeline Group:

Achávalite	FeSe	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
Breithauptite	NiSb	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
Driekopite	PtBi	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
Freboldite	CoSe	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
Kotulskite	Pd(Te,Bi)_2-x (x ≈ 0.4)	Hex.
Langisite	CoAs	Hex. 6 : P6₃
Nickeline	NiAs	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mcm
Sederholmite	NiSe	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
Stumpflite	PtSb	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
Sudburyite	PdSb	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
Vavřínite	Ni₂SbTe₂	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
Zlatogorite	NiCuSb₂	Trig. 3m(32/m) : P31m

Forms a series with:

Sudburyite	Sobolevskite-Sudburyite Series
Kotulskite	Sobolevskite-Kotulskite Series

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

12 photos of Sobolevskite associated with Taimyrite	(Pd,Cu,Pt)₃Sn
11 photos of Sobolevskite associated with Insizwaite	PtBi₂
10 photos of Sobolevskite associated with Native Silver	Ag
9 photos of Sobolevskite associated with Galena	PbS
8 photos of Sobolevskite associated with Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂
7 photos of Sobolevskite associated with Urvantsevite	Pd(Bi,Pb)₂
7 photos of Sobolevskite associated with Altaite	PbTe
6 photos of Sobolevskite associated with Pentlandite	(Ni_xFe_y)_Σ9S₈
6 photos of Sobolevskite associated with Polarite	Pd(Bi,Pb)
6 photos of Sobolevskite associated with Cubanite	CuFe₂S₃

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

2.CC.	Eliopoulosite	V₇S₈	Trig. 32 : P3₂21
2.CC.	Tilkerodeite	Pd₂HgSe₃	Trig. 3m(32/m) : P3m1
2.CC.	'UM2007-26-S:CuFeIrNiPtRh'	(Ir,Cu,Ni,Pt,Rh,Fe)₉S₁₁
2.CC.	Proxitwelvefoldite	Pd₃Ni₄Te₈	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4₂/mnm
2.CC.	Ferrotorryweiserite	Rh₅Fe₁₀S₁₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
2.CC.	Tamuraite	Ir₅Fe₁₀S₁₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
2.CC.	Crowningshieldite	(Ni_0.9Fe_0.1)S	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
2.CC.	Kuvaevite	Ir₅Ni₁₀S₁₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
2.CC.	Torryweiserite	Rh₅Ni₁₀S₁₆	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
2.CC.05	Achávalite	FeSe	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
2.CC.05	Langisite	CoAs	Hex. 6 : P6₃
2.CC.05	Sederholmite	NiSe	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
2.CC.05	Freboldite	CoSe	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
2.CC.05	Nickeline	NiAs	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mcm
2.CC.05	Jaipurite	CoS	Hex.
2.CC.05	Kotulskite	Pd(Te,Bi)_2-x (x ≈ 0.4)	Hex.
2.CC.05	Zlatogorite	NiCuSb₂	Trig. 3m(32/m) : P31m
2.CC.05	Stumpflite	PtSb	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
2.CC.05	Sudburyite	PdSb	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
2.CC.05	Breithauptite	NiSb	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
2.CC.10	Pyrrhotite	Fe_1-xS	Mon.
2.CC.10	Smythite	(Fe,Ni)_3+xS₄ (x=0-0.3)	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
2.CC.10	Troilite	FeS	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
2.CC.15	Ruthenarsenite	(Ru,Ni)As	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
2.CC.15	Westerveldite	(Fe,Ni,Co)As	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.CC.15	Modderite	CoAs	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.CC.15	Minakawaite	RhSb	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
2.CC.15	Cherepanovite	RhAs	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
2.CC.20	'UM1990-38-S:CuFeIrNiPtRh'	(Ni,Fe,Rh,Cu,Ir,Pt)S
2.CC.20	Millerite	NiS	Trig. 3m : R3m
2.CC.20	Mäkinenite	NiSe	Trig. 3m
2.CC.25	Mackinawite	FeS	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nmm
2.CC.30	Vavřínite	Ni₂SbTe₂	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6₃/mmc
2.CC.30	'Hexatestibiopanickelite'	(Pd,Ni)(Sb,Te) ?	Hex.
2.CC.35b	Cooperite	PtS	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4₂/mmc
2.CC.35a	Vysotskite	PdS	Tet. 4/m : P4₂/m
2.CC.35a	Braggite	PdPt₃S₄	Tet. 4/m : P4₂/m
2.CC.45	Jacutingaite	Pt₂HgSe₃	Trig. 3m(32/m) : P3m1
2.CC.50	'Imgreite'	NiTe (?)	Hex.