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Parasymplesite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Parasymplesite
Formula:
Fe2+3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Colour:
Light green to leek green, may be greenish black, also deep blue
Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Waxy, Silky
Hardness:
2
Specific Gravity:
3.01
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named by Tei-ichi Ito, Hideo Minato, and Kin-ichi Sakurai in 1954 from the Greek ÏαÏα = beyond for the polymorphic relationship to symplesite.
Type Locality:
Dimorph of:
Vivianite Group. Forms a series with vivianite (vivianite-parasymplesite series).
The Fe2+ analogue of köttigite and erythrite.
May be intergrown with its dimorph symplesite.
Compare also ferrisymplesite.
The Fe2+ analogue of köttigite and erythrite.
May be intergrown with its dimorph symplesite.
Compare also ferrisymplesite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3114
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3114:7
IMA Classification of Parasymplesite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Fe2+3(As5+O4)2·8H2O
First published:
1954
Classification of Parasymplesite
8.CE.40
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
C : Phosphates without additional anions, with H2O
E : With only medium-sized cations, RO4:H2O about 1:2.5
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
C : Phosphates without additional anions, with H2O
E : With only medium-sized cations, RO4:H2O about 1:2.5
40.3.6.6
40 : HYDRATED NORMAL PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
3 : A3(XO4)2·xH2O
40 : HYDRATED NORMAL PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
3 : A3(XO4)2·xH2O
20.9.7
20 : Arsenates (also arsenates with phosphate, but without other anions)
9 : Arsenates of Fe
20 : Arsenates (also arsenates with phosphate, but without other anions)
9 : Arsenates of Fe
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMAâCNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Psym | IMAâCNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMAâCNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Parasymplesite
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Waxy, Silky
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Light green to leek green, may be greenish black, also deep blue
Streak:
Blue white
Hardness:
2 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Flexible
Cleavage:
Perfect
{110}
{110}
Translation gliding:
T {110}, t {001}
Density:
3.01 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.043 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Parasymplesite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.628 - 1.635 nβ = 1.660 - 1.668 nγ = 1.702 - 1.705
2V:
Calculated: 86.5°
Birefringence:
0.08
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.070 - 0.074
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 ”m thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 ”m thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
r>v weak to distinct
Optical Extinction:
X = b, Z ⧠c = 29.0-31.5°
Pleochroism:
Strong
Comments:
Weak to strong; X = deep blue to bluish green, Y = nearly colorless to yellowish, Z = colorless to brownish yellow.
Comments:
Absorption: X > Y = Z (Sturmann 1976)
Chemistry of Parasymplesite
Mindat Formula:
Fe2+3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Parasymplesite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/m
Setting:
C2/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.3519(10) Å, b = 13.6009(13) Å, c = 4.7998(4) Å
β = 104.816(2)°
β = 104.816(2)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.761 : 1 : 0.353
Unit Cell V:
653.32 Ă
Âł (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Type material:
Thick tabular after (010), with large (010) and (201) or stout-prismatic with (110) and other prisms nearly equally well developed and with relatively large (502). Numerous prismatic faces are observed in both types of crystals, other kinds of faces being only occasionally noticed.
Thick tabular after (010), with large (010) and (201) or stout-prismatic with (110) and other prisms nearly equally well developed and with relatively large (502). Numerous prismatic faces are observed in both types of crystals, other kinds of faces being only occasionally noticed.
Comment:
Cell parameters from Hongu et al. (2021).
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
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Labels
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0009137 | Parasymplesite | Mori H, Ito T (1950) The structure of vivianite and symplesite Acta Crystallographica 3 1-6 |  | 1950 | Kiura, Japan | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 8.057 Ă | (30) |
| 6.750 Ă | (100) |
| 5.005 Ă | (10) |
| 4.612 Ă | (5) |
| 4.430 Ă | (20) |
| 4.105 Ă | (5) |
| 4.029 Ă | (5) |
| 3.941 Ă | (10) |
| 3.183 Ă | (5) |
| 3.694 Ă | (10) |
| 3.388 Ă | (5) |
| 3.247 Ă | (30) |
| 3.025 Ă | (50) |
| 2.797 Ă | (5) |
| 2.761 Ă | (30) |
| 2.735 Ă | (30) |
| 2.679 Ă | (20) |
| 2.602 Ă | (5) |
| 2.571 Ă | (10) |
| 2.482 Ă | (20) |
| 2.343 Ă | (20) |
| 2.317 Ă | (10) |
| 2.254 Ă | (5) |
| 2.214 Ă | (10) |
| 2.102 Ă | (20) |
| 2.025 Ă | (5) |
| 2.001 Ă | (5) |
| 1.964 Ă | (5) |
| 1.932 Ă | (10) |
| 1.854 Ă | (5) |
| 1.808 Ă | (5) |
| 1.789 Ă | (5) |
| 1.694 Ă | (20) |
| 1.674 Ă | (20b) |
Comments:
ICDD 35-461. Alternate pattern: 7.91 (70), 6.68 (100), 4.41 (40), 3.91 (30), 3.24 (50), 3.01 (90), 2.75 (50), 2.47 (40), BM 100:310
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47d : [Arsenates, antimonates, selenates, bismuthinates] |
Type Occurrence of Parasymplesite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Radiating aggregates of fine crystals. Crystals to 3 x 1.5 x 1 mm.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National Science Museum, Tokyo, Japan, M24052.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Oxidized polymetallic veins. Contact zone of limestone with granitic diorite.
Other Language Names for Parasymplesite
Varieties of Parasymplesite
Relationship of Parasymplesite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Vivianite Group:
| Annabergite | Ni3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Arupite | Ni3(PO4)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Babånekite | Cu3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| BariÄite | (Mg,Fe)3(PO4)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Cabrerite | NiMg2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Erythrite | Co3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Gritsenkoite | CoMg2(AsO4)2(H2O)8 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Hörnesite | Mg3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Köttigite | Zn3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Manganohörnesite | Mn2+3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : P2/c |
| Monteneroite | Cu2+Mn2+2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Pakhomovskyite | Co3(PO4)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Vivianite | Fe2+Fe2+2(PO4)2 · 8H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| Zincocabrerite | ZnMg2(AsO4)2(H2O)8 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 29 photos of Parasymplesite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 17 photos of Parasymplesite associated with Köttigite | Zn3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| 11 photos of Parasymplesite associated with Arseniosiderite | Ca2Fe3+3(AsO4)3O2 · 3H2O |
| 11 photos of Parasymplesite associated with Siderite | FeCO3 |
| 11 photos of Parasymplesite associated with Löllingite | FeAs2 |
| 9 photos of Parasymplesite associated with Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| 9 photos of Parasymplesite associated with Scorodite | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
| 7 photos of Parasymplesite associated with Symplesite | Fe2+3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| 5 photos of Parasymplesite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 5 photos of Parasymplesite associated with Karibibite | Fe3+3(As3+O2)4(As3+2O5)(OH) |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.CE. | Monteneroite | Cu2+Mn2+2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.CE. | Belmonteite | CaMn2(AsO4)2 · 7H2O |
| 8.CE. | Zincocabrerite | ZnMg2(AsO4)2(H2O)8 |
| 8.CE.X | Babånekite | Cu3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.CE.05 | Chudobaite | Mg5(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)2 · 10H2O |
| 8.CE.05 | Geigerite | Mn2+5(AsO4)2(HAsO4)2 · 10H2O |
| 8.CE.10 | Newberyite | Mg(PO3OH) · 3H2O |
| 8.CE.10 | Manganonewberyite | Mn(PO3OH)(H2O)3 |
| 8.CE.15 | Fanguangite | (MoO2)(PO3OH) · 4H2O |
| 8.CE.15 | Brassite | Mg(HAsO4) · 4H2O |
| 8.CE.20 | Phosphorrösslerite | Mg(PO3OH) · 7H2O |
| 8.CE.20 | Rösslerite | Mg(HAsO4) · 7H2O |
| 8.CE.25 | Switzerite | Mn2+3(PO4)2 · 7H2O |
| 8.CE.25 | Metaswitzerite | Mn2+3(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.CE.30 | Pradetite | CoCu4(AsO4)2(HAsO4)2 · 9H2O |
| 8.CE.30 | VeselovskĂœite | ZnCu4(AsO4)2(HAsO4)2 · 9H2O |
| 8.CE.30 | Lindackerite | CuCu4(AsO4)2(HAsO4)2 · 9H2O |
| 8.CE.30 | Klajite | MnCu4(AsO4)2(HAsO4)2 · 9-10H2O |
| 8.CE.30 | Hlouƥekite | (Ni,Co)Cu4(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)2 · 9H2O |
| 8.CE.30 | Ondruƥite | CaCu4(AsO4)2(HAsO4)2 · 10H2O |
| 8.CE.35 | Bobierrite | Mg3(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.CE.40 | BariÄite | (Mg,Fe)3(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.CE.40 | Gritsenkoite | CoMg2(AsO4)2(H2O)8 |
| 8.CE.40 | Cabrerite | NiMg2(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.CE.40 | Pakhomovskyite | Co3(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.CE.40 | Vivianite | Fe2+Fe2+2(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.CE.40 | Arupite | Ni3(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.CE.40 | Erythrite | Co3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.CE.40 | Hörnesite | Mg3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.CE.40 | Manganohörnesite | Mn2+3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.CE.40 | Köttigite | Zn3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.CE.40 | Ferrisymplesite | Fe3+3(AsO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2O |
| 8.CE.40 | Annabergite | Ni3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.CE.45 | Symplesite | Fe2+3(AsO4)2 · 8H2O |
| 8.CE.50 | Cattiite | Mg3(PO4)2 · 22H2O |
| 8.CE.55 | Koninckite | Fe3+PO4 · 3H2O |
| 8.CE.60 | KaĆkite | FeAsO4 · 3.5H2O |
| 8.CE.60 | Hilarionite | Fe3+2(SO4)(AsO4)(OH) · 6H2O |
| 8.CE.65 | Steigerite | Al(VO4) · 3H2O |
| 8.CE.70 | Metaschoderite | Al2(PO4)(VO4) · 6H2O |
| 8.CE.70 | Schoderite | Al2(PO4)(VO4) · 8H2O |
| 8.CE.75 | Zigrasite | MgZr(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.CE.75 | 'UM2009-11-PO:CaHZr' | CaZr[PO4]2 · 4H2O |
| 8.CE.75 | Malhmoodite | FeZr(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 8.CE.80 | Santabarbaraite | Fe3+3(PO4)2(OH)3 · 5H2O |
| 8.CE.85 | Metaköttigite | (Zn,Fe,Fe)3(AsO4)2 · 8(H2O,OH) |
| 8.CE.90 | Slavkovite | Cu13(AsO4)6(AsO3OH)4 · 23H2O |
Fluorescence of Parasymplesite
Not fluorescent
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Parasymplesite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3114.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Parasymplesite
Reference List:
Cesbron, Fabien; SichÚre, Marie-Claude; Vachey, HélÚne (1977) Propriétés cristallographiques et comportement thermique des termes de la série koettigite-parasymplésite. Bulletin de Minéralogie, 100 (6). 310-314 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1977.7154
Yoshiasa, Akira, Miyano, Yumiko, Isobe, Hiroshi, Sugiyama, Kazumasa, Arima, Hiroshi, Nakatsuka, Akihiko, Momma, Koichi, Miyawaki, Ritsuro (2016) Structural refinement of köttigiteâparasymplesite solid solution: Unique cation site occupancy and chemical bonding with water molecules. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 111 (5) 363-369 doi:10.2465/jmps.151207
HONGU, Hidetomo, YOSHIASA, Akira, KITAHARA, Ginga, MIYANO, Yumiko, HAN, Karin, MOMMA, Koichi, MIYAWAKI, Ritsuro, TOKUDA, Makoto, SUGIYAMA, Kazumasa (2021) Crystal structure refinement and crystal chemistry of parasymplesite and vivianite. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 116 (4) 183-192 doi:10.2465/jmps.200904
Perez, J.P.H., Okhrymenko, M., Blukis, R., Roddatis, V., Mayanna, S., Mosselmans, J.F.W., Benning, L.G. (2023) Vivianite-parasymplesite solid solution: A sink for arsenic in ferruginous environments? Geochemical Perspectives Letters, 26. 50-56 doi:10.7185/geochemlet.2325
Majzlan, Juraj, Reichstein, Anna, Haase, Patrick, Ć tevko, Martin, Sejkora, JiĆĂ, Dachs, Edgar (2024) Thermodynamics of vivianite-group arsenates M3(AsO4)2ââ
ââ8H2O (M is Ni, Co, Mg, Zn, Cu) and chemical variability in the natural arsenates of this group. European Journal of Mineralogy, 36 (1). doi:10.5194/ejm-36-31-2024
Localities for Parasymplesite
Showing 158 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
â - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Muller (1972) +1 other reference |
Austria | |
| Huber et al. (1984) +2 other references |
| Exel (1993) |
| Puttner (2002) |
| Blass (2000) |
| Annalen 1999 +2 other references |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Carinthia II (2013) |
| Meixner (1964) +1 other reference |
| Paar et al. (1978) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Niedermayr (1997) |
| Schachinger et al. (2015) |
| Bojar (1996) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2020) |
Brazil | |
| Sergio Varvello collection |
Chile | |
| XRD by Joachim Lorenz |
| maurizio dini collection - quantitative ... | |
Czech Republic | |
| HlouĆĄek et al. (2002) |
| Vrtiskova et al. (2024) |
| VrtiĆĄka L et al. (2019) +1 other reference |
| Sejkora et al. (2019) |
| DvoĆĂĄk et al. (2012) |
| StanÄk (1991) +4 other references |
| StanÄk (1997) | |
Finland | |
| Raade et al. (1984) +1 other reference |
France | |
| Pierre Le Roch |
| Thierry Brunsperger collection |
| Bari (1982) | |
| Wittern et al. (1997) | |
| Pierre et Terre 1982 | |
| De Bondt (n.d.) | |
| Pierre et terre N°23/24 |
| Wittern et al. (1997) | |
| Thierry Brunsperger collection | |
| Thierry Brunsperger collection | |
| Wittern et al. (1997) |
| Wittern et al. (1997) | |
| Wittern et al. (1997) |
| Wittern et al. (1997) +1 other reference |
| Forner et al. (1997) |
| Favreaux (1997) |
Germany | |
| WeiĂ (1990) |
| Walenta (1992) | |
| Kleinander (2009) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) +1 other reference | |
| Walenta (1992) |
| www.mineralienatlas.de (2020) |
| |
| Lapis 1985 (11) |
| BlaĂ et al. (2000) | |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1996) |
| Kaiser (1983) +1 other reference |
| Götz (1989) +1 other reference |
| Walenta (1992) | |
| |
| |
| Verein der Hegauer Mineralienfreunde (1983) +1 other reference | |
| Walenta (1992) |
| WeiĂ (1990) |
| WeiĂ (1990) | |
| Schnorrer (1993) |
| |
| Wittern et al. (1986) +1 other reference |
| Schnorrer (2000) |
| |
| Krause et al. (1982) |
| Wittern (2001) | |
| WeiĂ (1990) | |
| Wittern (2001) |
| BlaĂ et al. (1993) +1 other reference |
| Der Aufschluss 2000 (2) |
| BlaĂ et al. (1995) |
| BlaĂ et al. (1995) |
| Identified by Gerhard Möhn and Joy ... |
| Hupfer +1 other reference |
| WeiĂ (1990) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Der Aufschluss Vol.55 +1 other reference |
| Gröbner et al. (2011) |
| Thomas LĂŒhr Collection +1 other reference |
| Wittern (2001) | |
| Gröbner et al. (2011) |
| Gröbner et al. (2011) |
| Gröbner et al. (2011) | |
| Hofmann (1992) +1 other reference |
| www.mineralienatlas.de (n.d.) |
| Möhn et al. (07/2020) |
| VollstÀdt et al. (1991) |
| Witzke (1992) | |
| Wittern (2001) |
| www.mineralienatlas.de (2016) |
| Gröbner et al. (2006) |
| www.dergraul.de (2001) |
| Massanek et al. (2005) |
| Hans-JĂŒrgen Haas collection |
| Haake et al. (1994) |
| Kolitsch (1997) |
| Witzke (1992) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Gerstenberg (n.d.) |
Greece | |
| Fritz Schreiber collection (Uwe Kolitsch SXRD-analysis) |
| 42. +1 other reference | |
| BlaĂ et al. (1998) |
| ko Jansen. +1 other reference | |
| Chollet Pascal | |
| Fritz Schreiber collection (Uwe Kolitsch SXRD- and EDS-analysis) |
Ireland | |
| S. MORETON et al. (1999) |
Italy | |
| Probed by Corrado Balestra |
| Guastoni et al. (2004) |
| Guastoni et al. (2003) +1 other reference |
| Campostrini et al. (2012) +1 other reference |
| Franco Luca Bonino's collection |
| Boscardin M. (1990) |
| Jansen et al. (1998) |
Japan (TL) | |
| Proc. Japan Acad. (1954) +1 other reference |
| Uehara et al. (2014) | |
| OHNISHI et al. (2013) +2 other references | |
Mexico | |
| Sturman (1976) |
| Moore (2008) | |
Morocco | |
| [var: Cobalt-bearing Parasymplesite] Luigi Chiappino photo (https://www.mindat.org/photo-214147.html) +1 other reference |
| Favreau et al. (2006) |
| Favreau et al. (2006) |
| [var: Cobalt-bearing Parasymplesite] Favreau et al. (2006) +1 other reference |
| Favreau et al. (2006) |
North Macedonia | |
| In the collection of Joy Desor. PXRD ... |
Norway | |
| Neumann (1985) +1 other reference |
| Raade (1993) |
| Raade (1993) |
Portugal | |
| Antonio Jesus Pimentel specimens +1 other reference |
| Alves (n.d.) |
| |
Russia | |
| Pekov I.V. et al. (2010) +1 other reference |
Slovakia | |
| Ć tevko et al. (2009) |
| Martin Ć tevko +1 other reference |
| Roman GrambliÄka collection |
Spain | |
| Georges FAVREAU collection & EDX ... |
| Rewitzer et al. (2016) +2 other references |
| Calvo Rebollar (2018) |
| Calvo et al. (2014) |
| Calvo (2015) |
| Van den Berg et al. (2020) |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| EDX analyses |
| Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
| Ansermet S.; Meisser N. (2026) |
| Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
UK | |
| De Bondt (n.d.) +2 other references |
| Neall et al. (2001) |
USA | |
| Dunn (1995) |
| Smith et al. (2000) |
| Smith et al. (2000) |
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Ojuela Mine, MapimĂ, MapimĂ Municipality, Durango, Mexico