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Lammerite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Lammerite
Franz Lammer
Formula:
Cu3(AsO4)2
A solid solution with a phosphate member is suggested basing on the data of Filatov et al. (1984), resulting in Cu3[(AsxP1-x)O4]2 (x = 0.23-0.62).
Colour:
Dark green
Lustre:
Adamantine, Vitreous
Hardness:
3½ - 4
Specific Gravity:
4.9 - 5.18
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
For Franz Lammer (1914-1997), mineral collector of Leoben, Austria, who provided the first specimen.
Dimorph of:
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2314
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2314:2
Similar Names
| Lammerite-β | A synonym of Paralammerite |
| Limurite | A rock subtype |
IMA Classification of Lammerite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Cu2+3(As5+O4)2
Approval year:
1980
First published:
1981
Classification of Lammerite
8.AB.30
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
B : With medium-sized cations
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
A : Phosphates, etc. without additional anions, without H2O
B : With medium-sized cations
Dana 7th ed.:
38.3.8.1
38.3.8.1
38 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES
3 : (AB)3(XO4)2
38 : ANHYDROUS NORMAL PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, AND VANADATES
3 : (AB)3(XO4)2
20.1.1
20 : Arsenates (also arsenates with phosphate, but without other anions)
1 : Arsenates of Cu
20 : Arsenates (also arsenates with phosphate, but without other anions)
1 : Arsenates of Cu
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Lmr | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Lammerite
Adamantine, Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Comment:
Luster on cleavage surfaces is vitreous but on crystal faces adamantine
Colour:
Dark green
Streak:
Pale green
Hardness:
3½ - 4 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
good cleavage on {010},and poorer cleavage on {100}
and possibly {001}
good cleavage on {010},and poorer cleavage on {100}
and possibly {001}
Density:
4.9 - 5.18 g/cm3 (Measured) 5.236 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Lammerite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.89 nβ = 1.90 - 2.06 nγ = 1.95 - 2.14
2V:
Measured: 54° (5), Calculated: 50°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.060 - 0.250
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
r > v extreme
Pleochroism:
Strong
Comments:
X = light blue, Y = sky blue, Z = pale bluish green
Chemistry of Lammerite
Mindat Formula:
Cu3(AsO4)2
A solid solution with a phosphate member is suggested basing on the data of Filatov et al. (1984), resulting in Cu3[(AsxP1-x)O4]2 (x = 0.23-0.62).
A solid solution with a phosphate member is suggested basing on the data of Filatov et al. (1984), resulting in Cu3[(AsxP1-x)O4]2 (x = 0.23-0.62).
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Lammerite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/c
Setting:
P21/a
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.079(1) Å, b = 11.611(2) Å, c = 5.394(1) Å
β = 111.72(2)°
β = 111.72(2)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.437 : 1 : 0.465
Unit Cell V:
295.51 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Crystal Structure
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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0018801 | Lammerite | Starova G L, Vergasova L P, Filatov S K, Britvin S N, Ananyev V V (2011) Lammerite-beta, Cu3(AsO4)2 - a new mineral from fumaroles of the Great Fissure Tolbachic eruption (Kamchatka, Russia) Zapiski Rossiiskogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchetstva 140 46-51 | 2011 | Second cinder cone, North Branch, Tolbach volcano, Kamchatka, Russia | 0 | 293 | |
| 0012148 | Lammerite | Poulsen S J, Calvo C (1968) Crystal structure of Cu3(AsO4)2 Canadian Journal of Chemistry 46 917-927 | 1968 | synthetic | 0 | 293 | |
| 0001009 | Lammerite | Hawthorne F C (1986) Lammerite, Cu3(AsO4)2, a modulated close-packed structure American Mineralogist 71 206-209 |  | 1986 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2.89 Å | (10) |
| 2.52 Å | (9) |
| 3.06 Å | (8) |
| 3.00 Å | (8) |
| 2.62 Å | (8) |
| 2.59 Å | (8) |
| 2.84 Å | (7) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 45a : [Sulfates, arsenates, selenates, antimonates] | |
| 45b : [Other oxidized fumarolic minerals] | |
| 47d : [Arsenates, antimonates, selenates, bismuthinates] | |
| Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals | <10 Ka |
| 56 : Slag and smelter minerals (see also #51 and #55) |
Type Occurrence of Lammerite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Dark green spheroidal aggregates approx. 0.5 cm in diameter on corroded quartzose rock
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Institute for Mineralogy and Crystal Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany; The Natural History Museum, London, England, 1980,357; Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 117006; National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 146966, 148264.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Lammerite
Other Language Names for Lammerite
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 24 photos of Lammerite associated with Lemanskiite | NaCaCu5(AsO4)4Cl · 3H2O |
| 20 photos of Lammerite associated with Lavendulan | NaCaCu5(AsO4)4Cl · 5H2O |
| 9 photos of Lammerite associated with Starovaite | KCu5O(VO4)3 |
| 7 photos of Lammerite associated with Tenorite | CuO |
| 6 photos of Lammerite associated with Kozyrevskite | Cu4O(AsO4)2 |
| 4 photos of Lammerite associated with Popovite | Cu5O2(AsO4)2 |
| 4 photos of Lammerite associated with Paralammerite | Cu3(AsO4)2 |
| 3 photos of Lammerite associated with Ericlaxmanite | Cu4O(AsO4)2 |
| 3 photos of Lammerite associated with Bradaczekite | NaCu4(AsO4)3 |
| 3 photos of Lammerite associated with Langbeinite | K2Mg2(SO4)3 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.AB. | Kryzaite | Na4(MgCr)(PO4)3 |
| 8.AB. | Niasite | Ni2+4.5(AsO4)3 |
| 8.AB. | Johanngeorgenstadtite | Ni2+4.5(AsO4)3 |
| 8.AB. | Rodolicoite | Fe3+PO4 |
| 8.AB. | Karwowskiite | Ca9Mg(Fe2+0.5◻0.5)(PO4)7 |
| 8.AB. | Olsenite | KFe4(PO4)3 |
| 8.AB. | Borisenkoite | Cu3[(V,As)O4]2 |
| 8.AB.05 | Farringtonite | Mg3(PO4)2 |
| 8.AB.10 | Natrophilite | NaMn2+PO4 |
| 8.AB.10 | 'Sicklerite' | Li1-x(Mn3+xMn2+1-x)PO4 |
| 8.AB.10 | Simferite | LiMg(PO4) |
| 8.AB.10 | Heterosite | Fe3+(PO4) |
| 8.AB.10 | Lithiophilite | LiMn2+PO4 |
| 8.AB.10 | Karenwebberite | NaFe2+PO4 |
| 8.AB.10 | Triphylite | LiFe2+PO4 |
| 8.AB.10 | 'Ferrisicklerite' | Li1-x(Fe3+xFe2+1-x)PO4 |
| 8.AB.10 | Purpurite | Mn3+(PO4) |
| 8.AB.15 | Zavalíaite | Mn2+3(PO4)2 |
| 8.AB.15 | Chopinite | Mg3(PO4)2 |
| 8.AB.15 | Sarcopside | Fe2+3(PO4)2 |
| 8.AB.20 | Beusite | Mn2+Mn2+2 (PO4)2 |
| 8.AB.20 | Graftonite-(Ca) | CaFe2+2(PO4)2 |
| 8.AB.20 | Graftonite-(Mn) | MnFe2+2(PO4)2 |
| 8.AB.20 | Graftonite | Fe2+Fe2+2(PO4)2 |
| 8.AB.20 | Beusite-(Ca) | CaMn2+2(PO4)2 |
| 8.AB.25 | Xanthiosite | Ni3(AsO4)2 |
| 8.AB.30 | Paralammerite | Cu3(AsO4)2 |
| 8.AB.35 | Mcbirneyite | Cu3(VO4)2 |
| 8.AB.35 | Pseudolyonsite | Cu3(VO4)2 |
| 8.AB.35 | Stranskiite | Zn2Cu(AsO4)2 |
| 8.AB.40 | Michalskiite | Fe3+1.33Cu2+2(MgFe3+)2(VO4)6 |
| 8.AB.40 | Lyonsite | Cu3Fe4(VO4)6 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Lammerite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2314.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Lammerite
Reference List:
Pekov, Igor V., Koshlyakova, Natalia N., Zubkova, Natalia V., Lykova, Inna S., Britvin, Sergey N., Yapaskurt, Vasiliy O., Agakhanov, Atali A., Shchipalkina, Nadezhda V., Turchkova, Anna G., Sidorov, Evgeny G. (2018) Fumarolic arsenates − a special type of arsenic mineralization. European Journal of Mineralogy, 30 (2) 305-322 doi:10.1127/ejm/2018/0030-2718
Localities for Lammerite
Showing 13 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Austria | |
| Der Aufschluß (2006) |
Bolivia (TL) | |
| Keller et al. (1981) +1 other reference |
Chile | |
| U. Kolitsch collection (SXRD analysed) +2 other references |
| Ondruš et al. (2006) | |
Germany | |
| Blaß et al. (1995) |
India | |
| Ahmed et al. (2018) |
Namibia | |
| Gebhard (1999) |
| Ettler et al. (2009) | |
Russia | |
| Pekov (1998) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.) +3 other references |
| Pekov et al. (2014) +2 other references | |
| Pekov et al. (2019) | |
| Zelenski et al. (2012) +1 other reference |
Quick NavTopAbout LammeriteUnique IdentifiersSimilar NamesIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography Crystal StructureX-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatOther InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Abundancia Mine, Guanaco Mine, Taltal, Antofagasta Province, Antofagasta, Chile