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Kashinite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Kashinite
Formula:
Ir2S3
Colour:
Grayish black
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
7½
Specific Gravity:
9.10 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
Named in honor of Stepan Alexandrovich Kashin (Степан Александрович Кашин) (1900-1981), geologist with the Central Institute of Geological Exploration for Base and Precious Metals, Moscow, Russia, who studied the platinum deposits of the Nizhny Tagil region.
The Ir analogue of bowieite. Possibly also analogous to UM1978-17-S:IrOsPtRu and UM1993-21-S:IrOsRu.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2164
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2164:3
Similar Names
IMA Classification of Kashinite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Ir3+2S2-3
Approval year:
1982
First published:
1985
Classification of Kashinite
2.DB.15
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
D : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 3 :4 and 2:3
B : M:S = 2:3
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
D : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 3 :4 and 2:3
B : M:S = 2:3
2.11.12.2
2 : SULFIDES
11 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 2:3
2 : SULFIDES
11 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 2:3
3.12.60
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
12 : Sulphides etc. of the platinum metals
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
12 : Sulphides etc. of the platinum metals
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Ksh | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Kashinite
Metallic
Colour:
Grayish black
Hardness:
7½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN50=1529(127) kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Brittle
Comment:
flinty
Density:
9.10 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Kashinite
Anisotropism:
Moderate to strong, with reddish violet tints
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 (%) | R2 (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 440nm | 43.7% | 45.9% |
| 460nm | 45.1% | 45.5% |
| 480nm | 46.1% | 45.5% |
| 500nm | 46.8% | 45.6% |
| 520nm | 47.2% | 45.7% |
| 540nm | 47.5% | 45.8% |
| 560nm | 47.6% | 46.0% |
| 580nm | 47.6% | 46.2% |
| 600nm | 47.4% | 46.3% |
| 620nm | 47.1% | 46.5% |
| 640nm | 46.8% | 46.6% |
| 660nm | 46.6% | 46.8% |
| 680nm | 46.3% | 46.9% |
| 700nm | 46.0% | 47.0% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 47.6%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
Light gray
Pleochroism:
Weak
Chemistry of Kashinite
Mindat Formula:
Ir2S3
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Cu,Pt,Ru,Fe
Crystallography of Kashinite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm(2/m2/m2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
Pbcn
Setting:
Pbcn
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.464 Å, b = 6.001 Å, c = 6.146 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.41 : 1 : 1.024
Unit Cell V:
312.17 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
subhedral granular crystals, to 0.2 mm; on the rims of platinum or iridosmine grains.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2.99 Å | (100) |
| 1.736 Å | (60b) |
| 2.14 Å | (40) |
| 1.758 Å | (40) |
| 1.136 Å | (40b) |
| 1.028 Å | (40) |
| 0.982 Å | (40) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust | >4.50 |
| 7 : Ultramafic igneous rocks | |
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 26 : Hadean detrital minerals | |
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) | |
| Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics | <3.5-2.5 |
| 38 : Ophiolites |
Type Occurrence of Kashinite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Grains, slightly elongated or, more rarely, isometric, with straight, smooth outlines. From 10-15 µm up to few tenths of a millimeter.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Institute of Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Rare Elements, Moscow.
A.E. Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
A.E. Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Placer deposits derived from ultramafic rocks.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Kashinite
Other Language Names for Kashinite
Relationship of Kashinite to other Species
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 3 photos of Kashinite associated with Isoferroplatinum | Pt3Fe |
| 2 photos of Kashinite associated with Cuproiridsite | (Cu,Fe)Ir2S4 |
| 2 photos of Kashinite associated with Native Osmium | (Os,Ir,Ru) |
| 2 photos of Kashinite associated with Bowieite | Rh2S3 |
| 1 photo of Kashinite associated with Laurite | RuS2 |
| 1 photo of Kashinite associated with Erlichmanite | OsS2 |
| 1 photo of Kashinite associated with Native Iridium | (Ir,Os,Ru) |
| 1 photo of Kashinite associated with Cooperite | PtS |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 2.DB. | Stangersite | SnGeS3 |
| 2.DB.05 | Antimonselite | Sb2Se3 |
| 2.DB.05 | Metastibnite | Sb2S3 |
| 2.DB.05 | Pääkkönenite | Sb2AsS2 |
| 2.DB.05 | Bismuthinite | Bi2S3 |
| 2.DB.05 | Stibnite | Sb2S3 |
| 2.DB.05 | Guanajuatite | Bi2Se3 |
| 2.DB.10 | Suredaite | PbSnS3 |
| 2.DB.10 | Ottemannite | Sn2S3 |
| 2.DB.15 | Bowieite | Rh2S3 |
| 2.DB.20 | Montbrayite | (Au,Ag,Sb,Bi,Pb)23(Te,Sb,Bi,Pb)38 |
| 2.DB.25 | Edgarite | FeNb3S6 |
| 2.DB.30 | Tarkianite | (Cu,Fe)(Re,Mo)4S8 |
| 2.DB.35 | Cameronite | Cu5-x(Cu,Ag)3+xTe10 (x = 0.43) |
| 2.DB.40 | 'Schreibersite (of Shephard)' | Cr2S3 |
Other Information
Notes:
No reaction with standard reagents.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Kashinite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2164.html
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References for Kashinite
Reference List:
Parthé, E.; Hohnke, E.; Hulliger, F. (1967) A new structure type with octahedron pairs for Rh2S3, Rh2Se3 and Ir2S3. Acta Crystallographica, 23 (5). 832-840 doi:10.1107/s0365110x67003767
Zaccarini, Federica, Bindi, Luca, Pushkarev, Evgeny, Garuti, Giorgio, Bakker, Ronald J. (2016) Multi-Analytical Characterization of Minerals of the Bowieite–Kashinite Series From the Svetly Bor Complex, Urals, Russia, and Comparison With Worldwide Occurrences. The Canadian Mineralogist, 54 (2) 461-473 doi:10.3749/canmin.1500021
Yoshiasa, Akira, Kitahara, Ginga, Tokuda, Makoto, Ishimaru, Satoko, Ono, Shin-ichiro, Terai, Kunihisa, Nakatsuka, Akihiko, Sugiyama, Kazumasa (2022) Single-crystal structure refinements and Debye temperatures of Ir2S3 kashinite and Rh2S3 bowieite. Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry, 78 (11). 606-611 doi:10.1107/s2053229622009603
Localities for Kashinite
Showing 52 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Zaccarini et al. (2016) |
Austria | |
| Malitch et al. (2001) +2 other references |
| Malitch et al. (2002) |
| Melcher+Mali (1998) | |
Brazil | |
| Garuti et al. (2012) |
Bulgaria | |
| Цинцов (1998) |
Canada | |
| cannonmicroprobe.com |
| Fedortchouk et al. (2010) |
China | |
| Zuxiang (1985) |
| Bai et al. (2007) |
Colombia | |
| Aiglsperger et al. (2017) |
Cuba | |
| González-Jiménez et al. (2011) |
Ethiopia | |
| Mogessie (2003) |
France | |
| Zaccarini et al. (2016) |
Japan | |
| NISHIO–HAMANE et al. (2022) |
Kazakhstan | |
| Melcher et al. (1997) +1 other reference |
| Saveliev et al. (2023) |
| Saveliev et al. (2023) | |
Madagascar | |
|
Goodnews Bay, Bethel Census Area, Alaska, USA