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Hollandite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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05141690017271923823274.jpg
Hollandite

Königsberg mining district, Lauterecken-Wolfstein, Kusel, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
03527590017271923859750.jpg
Hollandite

Riccò del Golfo, La Spezia Province, Liguria, Italy
04146880017271923895607.jpg
Hollandite, etc.

Anketsaketsa, Ambatofinandrahana District, Amoron'i Mania, Madagascar
09656620017864808095287.jpg
Hollandite

Königsberg mining district, Lauterecken-Wolfstein, Kusel, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
03527590017271923859750.jpg
Hollandite

Riccò del Golfo, La Spezia Province, Liguria, Italy
04146880017271923895607.jpg
Hollandite, etc.

Anketsaketsa, Ambatofinandrahana District, Amoron'i Mania, Madagascar
05869790017271923945311.jpg
Hollandite

Königsberg mining district, Lauterecken-Wolfstein, Kusel, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
01731590017271923979116.jpg
Hollandite

Riccò del Golfo, La Spezia Province, Liguria, Italy
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About HollanditeHide

01870690017271924009871.jpg
Sir Thomas H. Holland
Formula:
Ba(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16
Formerly defined as Ba(Mn4+,Mn2+)8O16.
Colour:
Silvery-grey to greyish black, black
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
4 - 6
Specific Gravity:
4.95
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in honor of Sir Thomas Henry Holland (22 November 1868, Helston, Cornwall, England – 15 May 1947, Surbiton, London), geologist and educational administrator. He was Director of the Geological Survey of India. He also held administrative positions at the Imperial College London and the University of Edinburgh.
In 2012, the IMA revised the nomenclature of the Hollandite Supergroup (Biagioni et al., 2013).
Hollandite is now redefined as the (more widespread) Ba-Mn3+ end-member of the coronadite group; concurrently, type hollandite is redefined as ferrihollandite, a new name to denote the Ba-Fe3+ end-member (Biagioni et al., 2013).

The original type locality for hollandite is now that of ferrihollandite; the neotype locality for hollandite is Gowari Wadhona (misspelt Gowani Wadhona in Biagioni et al., 2013).

Visually indistinguishable from cryptomelane and several other manganese oxide minerals.
Chemically similar to romanèchite.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
1921
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1921:3

Similar NamesHide

Hellandite
Hellandite-(Ce)A valid IMA mineral species(Ca,REE)4Ce2Al◻2(B4Si4O22) (OH)2
Hellandite-(Y)A valid IMA mineral species(Ca,REE)4Y2Al◻2(B4Si4O22) (OH)2
Hellandite-(Yb)(Ca,Y)4(Yb,Y)2(Al,Fe3+,Ti4+)(Be,Li)2[B4Si4O22](O,F,OH)2
HeulanditA synonym of Heulandite Subgroup
RollanditeA valid IMA mineral speciesCu3(AsO4)2 · 4H2O

IMA Classification of HollanditeHide

IMA status:
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA status notes:
Redefined by the IMA

Classification of HollanditeHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):
4.DK.05a

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
K : With large (+- medium-sized) cations; tunnel structures
Dana 8th ed.:
7.9.1.1

7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
9 : AB8X16
Hey's CIM Ref.:
7.4.17

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
4 : Oxides of Be, Mg and the alkaline earths

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference for Standard
HolIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
HolWhitney & Evans (2010)Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371
HolThe Canadian Mineralogist (2019)The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download
HolWarr (2020)Warr, L.N. (2020) Recommended abbreviations for the names of clay minerals and associated phases. Clay Minerals, 55, 261–264 doi:10.1180/clm.2020.30

Physical Properties of HollanditeHide

Lustre:
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Silvery-grey to greyish black, black
Streak:
Black
Hardness:
4 - 6 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Prismatic.
Parting:
Crystals readily break parallel to [001] into striated chips or fibers.
Density:
4.95 g/cm3 (Measured)    4.93 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of HollanditeHide

Anisotropism:
Strong
Colour in reflected light:
White
Pleochroism:
Weak

Chemistry of HollanditeHide

Mindat Formula:
Ba(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16

Formerly defined as Ba(Mn4+,Mn2+)8O16.
Element Weights:
Element% weight
Mn52.773 %
O30.738 %
Ba16.489 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.
Mn
O
Ba
Elements listed:
Ba, Mn, O - search for minerals with similar chemistry
Common Impurities:
Fe,Pb,K,Na

Crystallography of HollanditeHide

Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/m
Setting:
I2/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.02 Å, b = 2.87 Å, c = 9.72 Å
β = 91.03°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 3.491 : 1 : 3.387
Unit Cell V:
279.48 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
1
Morphology:
Crystals short prismatic, terminated by a flat pyramid. Massive, fibrous.
Twinning:
Reported (non-specific).

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0014428HollanditeMiura H (1986) The crystal structure of hollandite Mineralogical Journal 13 119-1291986Gowari Wadhona, India0293
0009759HollanditePost J E, Von Dreele R B, Buseck P R (1982) Symmetry and cation displacements in hollandites: structure refinements of hollandite, cryptomelane and priderite Acta Crystallographica B38 1056-10651982Stuor Njuoskes, Sweden0293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
4.864 Å(5)
3.522 Å(35)
3.460 Å(35)
3.178 Å(58)
3.143 Å(100)
3.101 Å(98)
3.069 Å(58)
2.760 Å(11)
2.506 Å(4)
2.412 Å(73)
2.244 Å(11)
2.212 Å(17)
2.204 Å(25)
2.181 Å(32)
2.173 Å(24)
2.153 Å(29)
1.9986 Å(7)
1.9865 Å(2)
1.9812 Å(2)
1.9706 Å(14)
1.9035 Å(5)
1.8601 Å(18)
1.8506 Å(8)
1.8310 Å(6)
1.8220 Å(24)
1.7611 Å(6)
1.7298 Å(6)
1.7191 Å(2)
1.6946 Å(6)
1.6917 Å(6)
1.6707 Å(21)
1.6212 Å(20)
1.6142 Å(13)
1.5654 Å(5)
1.5514 Å(23)
1.5411 Å(20)
Locality:
Gowari Wadhona Mine, Chhindwara District, Jabalpur Division, Madhya Pradesh, India
Comments:
JCPDS 34-174

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism
32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event<2.4
47e : [Vanadates, chromates, manganates]
47h : [Near-surface oxidized, dehydrated minerals]
Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere<0.6
53 : Other minerals with taphonomic origins<0.4

Type Occurrence of HollanditeHide

Other Language Names for HollanditeHide

German:Hollandit
Simplified Chinese:锰钡矿
Spanish:Hollandita
Traditional Chinese:錳鋇礦

Relationship of Hollandite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Coronadite Group > Hollandite Supergroup
Other Members of Coronadite Group:
CoronaditePb(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16Mon. 2/m : B2/m
CryptomelaneK(Mn4+7Mn3+)O16Mon. 2/m : B2/m
FerricoronaditePb(Mn4+6Fe3+2)O16Tet. 4/m : I4/m
FerrihollanditeBa(Mn4+6Fe3+2)O16Mon. 2/m
ManjiroiteNa(Mn4+7Mn3+)O16Tet. 4/m : I4/m
StrontiomelaneSr(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16Mon. 2/m : P21/c
ThalliomelaneTl(Mn4+7.5Cu2+0.5)O16Tet. 4/m : I4/m

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:
61 photos of Hollandite associated with QuartzSiO2
30 photos of Hollandite associated with GoethiteFe3+O(OH)
28 photos of Hollandite associated with CryptomelaneK(Mn4+7Mn3+)O16
16 photos of Hollandite associated with CalciteCaCO3
14 photos of Hollandite associated with VanadinitePb5(VO4)3Cl
12 photos of Hollandite associated with PyrolusiteMn4+O2
12 photos of Hollandite associated with NontroniteNa0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
9 photos of Hollandite associated with Nsutite(Mn4+,Mn2+)(O,OH)2
9 photos of Hollandite associated with 'Wad'
8 photos of Hollandite associated with 'Limonite'

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

4.DK.KThalliomelaneTl(Mn4+7.5Cu2+0.5)O16Tet. 4/m : I4/m
4.DK.FerrihollanditeBa(Mn4+6Fe3+2)O16Mon. 2/m
4.DK.FerricoronaditePb(Mn4+6Fe3+2)O16Tet. 4/m : I4/m
4.DK.KopernikiteK(Ti4+7Cr3+)O16Tet. 4/m : I4/m
4.DK.05aManjiroiteNa(Mn4+7Mn3+)O16Tet. 4/m : I4/m
4.DK.05bMannarditeBa(Ti4+6V3+2)O16Tet. 4/m : I41/a
4.DK.05bRedledgeiteBa(Ti4+6Cr3+2)O16Tet.
4.DK.05Akaganeite(Fe3+,Ni2+)8(OH,O)16Cl1.25 · nH2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
4.DK.05aCoronaditePb(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16Mon. 2/m : B2/m
4.DK.05aCryptomelaneK(Mn4+7Mn3+)O16Mon. 2/m : B2/m
4.DK.05aStrontiomelaneSr(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16Mon. 2/m : P21/c
4.DK.05bHenrymeyeriteBa(Ti4+7Fe2+)O16Tet. 4/m : I4/m
4.DK.05bPrideriteK(Ti4+7Fe3+)O16Tet. 4/m : I4/m
4.DK.10Romanèchite(Ba,H2O)2(Mn4+,Mn3+)5O10Mon. 2/m
4.DK.10Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2OMon. 2/m : P2/c

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for HollanditeHide

References for HollanditeHide

Reference List:
Fermor, L., Leigh (1906) Manganese in India. Transactions of the Mining and Geological Institute of India,, 1 (2) 69-133
L. Leigh Fermor (1908) Note on a group of manganates, comprising hollandite, psilomelane and coronadite. Records of the Geological Survey of India, 36. The Geological Survey of India. 295-300
Fermor, Lewis Leigh (1909) The manganese ore deposits of India. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India Vol. 37. Geological Survey of India
Fermor, Lewis Leigh (1917) On the crystallography and nomenclature of hollandite. Records of the Geological Survey of India, 47. The Geological Survey of India. 103
Orcel, Jean, Pavlovitch, Stoyan (1931) Les caractères microscopiques des oxydes de manganèse et des manganites naturels (Détermination de leurs pouvoirs réflecteurs) Bulletin de Minéralogie, 54 (5) 108-179 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1931.4130
Schneiderhöhn, Hans, Ramdohr, Paul (1931) Lehrbuch der Erzmikroskopie Vol. 2. Borntraeger.
Frondel, Clifford, Heinrich, E. Wm. (1942) New data on hetaerolite, hydrohetaerolite, coronadite and hollandite. American Mineralogist, 27 (1) 48-56
Gruner, John W. (1943) The chemical relationship of cryptomelane (psilomelane), hollandite, and coronadite. American Mineralogist, 28 (9-10) 497-506
Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1944) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 1 - Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, New York.pp.743-744
BYSTRÖM, ANDERS, BYSTRÖM, ANN MARIE (1949) Crystal Structure of Hollandite. Nature, 164 (4183). 1128 doi:10.1038/1641128a0
Byström, A., Byström, A. M. (1950) The crystal structure of hollandite, the related manganese oxide minerals, and α-MnO2. Acta Crystallographica, 3 (2) 146-154 doi:10.1107/s0365110x5000032x
Byström, A., Byström, A. M. (1951) The positions of the barium atoms in hollandite. Acta Crystallographica, 4 (5) 469 doi:10.1107/s0365110x51001471
Frondel, C., Marvin, U. B., Ito, J. (1960) New data on birnessite and hollandite. American Mineralogist, 45 (7-8) 871-874
Mukherjee, B. (1960) Space group and cell dimensions of a specimen of hollandite. Acta Crystallographica, 13 (2) 164-165 doi:10.1107/s0365110x60000352
Nambu, Matsuo, Okada, Kokichi, Tanida, Katsutoshi (1964) Hollandite from the Miyazaki Mine, Miyagi Prefecture. Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Japan, 6 (5) 313-323 doi:10.2465/gkk1952.6.313
Nayak, V. K. (1964) Origin of hollandite from Kajlidongri mine, Madhya Pradesh, India. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 33 (265) 934-935 doi:10.1180/minmag.1964.033.265.12
Parker, Ronald B., Toots, Heinrich (1972) Hollandite-coronadite in fossil bone. American Mineralogist, 57 (9-10) 1527-1529
Perseil, E. A.; Pinet, M. (1976) Contribution à la connaissance des romanèchites et des cryptomélanes - coronadites - hollandites. Traits essentiels et paragenèses. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 55 (2). 191-204 doi:10.1007/bf00372226
Nambu, Matsuo, Tanida, Katsutoshi (1980) Cryptomelane-Manjiroite-Hollandite Series Minerals. Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Japan, 14. 62-85 doi:10.2465/gkk1952.14.special3_62
Pavich M J, Markewich H W, Dwornik E J (1980) Hollandite and lithiophorite in burrows of Late Cretaceous age, northeastern South Carolina. The Canadian Mineralogist 18, 529-533
Post, J. E., Von Dreele, R. B., Buseck, P. R. (1982) Symmetry and cation displacements in hollandites: structure refinements of hollandite, cryptomelane and priderite. Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry, 38 (4) 1056-1065 doi:10.1107/s0567740882004968
Plug, C.M. (1982) On the relationship between the structure of CaFe2O4 and hollandite. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 41. 23-26 doi:10.1016/0022-4596(82)90029-9
MIURA, Hiroyuki (1986) The crystal structure of hollandite. Mineralogical Journal, 13 (3) 119-129 doi:10.2465/minerj.13.119
Belkin, Harvey E., Libelo, E. Laurence (1987) Fibers and cylinders of cryptomelane-hollandite in Permian bedded salt, Palo Duro Basin, Texas. American Mineralogist, 72 (11-12) 1211-1224
Nistor, L.C., Van Tendeloo, G., Amelinckx, S. (1994) Defects and Phase Transition in Monoclinic Natural Hollandite: BaxMn8O16. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 109. 152-165 doi:10.1006/jssc.1994.1085
Fodor, R. V., Jacobs, R. S., Bauer, G. R. (1994) Hollandite in Hawaiian basalt: a relocation site for weathering-mobilized elements. Mineralogical Magazine, 58 (393) 589-596 doi:10.1180/minmag.1994.058.393.06
Perseil, Elena-Adriana, Hohl, Jean-Luc (2000) Association de hausmannite zincifère et de hollandite plombifère dans les minéralisations de Faucogney (Haute-Saône), France. Le Règne Minéral, 6 (36) 22-27
(2006) Hollandite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America
Williams, P. A., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S. J. (2012) New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2012. CNMNC Newsletter No 13. Mineralogical Magazine, 76 (3) 807-817 doi:10.1180/minmag.2012.076.3.26
Biagioni, Cristian, Capalbo, Carmen, Pasero, Marco (2013) Nomenclature tunings in the hollandite supergroup. European Journal of Mineralogy, 25 (1) 85-90 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2013/0025-2255
Larson, Amber M., Moetakef, Pouya, Gaskell, Karen, Brown, Craig M., King, Graham, Rodriguez, Efrain E. (2015) Inducing Ferrimagnetism in Insulating Hollandite Ba1.2Mn8O16. Chemistry of Materials, 27. 515-525 doi:10.1021/cm503801j
Gréaux, Steeve, Zhou, Youmo, Kono, Yoshio, Yamada, Akihiro, Higo, Yuji, Irifune, Tetsuo (2020) Thermoelastic Properties of K0.7Na0.3AlSi3O8 Hollandite and NaAlSi2O6 Jadeite: Implication for the Fate of the Subducted Continental Crust in the Deep Mantle. Minerals, 10 (3) 261 doi:10.3390/min10030261

Localities for HollanditeHide

Showing 383 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Afghanistan
 
  • Nuristan
Brandstätter et al. (2000)
Algeria
 
  • Tindouf Province
Semchaoui et al. (2016)
Angola
 
  • Huambo Province
    • Bailundo
Lapido-Loureiro +4 other references
  • Namibe Province
    • Virei
Lapido-Loureiro +3 other references
Argentina
 
  • La Rioja Province
    • Sanagasta department
Bardelli et al. (2018)
  • Mendoza Province
    • Malargüe Department
      • Agua Escondida District
        • Ethel mining group
 ...
  • Salta Province
    • Los Andes department
      • San Antonio de los Cobres
Ronald G. Simpson (2017) +1 other reference
Australia
 
  • New South Wales
    • Darling Co.
Brown et al. (1992)
    • Vernon Co.
Gilligan et al. (1992)
    • Yancowinna Co.
      • Broken Hill district
Birch (1999)
  • Northern Territory
    • Barkly Region
Scriven et al. (2007)
      • Muckaty Station
Jones (1955) +1 other reference
Jones (1955) +1 other reference
  • Queensland
    • Quilpie Shire
Rey (2013)
  • South Australia
    • Pastoral Unincorporated Area
      • Martins Well (Martins Well Station)
      • Moolawatana Station (Moolawatana)
        • Mt Babbage area (Inlier)
PA Wulser - unpublished data
      • Puttapa
Muller (1972) +1 other reference
  • Western Australia
    • Ashburton Shire
      • Wyloo Station
Simpson Mineral Collection of the ...
    • East Pilbara Shire
Jones et al. (2013)
    • Laverton Shire
      • Mount Weld Station
Dunkan et al. (1990) +4 other references
    • Yalgoo Shire
      • Golden Grove Mine
Le Gleuher M. (2008)
Austria
 
  • Burgenland
    • Oberwart District
      • Badersdorf
Ertl (2002)
  • Carinthia
    • Sankt Veit an der Glan District
      • Frauenstein
        • Sonntagsberg
Niedermayr et al. (1995)
      • Friesach
        • Olsa
European Journal of Mineralogy 17 (1)
  • Lower Austria
    • Waidhofen an der Thaya District
      • Raabs an der Thaya
Kolitsch et al. (2024)
  • Salzburg
    • Hallein District
      • Adnet
        • Limestone quarries
Kolitsch et al. (2013)
  • Styria
    • Weiz District
      • Fischbach
        • Falkenstein
Reicht et al. (2016)
          • Schindergraben
Reicht et al. (2016)
  • Tyrol
    • Innsbruck-Land District
      • Navis
Kolitsch et al. (2019)
      • Obernberg am Brenner
Kolitsch et al. (2018)
    • Lienz District
      • Kals am Großglockner
Uwe Kolitsch +1 other reference
        • Kals valley
Neinaveie (1979)
Belgium
 
  • Wallonia
    • Luxembourg
      • Vielsalm
        • Salmchâteau
Schreyer et al. (2001) +2 other references
Depret et al. (2024)
Bolivia
 
  • Santa Cruz
    • Ángel Sandoval Province