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Gladite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Gladite
Formula:
CuPbBi5S9
Colour:
Tin-white to lead-grey
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
2 - 3
Specific Gravity:
6.96
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
After the locality, Gladhammar, Sweden.
Type Locality:
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1705
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1705:9
Similar Names
IMA Classification of Gladite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Cu1+Pb2+Bi3+5S2-9
First published:
1924
Classification of Gladite
2.HB.05a
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
H : Sulfosalts of SnS archetype
B : With Cu, Ag, Fe, Sn and Pb
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
H : Sulfosalts of SnS archetype
B : With Cu, Ag, Fe, Sn and Pb
3.4.5.3
3 : SULFOSALTS
4 : ø = 3
3 : SULFOSALTS
4 : ø = 3
5.7.4
5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
7 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Pb and other metals
5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
7 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Pb and other metals
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Gld | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
| Gld | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Gladite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Tin-white to lead-grey
Streak:
Black
Hardness:
2 - 3 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
{010} good
{100} fair
{010} good
{100} fair
Density:
6.96 g/cm3 (Measured) 6.903 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Gladite
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R1 (%) | R2 (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 400nm | 44.0% | 46.0% |
| 440nm | 44.9% | 46.2% |
| 480nm | 45.1% | 46.4% |
| 520nm | 45.0% | 46.8% |
| 560nm | 44.8% | 46.9% |
| 600nm | 44.6% | 46.7% |
| 640nm | 44.1% | 46.0% |
| 680nm | 43.5% | 44.9% |
| 700nm | 43.2% | 44.4% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 46.9%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
Tin-white to lead-grey
Chemistry of Gladite
Mindat Formula:
CuPbBi5S9
Element Weights:
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Fe
Crystallography of Gladite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm(2/m2/m2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:
a = 4.0044(4) Å, b = 33.575(3) Å, c = 11.480(1) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.119 : 1 : 0.342
Unit Cell V:
1,543.46 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Prismatic [001] to 2cm, lacking terminal faces.
Comment:
SG Pmcn
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0006078 | Gladite | Petricek V, Makovicky E (2006) Interpretation of selected structures of the bismuthinite - aikinite series as commensurately modulated structures The Canadian Mineralogist 44 189-206 |  | 2006 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
| 0006077 | Gladite | Petricek V, Makovicky E (2006) Interpretation of selected structures of the bismuthinite - aikinite series as commensurately modulated structures The Canadian Mineralogist 44 189-206 | | 2006 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
| 0014751 | Gladite | Synecek V, Hybler J (1974) The crystal structures of krupkaite, CuPbBi3S6, and of gladite, CuPbBi5S9, and the classification of superstructures in the bismuthinite-aikinite group, Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1974 541-560 | 1974 | Krupka, Ore Mountains, NW-Bohemia | 0 | 293 | |
| 0006076 | Gladite | Petricek V, Makovicky E (2006) Interpretation of selected structures of the bismuthinite - aikinite series as commensurately modulated structures The Canadian Mineralogist 44 189-206 | | 2006 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0006075 | Gladite | Petricek V, Makovicky E (2006) Interpretation of selected structures of the bismuthinite - aikinite series as commensurately modulated structures The Canadian Mineralogist 44 189-206 | | 2006 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0005781 | Gladite | Topa D, Makovicky E, Balic-Zunic T (2002) The structural role of excess Cu and Pb in gladite and krupkaite based on new refinements of their structure The Canadian Mineralogist 40 1147-1159 | | 2002 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0005780 | Gladite | Topa D, Makovicky E, Balic-Zunic T (2002) The structural role of excess Cu and Pb in gladite and krupkaite based on new refinements of their structure The Canadian Mineralogist 40 1147-1159 | | 2002 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0009571 | Gladite | Kohatsu I, Wuensch B J (1976) The crystal structure of gladite, PbCuBi5S9, a superstructure intermediate in the series Bi2S3-PbCuBiS3 (bismuthinite-aikinite) Acta Crystallographica B32 2401-2409 |  | 1976 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.56 Å | (100) |
| 1.308 Å | (90b) |
| 1.101 Å | (90) |
| 1.082 Å | (90) |
| 2.81 Å | (70) |
| 1.948 Å | (70) |
| 1.916 Å | (70) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-? alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Type Occurrence of Gladite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Crystals, 2 cm long and 2-6 mm thick.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Hydrothermal
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Other Language Names for Gladite
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 7 photos of Gladite associated with Pekoite | CuPbBi11S18 |
| 7 photos of Gladite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 4 photos of Gladite associated with Bismuthinite | Bi2S3 |
| 4 photos of Gladite associated with Krupkaite | CuPbBi3S6 |
| 2 photos of Gladite associated with Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| 1 photo of Gladite associated with Bismutite | (BiO)2CO3 |
| 1 photo of Gladite associated with Native Bismuth | Bi |
| 1 photo of Gladite associated with Padĕraite | Cu7[(Cu,Ag)0.33Pb1.33Bi11.33]S22 |
| 1 photo of Gladite associated with Hodrušite | Cu8Bi12S22 |
| 1 photo of Gladite associated with Emplectite | CuBiS2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 2.HB. | Barikaite | Ag3Pb10(Sb8As11)S40 |
| 2.HB. | Carducciite | (Ag2Sb2)Pb12(As,Sb)16S40 |
| 2.HB. | Sardashtite | Ag9Cu2.5Pb41Sb36.5As7S112 |
| 2.HB. | Interliveingite | AgPb18As25S56 |
| 2.HB. | Reckibachite | Ag2Pb12As14Sb4S40 |
| 2.HB.05a | Salzburgite | Cu1.6Pb1.6Bi6.4S12 |
| 2.HB.05a | Hammarite | Cu2Pb2Bi4S9 |
| 2.HB.05c | Jaskólskiite | CuxPb2+x(Sb,Bi)2-xS5 (x ~ 0.15) |
| 2.HB.05 | 'UM1990-54-Se:BiCuPb' | CuPb(Ni,Co)0.3Bi3Se6 |
| 2.HB.05a | Aikinite | CuPbBiS3 |
| 2.HB.05a | Pekoite | CuPbBi11S18 |
| 2.HB.05a | Friedrichite | Cu5Pb5Bi7S18 |
| 2.HB.05b | Meneghinite | Pb13CuSb7S24 |
| 2.HB.05a | Paarite | Cu1.7Pb1.7Bi6.3S12 |
| 2.HB.05a | Lindströmite | Cu3Pb3Bi7S15 |
| 2.HB.05a | Emilite | Cu10.7Pb10.7Bi21.3S48 |
| 2.HB.05a | Krupkaite | CuPbBi3S6 |
| 2.HB.05 | 'UM2000-46-S:BiCuPb' | Cu0.33Pb0.33Bi7.67S12 |
| 2.HB.10b | Izoklakeite | Pb27(Cu,Fe,Ag)2(Sb,Bi)19S57 |
| 2.HB.10c | Eclarite | (Cu,Fe)Pb9Bi12S28 |
| 2.HB.10a | Tintinaite | Pb22Cu4(Sb,Bi)30S69 |
| 2.HB.10b | Giessenite | Pb27Cu2(Bi,Sb)19S57 |
| 2.HB.10a | Kobellite | Pb22Cu4(Bi,Sb)30S69 |
| 2.HB.15 | Jamesonite | Pb4FeSb6S14 |
| 2.HB.15 | Benavidesite | Pb4MnSb6S14 |
| 2.HB.20a | Nagyágite | [Pb3(Pb,Sb)3S6](Au,Te)3 |
| 2.HB.20b | Buckhornite | AuPb2BiTe2S3 |
| 2.HB.20e | Luxembourgite | AgCuPbBi4Se8 |
| 2.HB.20b | Jaszczakite | [Bi3S3][AuS2] |
| 2.HB.20d | Berryite | Cu3Ag2Pb3Bi7S16 |
| 2.HB.20e | Watkinsonite | Cu2PbBi4(Se,S,Te)8 |
| 2.HB.20c | Museumite | [Pb2(Pb,Sb)2S8][(Te,Au)2] |
| 2.HB.20e | Litochlebite | Ag2PbBi4Se8 |
| 2.HB.25 | Meerschautite | (Ag,Cu)6Pb43-2xSb44+2xS112Ox (x ~0.5) |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Gladite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1705.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Gladite
Reference List:
Johansson, K. (1924) Bidrag till Gladhammar-gruvornas mineralogi [Contribution to the mineralogy of the Gladhammar mines]. Arkiv für Kemi, Mineralogi och Geologi [Archive for Chemistry, Mineralogy and Geology], 9 (8) 1-22
Kohatsu, I.; Wuensch, B. J. (1976) The crystal structure of gladite, PbCuBi5S9, a superstructure intermediate in the series Bi2S3–PbCuBiS3 (bismuthinite–aikinite). Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry, 32 (8). 2401-2409 doi:10.1107/s0567740876007851
Mumme, William G., Welin, Eric, Weunsch, B. J. (1976) Crystal chemistry and proposed nomenclature for sulfosalts intermediate in the system bismuthinite-aikinite (Bi2S3-CuPbBiS3). American Mineralogist, 61 (1-2). 15-20
Localities for Gladite
Showing 84 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Brodtkorb (2002) |
| Brodtkorb (2002) +1 other reference |
| Testa et al. (2018) |
Australia | |
| |
Austria | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Pichler (2009) | |
| Pichler (2009) |
| Paar et al. (1982) +1 other reference |
| Kolitsch (2014) |
| Bernhard et al. (2008) |
| Mandarino (2002) |
| Walter et al. (2020) |
Brazil | |
| |
Canada | |
| Mineralogical Society of America - ... +3 other references |
| Jambor (1982) |
| Taner et al. (1998) |
China | |
| Yingchen Ren (1999) |
| Xiang-Ping et al. (2001) |
| Huan Wang et al. (2011) |
Czech Republic | |
| Jan Hloušek |
| Krátký et al. (2026) |
| Sejkora (1998) |
Germany | |
| Schwarzmeier et al. (2015) +2 other references |
| Nickel et al. (1985) +1 other reference |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Witzke et al. (1995) |
| Witzke et al. (2007) |
| www.mineralatlas.eu (n.d.) |
Greece | |
| Voudouris et al. (2010, April) +1 other reference |
Hungary | |
| collector: László Tóth +1 other reference |
Italy | |
| Marchesini et al. (2025) +1 other reference |
| Bedogné et al. (1994) | |
| Ghizzoni et al. (2005) |
| Ghizzoni et al. (2005) | |
| Ghizzoni et al. (2005) | |
| - (n.d.) +1 other reference |
Kazakhstan | |
| Spiridonov (1982) +1 other reference |
| Efimov A.V. Bismuthian mineralisation ... +1 other reference |
Myanmar | |
| Yueqing Yang and Wenying Wang (2002) |
Norway | |
| Rune S. Selbekk (2010) |
Peru | |
| Haas (n.d.) |
Poland | |
| Gołębiowska et al. (2006) |
| Pieczka et al. (2012) +3 other references |
Romania | |
| Shimizu et al. (1998) |
| Shimizu et al. (1998) | |
| Ilinca (2006) |
| Ciobanu et al. (2000) +2 other references | |
| Cook (1998) |
| Plotinskaya et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
Russia | |
| Potseluev et al. (2006) +1 other reference |
| Rogov et al. (2023) |
| Rogov et al. (2023) | |
| Kazachenko et al. (2021) |
| Kovalev et al. (2019) |
| Timofeeva et al. (1975) |
Slovakia | |
| Pršek J. |
| Ďuďa R. et al. (1993) | |
| Pršek J. (Kandid. Diz.práca) |
| Pršek J. (Kandid. dizert. práca) +1 other reference |
| Jeleň et al. (2012) |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Martin Števko-unpublished |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Števko et al. (2021) | |
| Bakoš +2 other references |
| Koděra et al. (1986) |
| Ozdín D. (2003) |
South Africa | |
| Topa et al. (2006) |
Sweden (TL) | |
| Johansson (1924) +1 other reference |
Switzerland | |
| - (1993) |
| Cuchet et al. (2016) |
| Ansermet (2012) |
| Cuchet et al. (2016) |
| Cuchet et al. (2016) | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
UK | |
| Max Wirth |
| Lowry et al. (1994) |
Ukraine | |
| Biruk et al. (2012) |
USA | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) | |
| Daniel Hummer Collection |
| Ream (2004) |
| Barrick Gold Corporation |
Uzbekistan | |
| Kovalenker et al. (1997) |
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Paurovská, Vyšná Boca, Liptovský Mikuláš District, Žilina Region, Slovakia