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Clinoferrosilite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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Photos of Clinoferrosilite (14)Discuss Clinoferrosilite

Clinoferrosilite Gallery Search Photos of Clinoferrosilite

Edit Clinoferrosilite Add Synonym Edit CIF structures Clear Cache

Clinoferrosilite, etc.

Sant'Antioco, South Sardinia Province, Sardinia, Italy

Clinoferrosilite

Sant'Antioco, South Sardinia Province, Sardinia, Italy

Clinoferrosilite

Sant'Antioco, South Sardinia Province, Sardinia, Italy

Clinoferrosilite, etc.

Sant'Antioco, South Sardinia Province, Sardinia, Italy

Clinoferrosilite

Sant'Antioco, South Sardinia Province, Sardinia, Italy

Clinoferrosilite

Sant'Antioco, South Sardinia Province, Sardinia, Italy

Clinoferrosilite, etc.

Sant'Antioco, South Sardinia Province, Sardinia, Italy

Clinoferrosilite

Sant'Antioco, South Sardinia Province, Sardinia, Italy

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About ClinoferrosiliteHide

Formula:

Fe²⁺₂Si₂O₆

Simplified: FeSiO₃.

Colour:

Brown, colourless, green

Hardness:

5 - 6

Specific Gravity:

4.068 (Calculated)

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Member of:

Clinopyroxene Subgroup > Pyroxene Group

Name:

Named for being the monoclinic polymorph of ferrosilite.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Obsidian Cliff, Park County, Wyoming, USA

Polymorph of:

Ferrosilite, Hemleyite, Hiroseite, Pyroxferroite

Isostructural with:

Clinoenstatite

Pyroxene Group - Clinopyroxene Subgroup

Note: in some previous texts the name ferrosilite was used for what is now called clinoferrosilite, whereas the equivalent orthorhombic dimorph was called orthoferrosilite, so be careful when reading older texts.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

1073

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:1073:9

Classification of ClinoferrosiliteHide

Clinoferrosilite and its relation to other pyroxenes

Previous petrological nomenclature of clinopyroxenes from basaltic magmas, note described here as 'ferrosilite' (after Poldervaart & Hess, 1951)

IMA Classification of ClinoferrosiliteHide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

IMA Formula:

Fe²⁺SiO₃

Strunz-mindat (2026):

9.DA.10

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
D : Inosilicates
A : Inosilicates with 2-periodic single chains, Si₂O₆; pyroxene family

Dana 8th ed.:

65.1.1.2

65 : INOSILICATES Single-Width,Unbranched Chains,(W=1)
1 : Single-Width Unbranched Chains, W=1 with chains P=2

Hey's CIM Ref.:

14.21.4

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
21 : Silicates of Fe and Mg

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Cfs	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
Cfs	Kretz (1983)	Kretz, R. (1983) Symbols of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277–279.
Cfs	Siivolam & Schmid (2007)	Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download
Cfs	Whitney & Evans (2010)	Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371

Pronunciation of ClinoferrosiliteHide

Pronunciation:

Play	Recorded by	Country
	Jolyon Ralph	United Kingdom

Physical Properties of ClinoferrosiliteHide

Transparency:

Transparent, Translucent

Colour:

Brown, colourless, green

Streak:

White

Hardness:

5 - 6 on Mohs scale

Cleavage:

Distinct/Good

Density:

4.068 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of ClinoferrosiliteHide

Type:

Biaxial (+)

RI values:

n_α = 1.764 n_β = 1.767 n_γ = 1.792

2V:

Measured: 25° , Calculated: 40°

Max. Birefringence:

δ = 0.028
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.

Thickness: 30 µm Order divisions

Rotation:

Surface Relief:

Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).

This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral colouration.

Focus:

In focus

Interference Figure:

This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure - the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are isogyres.

Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.

Thickness: 30 µm

Stage rotation: 0°

Dispersion:

very strong

Optical Extinction:

Z ∧ c = 31°.

Chemistry of ClinoferrosiliteHide

Mindat Formula:

Fe²⁺₂Si₂O₆

Simplified: FeSiO₃.

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
Fe	42.330 %
O	36.382 %
Si	21.288 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Fe, O, Si - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of ClinoferrosiliteHide

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Class (H-M):

2/m - Prismatic

Space Group:

P2₁/c

Setting:

P2₁/c

Cell Parameters:

a = 9.7085 Å, b = 9.0872 Å, c = 5.2284 Å
β = 108.432°

Ratio:

a:b:c = 1.068 : 1 : 0.575

Unit Cell V:

437.60 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Comment:

Synthetic sample (pure Fe2Si2O6). Mg-bearing sample has 9.53, 9.21, 5.15 Å, 107.63°.

Crystal StructureHide

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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4

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CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c

Rotation
Stop | Start

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Year	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0001681	Clinoferrosilite	Hugh-Jones D A, Woodland A B, Angel R J (1994) The structure of high-pressure C2/c ferrosilite and crystal chemistry of high-pressure C2/c pyroxenes American Mineralogist 79 1032-1041	1994	0	293
0001679	Clinoferrosilite	Hugh-Jones D A, Woodland A B, Angel R J (1994) The structure of high-pressure C2/c ferrosilite and crystal chemistry of high-pressure C2/c pyroxenes American Mineralogist 79 1032-1041	1994	0	293
0000460	Clinoferrosilite	Ohashi Y, Burnham C W, Finger L W (1975) The effect of Ca-Fe substitution on the clinopyroxene crystal structure Fs85Wo15 American Mineralogist 60 423-434	1975	0	293
0000459	Clinoferrosilite	Ohashi Y, Burnham C W, Finger L W (1975) The effect of Ca-Fe substitution on the clinopyroxene crystal structure Fs80Wo20 American Mineralogist 60 423-434	1975	0	293
0000936	Clinoferrosilite	Sueno S, Kimata M, Prewitt C T (1984) The crystal structure of high clinoferrosilicate American Mineralogist 69 264-269	1984	0	1323
0001680	Clinoferrosilite	Hugh-Jones D A, Woodland A B, Angel R J (1994) The structure of high-pressure C2/c ferrosilite and crystal chemistry of high-pressure C2/c pyroxenes American Mineralogist 79 1032-1041	1994	1.87	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Clinoferrosilite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Hugh-Jones D A'
'Woodland A B'
'Angel R J'
_journal_name_full 'American Mineralogist'
_journal_volume 79 
_journal_year 1994
_journal_page_first 1032
_journal_page_last 1041
_publ_section_title
;
 The structure of high-pressure C2/c ferrosilite and crystal chemistry of
 high-pressure C2/c pyroxenes
 Sample: fictive hedenbergite-like C2/c FeSiO3 phase
;
_database_code_amcsd 0001681
_chemical_formula_sum 'Fe Si O3'
_cell_length_a 9.73
_cell_length_b 9.11
_cell_length_c 5.23
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 107.8
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 441.396
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      3.971
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'C 1 2/c 1'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '1/2+x,1/2+y,z'
  'x,-y,1/2+z'
  '1/2+x,1/2-y,1/2+z'
  '-x,y,1/2-z'
  '1/2-x,1/2+y,1/2-z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
  '1/2-x,1/2-y,-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
Fe1   0.00000   0.90100   0.25000
Fe2   0.00000   0.26300   0.25000
Si   0.29600   0.08500   0.25200
O1   0.12400   0.09000   0.15900
O2   0.37500   0.24000   0.36200
O3   0.35900   0.03100   0.04500

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
3.035 Å	(100)
2.603 Å	(63)
2.909 Å	(55)
2.408 Å	(53)
2.161 Å	(51)
4.605 Å	(49)
3.234 Å	(40)

Comments:

Synthetic.

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 4a: Earth’s earliest continental crust	>4.4-3.0
20 : Acidic volcanic rocks

Type Occurrence of ClinoferrosiliteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Obsidian Cliff, Park County, Wyoming, USA

General Appearance of Type Material:

Needles about 0.05 x 0.005 mm in size.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, number 102793.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Lithophysae of obsidian.

Other Language Names for ClinoferrosiliteHide

Dutch:Clinoferrosiliet

German:Klinoferrosilit
Clinoferrosilit

Japanese:単斜鉄珪輝石

Russian:Клиноферросилит

Simplified Chinese:斜铁辉石

Spanish:Clinoferrosilita

Relationship of Clinoferrosilite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Clinopyroxene Subgroup > Pyroxene Group

Other Members of Clinopyroxene Subgroup:

Aegirine	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe²⁺_cMg_d)(Fe³⁺_eAl_fFe²⁺_gMg_h)Si₂O₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
Burnettite	CaVAlSiO₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
Clinoenstatite	MgSiO₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/c
Colomeraite	NaTi³⁺Si₂O₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
Davisite	CaScAlSiO₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
Esseneite	CaFe³⁺[AlSiO₆]	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
Grossmanite	CaTi³⁺ AlSiO₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
Hedenbergite	CaFe²⁺Si₂O₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
Jadeite	Na(Al,Fe³⁺)Si₂O₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
Jervisite	NaSc³⁺Si₂O₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
Johannsenite	CaMn²⁺Si₂O₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
Kanoite	Mn²⁺MgSi₂O₆	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/c
Kosmochlor	NaCrSi₂O₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
Kushiroite	CaAlAlSiO₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
Namansilite	NaMn³⁺Si₂O₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
Natalyite	NaV³⁺Si₂O₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
Omphacite	(Na_aCa_bFe²⁺_cMg_d)(Al_eFe³⁺_fFe²⁺_gMg_h)Si₂O₆	Mon. 2/m
Petedunnite	CaZnSi₂O₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
Pigeonite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/c
Ryabchikovite	CuMgSi₂O₆	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/c
Spodumene	LiAlSi₂O₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
Tissintite	(Ca,◻)AlSi₂O₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
'UM2003-36-SiO:CaNa'	NaCrSi₂O₆ - CaMgSi₂O₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/b

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

8 photos of Clinoferrosilite associated with 'Amethyst'	SiO₂
5 photos of Clinoferrosilite associated with Sanidine	K(AlSi₃O₈)
2 photos of Clinoferrosilite associated with Quartz	SiO₂
1 photo of Clinoferrosilite associated with Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
1 photo of Clinoferrosilite associated with Hemleyite	Fe²⁺SiO₃
1 photo of Clinoferrosilite associated with Clinoenstatite	MgSiO₃
1 photo of Clinoferrosilite associated with 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'
1 photo of Clinoferrosilite associated with 'Maskelynite'
1 photo of Clinoferrosilite associated with Taenite	(Ni,Fe)

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

9.DA.	Colomeraite	NaTi³⁺Si₂O₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.DA.	Protoenstatite	Mg₂Si₂O₆	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbcn
9.DA.	Ryabchikovite	CuMgSi₂O₆	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/c
9.DA.05	Donpeacorite	Mn²⁺MgSi₂O₆	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
9.DA.05	Enstatite	Mg₂Si₂O₆	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
9.DA.05	Ferrosilite	Fe²⁺₂Si₂O₆	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
9.DA.10	Clinoenstatite	MgSiO₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/c
9.DA.10	Kanoite	Mn²⁺MgSi₂O₆	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/c
9.DA.10	Pigeonite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/c
9.DA.15	Grossmanite	CaTi³⁺ AlSiO₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.DA.15	Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.DA.15 va	'Jeffersonite'	Ca(Mn,Zn,Fe)Si₂O₆
9.DA.15	Hedenbergite	CaFe²⁺Si₂O₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.DA.15	Johannsenite	CaMn²⁺Si₂O₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.DA.15	Petedunnite	CaZnSi₂O₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.DA.15	Esseneite	CaFe³⁺[AlSiO₆]	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.DA.15	Kushiroite	CaAlAlSiO₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.DA.15	Augite	(Ca_xMg_yFe_z)(Mg_y1Fe_z1)Si₂O₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.DA.15	Davisite	CaScAlSiO₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.DA.20	Aegirine-augite	(Na_aCa_bFe²⁺_cMg_d)(Fe³⁺_eAl_fFe²⁺_gMg_h)Si₂O₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.DA.20	Omphacite	(Na_aCa_bFe²⁺_cMg_d)(Al_eFe³⁺_fFe²⁺_gMg_h)Si₂O₆	Mon. 2/m
9.DA.25	Jadeite	Na(Al,Fe³⁺)Si₂O₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.DA.25	Namansilite	NaMn³⁺Si₂O₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.DA.25	Natalyite	NaV³⁺Si₂O₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.DA.25	Aegirine	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.DA.25	Jervisite	NaSc³⁺Si₂O₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.DA.25	Tissintite	(Ca,◻)AlSi₂O₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.DA.25	Kosmochlor	NaCrSi₂O₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.DA.30	Spodumene	LiAlSi₂O₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.DA.35	Hiroseite	FeSiO₃	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for ClinoferrosiliteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-1073.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

Look for Clinoferrosilite on Webmineral

Look for Clinoferrosilite on Wikipedia

Look for Clinoferrosilite on Mineralien Atlas

Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

Mineral Dealers:

Buy from D. Joyce minerals

References for ClinoferrosiliteHide

Reference List:

Bowen N L (1935) “Ferrosilite” as a natural mineral. American Journal of Science 30, 481-494

Foshag, W.F. (1936) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 21: 678.

Poldervaart, A., Hess, H. H. (1951) Pyroxenes in the Crystallization of Basaltic Magma. The Journal of Geology, 59 (5) 472-489 doi:10.1086/625891

Clark, J.R., Appleman, D.E., Papike, J.J. (1969) Crystal-chemical characterization of clinopyroxenes based on eight new structure refinements. MSA Special Paper: 2: 31-50.

Sueno, Shigeho, Kimata, Mitsuyoshi, Prewitt, Charles T. (1984) The crystal structure of high clinoferrosilite. American Mineralogist, 69 (3-4) 264-269

Hugh-Jones, Demelza, Sharp, Thomas, Angel, Ross, Woodland, Alan (1997) The transition of orthoferrosilite to high-pressure C2/c clinoferrosilite at ambient temperature. European Journal of Mineralogy, 8 (6) 1337-1346 doi:10.1127/ejm/8/6/1337

(2001) Clinoferrosilite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for ClinoferrosiliteHide

Showing 29 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Australia
New South Wales Yancowinna Co. Broken Hill district ⓘ Broken Hill	Birch (1999)

Brazil
Minas Gerais ⓘ Perdões	Jour. of South American Earth Sci. ...

China
Henan Pingdingshan Lushan County ⓘ Yaochang Fe deposit	Dongyang Zhang et al. (2010)

Eurasian Plate
North China Craton ⓘ Southern Jilin Complex	Lu et al. (2026)

Finland
North Savo Rautalampi ⓘ Kiviniemi	Kallio et al. (2021) +1 other reference

Germany
North Rhine-Westphalia Arnsberg Märkischer Kreis Iserlohn Letmathe Helmke quarry nature reserve ⓘ Genna zinc smelter slag locality	Blaß et al. (1995)
Rhineland-Palatinate Mayen-Koblenz Vordereifel ⓘ Bellerberg volcano	Blaß et al. (2003)
Ettringen ⓘ Caspar quarry	Blaß et al. (2009)

India
Jharkhand Dumka District ⓘ Dumka Gem mine	Bhattacharjee et al. (2012)

Italy
Sardinia South Sardinia Province ⓘ Sant'Antioco	Marzio Mamberti find & collection

Japan
Okayama Prefecture Takahashi City Bitchū Shitouyouze ⓘ Sampo mine	Matsueda (1980)

Kenya
Kajiado County ⓘ Mount Suswa (Suswa Volcano)	Rocky Mountain (53rd)
Nakuru County ⓘ Lake Naivasha	Bowen N L (1935)

Mongolia
Dornogovi Province Erdene District ⓘ Khamaryn– Khural–Khiid combustion metamorphic complex	Savina et al. (2020)
Töv Province Choir-Nyalga basin Nyalga Combustion Metamorphic complex ⓘ Camel	Peretyazhko et al. (2018)
ⓘ Tugrug quarry	Peretyazhko et al. (2017)

Russia
Chelyabinsk Oblast Kaslinsky District Kasli ⓘ Mauk deposit	Safina et al. (2015)
Korkinsky District ⓘ Korkino	Sharygin et al. (2010)
Murmansk Oblast Kolsky District ⓘ Tepsi ultrabasic body
ⓘ Sakha	[World of Stones 12:49]

South Africa
Free State Fezile Dabi District Municipality Ngwathe Local Municipality ⓘ Beta Farm	Cairncross et al. (1995)
North West Bojanala Platinum District Municipality ⓘ Merensky Reef	Excalibur Minerals photo ID 140072
Dr Kenneth Kaunda District Municipality JB Marks Local Municipality Potchefstroom ⓘ Mooi River alluvials	Fosso-Kankeu et al. (2015, November)

Tajikistan
Sughd Ayni District Fan-Jagnob coal deposit ⓘ Kukhi-Malik tract	Sharygin et al. (2009)

USA
California Inyo County Coso Hot Springs ⓘ Coso Hot Springs deposit	...
Sugarloaf Mountain ⓘ Unnamed lava flow [1]	Bowen (1935) +2 other references
ⓘ Unspecified Clinoferrosilite occurrence [1]	Bowen (1935) +2 other references
Wyoming Campbell County Reno Junction ⓘ Durham Ranch paralava occurrence	Gunnar Färber - Mineralienliste 3-2017.
Park County ⓘ Obsidian Cliff (TL)	Amer.J.Sci. (1935)

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Clinoferrosilite

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