Imikhomo
Imikhomo iyiqembu elisakazeke kabanzi futhi elihlukahlukene lezilwane ezincelisayo futhi zasolwandle ezihlala emanzini ngokugcwele. Njengeqembu elingahlelekile nelivamile, futhi zihambisana namalungu amakhulu e-infraorder Cetacea okungukuthi zonke izinhlobo ze-cetacean ngaphandle kwamahlengethwa nama porpoise . Amahlengethwa nama-porpoise angabhekwa njengemikhomo ngokombono osemthethweni we-cladistic . Imikhomo kanye amahlengethwa kanye nama porpoise kungokwalolu hlobo lwe Cetartiodactyla oluqukethe ama (ungulates) anonyawo olulinganayo. Izihlobo zabo eziseduze kakhulu ezingezona izilwane eziphila ecetacean yizimvubu lapho khona nezinye izilwane eziphila ecetacean zahlukana khona eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezingama shumi ayisihlanu nane edlule. Kucatshangwa ukuthi imikhomo emibili ehlala kuyo imikhomo ye-baleen (Mysticeti) kanye nemikhomo enamazinyo (Odontoceti) yayinokhokho wayo wokugcina eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama shumi amathathu nantathu edlule. Izinhlobo ezingaziwa zihlanganisa imindeni emine ekhona (ephilayo): iBalaenopteridae, (ama-rorquals), iBalaenidae (imikhomo yangakwesokudla), iCetotheriidae (umkhomo wangakwesokudla oyi-pygmy), kanye ne -Eschrichtiidae (umkhomo ompunga). Ama-Odontocetes afaka phakathi iMonodontidae (ama-beluga nama-narwhal), iPhyseteridae ( umkhomo wesidoda ), iKogiidae (umkhomo wesidoda wesidoda omfushane nowe-pygmy), kanye neZiphiidae (imikhomo enomlomo), kanye nemindeni eyisithupha yamahlengethwa nama-porpoise angabhekwa njengemikhomo ngomqondo ongakahleleki.
Imikhomo iyizilwane zasemanzini ngokugcwele ezihlala olwandle oluvulekile ingakwazi ukondla, ukukhwelana, ukuzala, ukuncelisa nokukhulisa amaphuphu ayo olwandle. Imikhomo futhi isukela ku 2.6 metres (8.5 ft) ngobukhulu kanye ku 135 kilograms (298 lb) i-sperm whale encane kakhulu yona kuya ku 29.9 metres (98 ft) kanye 190 tonnes (210 short tons) umkhomo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okuyisilwane esikhulu kunazo zonke esake saphila. I sperm whale iyisilwane esidla amazinyo esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Izinhlobo eziningana zemikhomo zona zibonisa ukungafani kobulili ngoba ezesifazane zinkulu kunezesilisa.
Ama-baleen whale awanawo amazinyo esikhundleni salokho anezingcwecwe ze-baleen izakhiwo ezifana nemigqa eziwenza akwazi ukukhipha imilomo emikhulu yamanzi azithatha kuyilapho egcina i-krill ne (iplankton) azidla. Ngenxa yokuthi amakhanda abo makhulu kakhulu akha cishe u-40% wesisindo somzimba wabo futhi banemithambo entanyeni yabo eyenza ikwazi ukwandisa imilomo yabo. bayakwazi ukuthatha amanzi amaningi emlonyeni wabo ngesikhathi esisodwa. Imikhomo ye (baleen) nayo inomuzwa wokunuka othuthukisiwe.
Imikhomo enamazinyo, ngokuphambene, inamazinyo anezinhlayiya ezivumelanise nokubamba izinhlanzi noma ama-i-squid. Ziyena futhi ezwakalayo - kungaba ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi kwamanzi - ukuthi ezinye zingasinda ngisho noma zingabe zimpumputhe. Ezinye izinhlobo, njenge-sperm whale, zivumelane kahle kakhulu nokubhukuda ekujuleni okukhulu ukuze zibambe ama-squid nezinye izisulu ezithandwayo.
Imikhomo ivela ezilwaneni ezincelisayo ezihlala emhlabathini, futhi kufanele ihlale ingaphandle ukuze iphefumule umoya, yize ingahlala ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi eside. Ezinye izinhlobo, njenge-sperm whale, zingahlala ngaphansi kwamanzi imizuzu engu-90.[1]Zinezimbobo zokuphefumula (izimbobo ezishintshiwe) ezisezingeni eliphezulu lamakhanda azo, lapho umoya ungena khona futhi uphume khona. ZiyIgazi elifudumele, futhi zinengqimba yamafutha, noma amafutha, ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Ngemizimba elula ye-i-fusiform kanye nemilenze emibili eguqulwe ibe ama-flipper, imikhomo ingahamba ngejubane elifinyelela kuma-knot angu-20, yize ingashintshi noma isheshe njenge-seal. Imikhomo ikhiqiza imisindo ehlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi izingoma ezinde zemikhomo ye-humpback. Nakuba imikhomo isakazeke kabanzi, izinhlobo eziningi zithanda amanzi abandayo eNyakatho naseNingizimu yeHemispheres futhi zifudukela enkabazwe ukuze zibeletha. Izinhlobo ezinjenge-humpbacks ne-blue whale zikwazi ukuhamba izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha ngaphandle kokudla. Amaduna avame ukuhlangana nezinsikazi eziningi njalo ngonyaka, kodwa izinsikazi zihlangana kuphela njalo ngemva kweminyaka emibili kuya kwemithathu. Amantongomane avame ukuzalwa entwasahlobo nasehlobo; izinsikazi zithwala wonke umthwalo wokuwakhulisa. Omama kwezinye izinhlobo bazila ukudla bese bencela abantwana babo unyaka owodwa kuya kwezimbili.
