enclosure

英語

其他寫法

• inclosure (直至19世紀初仍十分普遍或更為常見；如今已不常見)

詞源

繼承自中古英語 enclosure，來自古法語 enclosure，來自enclore，來自拉丁語 inclūdere, inclūdō，來自in- (“裡”) + claudō (“關閉”)，源自原始印歐語 *kleh₂u- (“鑰匙，鉤子，釘子”)。與inclusion同族。

發音

• (美國) 國際音標^(幫助): /ɛnˈkloʊʒəɹ/, /ɪnˈkloʊʒəɹ/
• (英國) 國際音標^(幫助): /ɪnˈkləʊʒə/

• 音頻 (南英格蘭)：

  (檔案)

• (新西蘭) 國際音標^(幫助): /ɘnˈklɐʉʒɘ/
• 斷字：en‧clo‧sure

名詞

enclosure (可數和不可數，複數 enclosures)

1. (可數) 附件

   There was an enclosure with the letter — a photo.

   信里还附带了一张照片。

2. (不可數) 封裝，包裝

   The enclosure of a photo with your letter is appreciated.

   如果您能在信中附上一张照片，我们将不胜感激。

3. (可數) 圍場

   He faced punishment for creating the fenced enclosure in a public park.

   他因在公园内建造围栏而受到处罚。

   The glass enclosure holds the mercury vapor.

   玻璃容器内盛放着汞蒸气。

   The winning horse was first into the unsaddling enclosure.

   获胜的马第一个进入卸鞍区。

   • Template:RQ:Conrad Heart of Darkness
   • 1989，Octavia E. Butler，「Part III, Chapter 7」，收錄於Imago，210頁：

     Away from the village, there was an enclosure containing several large animals of a kind I had not seen before—shaggy, long-necked, small-headed creatures who stood or lay at ease around their pen. Alpacas?

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

4. (不可數) 包圍起來的區域、場地

   The enclosure of public land is against the law.

   圈占公共土地是违法的。

   The experiment requires the enclosure of mercury vapor in a glass tube.

   该实验需要将汞蒸气封闭在玻璃管中。

   At first, untrained horses resist enclosure.

   起初，未经训练的马匹会抗拒圈养。

5. (不可數，引申) 利用專利或智慧財產權法規限制人們接觸思想、藝術作品或技術的行為
   • 2014, Astra Taylor, chapter 5, in The People's Platform: Taking Back Power and Culture in the Digital Age, Henry Holt and Company, →ISBN:

     Copyright, from day one, was designed to be both an impediment and an incentive, a mechanism of enclosure (one that prevented the unlicensed printing of texts, thereby limiting access) and a catalyst of sorts, a structure to stimulate the production of literary goods by rewarding writers and publishers for their labor.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

   • 2019, Robert Stam, World Literature, Transnational Cinema, and Global Media‎^[1], Routledge, →ISBN:

     The commons evokes resistance to “enclosure” in all its forms, whether in its early proto-capitalist form of fencing in commonly shared land, or in its contemporary forms of marshalling judicial restraints such as “patent” and “intellectual property” to police the ownership of ideas.

     （請為本引文添加中文翻譯）

6. (不可數，英國歷史) 圈地運動

   Strip-farming disappeared after enclosure.

   圈地耕作方式在圈地运动后消失了。

7. (宗教) 修道院、寺院內，僅限相關人士進入的區域

使用說明

• 有關此詞的拼寫詳情，請參閱「enclose」。

衍生詞

• antienclosure
• banjo enclosure
• loudspeaker enclosure
• nonenclosure
• speaker enclosure

異序詞

• corneules, encolures

古法語

其他寫法

• encloseure

詞源

enclore (詞根 enclos-) +‎ -ure。

名詞

enclosure 陰 (間接格複數 enclosures，主格單數 enclosure，主格複數 enclosures)

1. 附件
2. 圍場

來源

• Frédéric Godefroy (1880–1902), “encloseure”, in Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX^e au XV^e siècle […], Paris: F[riedrich] Vieweg; Émile Bouillon, →OCLC.
• enclosure on the Anglo-Norman On-Line Hub