HIV
Divaerase tsa tlhaelo ya masole a mmele (HIVs) ke mefuta e mebedi ya Lentivirus ( setlhophannye sa retrovirus ) e e tshwaetsang batho. Fa nako ntse e tsamaya, di baka bolwetse jwa go tlhaela masole a mmele (AIDS), [1] [2] boemo jo mo go bone go palelwa ga masole a mmele go go yang kwa pele go dumelang gore ditshwaetsego tse di ka lokelang bophelo mo kotsing le dikankere di tswelele pele. [3] Ntle le kalafii, bogare ba palo ya nako ya go phela morago ga go tshwaediwa ke HIV e fopholediwa go nna dijara di le 9 go ya go di le 11, go ikaegile ka mofuta ole monnye wa HIV . [4]
Mo mabakeng mantsi, HIV e tshelanwang ka thobalano mme e tshelanwa ka go ama kana go fetisiwa ga madi, pele ga go rota, peo ya senna, le diedi tsa sesadi . [5] [6] Phetiso e e sa kopaneleng dikobo e ka etsagala go tswa go mme yo o tshwaetsegileng go ya kwa leseeng la gagwe ka nako ya boimana, ka nako ya pelegi ka go tlhakana le madi a gagwe kgotsa seedi sa sesadi, le ka maswi a letswele . [7] [8] [9] Mo dieding tse tsa mmele, HIV e teng jaaka dikarolonnye tsa mogare tse di gololesegileng le mogare mo diseleng tsa masole a mmele tse di sa amegang. Dipatlisiso di tlhagisitse ( mo barataning ba bong jo bo tshwanang le ba bong jo bo sa tshwaneng ) gore HIV ga e tshelanwe ka nako ya thobalano kwa ntle ga kgotlhopo fa mokapelo wa gago yo o nang le HIV a na le megare e e sa itsegeng . [5] [6]
Ditshupiso
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]- ↑ Weiss RA (May 1993). "How does HIV cause AIDS?". Science. 260 (5112): 1273–9. Bibcode:1993Sci...260.1273W. doi:10.1126/science.8493571. PMID 8493571.
- ↑ Douek DC, Roederer M, Koup RA (2009). "Emerging Concepts in the Immunopathogenesis of AIDS". Annual Review of Medicine. 60: 471–84. doi:10.1146/annurev.med.60.041807.123549. PMC 2716400. PMID 18947296.
- ↑ Powell MK, Benková K, Selinger P, Dogoši M, Kinkorová Luňáčková I, Koutníková H, Laštíková J, Roubíčková A, Špůrková Z, Laclová L, Eis V, Šach J, Heneberg P (2016). "Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected Patients Differ Strongly in Frequencies and Spectra between Patients with Low CD4+ Cell Counts Examined Postmortem and Compensated Patients Examined Antemortem Irrespective of the HAART Era". PLOS ONE. 11 (9). Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1162704P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0162704. PMC 5017746. PMID 27611681.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|article-number=ignored (help) - ↑ UNAIDS; WHO (December 2007). "2007 AIDS epidemic update" (PDF). p. 16.
- 1 2 Rodger AJ, Cambiano V, Bruun T, Vernazza P, Collins S, Degen O, et al. (June 2019). "Risk of HIV transmission through condomless sex in serodifferent gay couples with the HIV-positive partner taking suppressive antiretroviral therapy (PARTNER): final results of a multicentre, prospective, observational study". Lancet. 393 (10189): 2428–2438. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30418-0. PMC 6584382. PMID 31056293.
- 1 2 Eisinger RW, Dieffenbach CW, Fauci AS (February 2019). "HIV Viral Load and Transmissibility of HIV Infection: Undetectable Equals Untransmittable". JAMA. 321 (5): 451–452. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.21167. PMID 30629090. S2CID 58599661.
- ↑ Mabuka J, Nduati R, Odem-Davis K, Peterson D, Overbaugh J (2012). "HIV-Specific Antibodies Capable of ADCC Are Common in Breastmilk and Are Associated with Reduced Risk of Transmission in Women with High Viral Loads". PLOS Pathogens. 8 (6). doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002739. PMC 3375288. PMID 22719248.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|article-number=ignored (help) - ↑ Hahn RA, Inhorn MC, eds. (2009). Anthropology and public health : bridging differences in culture and society (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 449. ISBN 978-0-19-537464-3. OCLC 192042314.
- ↑ Mead MN (2008). "Contaminants in human milk: weighing the risks against the benefits of breastfeeding". Environmental Health Perspectives. 116 (10): A426–34. Bibcode:2008EnvHP.116.a426M. doi:10.1289/ehp.116-a426. PMC 2569122. PMID 18941560. Archived from the original on 6 November 2008.