Jizya
Jizya or jizyah was a tax imposed upon dhimmi, non-Muslim residents in Muslim countries, as in the Ottoman Empire, Mughal Empire and so on. Jews and Christians were required to pay the jizya and kharaj taxes,[1] while others, depending on the different rulings of the schools of Islamic jurisprudence, might be required to convert to Islam, pay the jizya, be exiled, or be subjected to the death penalty.[1][2][3][4][5]
The jizya was always very high so as to harass, humiliate and insult non-Muslims.[6]
References
[change | change source]- 1 2 Stillman, Norman A. (1998) [1979]. "Under the New Order". The Jews of Arab Lands: A History and Source Book. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society. pp. 22–28. ISBN 978-0-8276-0198-7.
- ↑ Michael Bonner (2008). Jihad in Islamic History. Princeton University Press. pp. 89–90. ISBN 978-1400827381.
To begin with, there was no forced conversion, no choice between "Islam and the Sword". Islamic law, following a clear Quranic principle (2:256), prohibited any such things [...] although there have been instances of forced conversion in Islamic history, these have been exceptional.
- ↑ Waines (2003). "An Introduction to Islam". Cambridge University Press. p. 53
- ↑ Winter, T. J., & Williams, J. A. (2002). Understanding Islam and the Muslims: The Muslim Family Islam and World Peace. Louisville, Kentucky: Fons Vitae. p. 82. ISBN 978-1-887752-47-3. Quote: The laws of Muslim warfare forbid any forced conversions, and regard them as invalid if they occur.
- ↑ Lapidus, Ira M. Islamic Societies to the Nineteenth Century: A Global History. p. 345.
- ↑ Chandra, Satish (2004). Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals-Delhi Sultanat (1206-1526) - Part One. Har-Anand Publications. p. 275. ISBN 978-81-241-1064-5. Retrieved 2026-04-17.
