Holocaust denial

Holocaust denial is the false idea that the Holocaust did not happen or did not have the same impact as it has.
Recent trend
[change | change source]According to scholars, Holocaust denial is still prevalent in European countries, including Austria,[1] Croatia,[2] Czechia,[1][3] Hungary,[4][5] Germany, Italy[1] and Poland.[6] In the book Decoding Antisemitism, Hagen Troschke considered these the usual actions of Holocaust deniers:[7]
- Making war criminals look better than they were
- Doubting the Holocaust death toll
- Blaming Jews for their own suffering
- Equating the Holocaust with other crimes against humanity
Some scholars call this phenomenon mnemonic politics,[3] where nationalist governments paint their ethnic majority, rather than the Jews, as the biggest WWII victims.[3][8]
What do Holocaust deniers say?
[change | change source]Here is a summary of what they often say.
| Type | Claims |
|---|---|
| Common |
|
| Other |
|
Tactics
[change | change source]Just Asking Questions
[change | change source]Other forms
[change | change source]Some deny the Holocaust in ways that are harder to notice. They do not deny that it happened, but they doubt the details, or compare it to other past events to make it look minor.[12] Some of them also accuse Jews of "extorting compensation from European governments",[12] or exaggerating Jewish collaboration with Nazi Germans to blame them for their own suffering.[13]
Evidence for the Holocaust
[change | change source]Here is why Holocaust denial is not supported by academic consensus:
| Type | Details |
|---|---|
| Written documents | Like laws, newspaper articles, speeches made by Nazi leaders, and confessions from Nazi prisoners of war. The Nazis kept careful records, and many of them still exist. Even during World War II, many Germans knew about the Holocaust, and some tried to help save Holocaust victims. |
| Eyewitness testimony | From those who witnessed Nazi war crimes. That includes Holocaust survivors, like people who survived the Nazi concentration camps. There is specific testimony about the gas chambers from Jewish Sonderkommandos. It also includes the words of Nazi leaders, camp guards, and Allied soldiers. |
| Camps | Pieces of death camps still exist. |
| Other evidence | Including population statistics. |
Holocaust deniers
[change | change source]Here is a list of famous Holocaust deniers:
| Name | Birth | Death | Origin | Affiliations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ali Khamenei[14] | April 19, 1939 | Mashhad, Iran | Supreme Leader of Iran[14] | |
| David Irving[15] | March 24, 1938 | Hutton, Essex, England | A "historian" who is an alumnus of the ICL and UCL[15] | |
| Ernst Zündel[16] | April 24, 1939 | August 5, 2017 | A German graphic artist[16] | |
| Hutton Gibson[17][18] | August 26, 1918 | May 11, 2020 | Peekskill, New York, United States | Opus Dei member[17][18] |
| Jean-Marie Le Pen[19][20] | June 20, 1928 | January 7, 2025 | La Trinité-sur-Mer, Morbihan, France | Founder of the National Front[19][20] |
| Louis Farrakhan[21][22] | May 11, 1933 | The Bronx, New York | Leader of Black nationalist religious movement Nation of Islam (NOI)[21][22] | |
| Paul Rassinier[23] | March 18, 1906 | July 28, 1967 | Bermont, France | A French Resistance fighter who survived a Nazi concentration camp[23] |
| Pierre Guillaume[24] | December 22, 1940 | July 11, 2023 | France | An anarcho-Marxist[24] |
| Richard Williamson[25] | March 8, 1940 | January 29, 2025 | Buckinghamshire, England, United Kingdom | Society of Saint Pius X[25] |
| Robert Faurisson[26] | January 25, 1929 | October 21, 2018 | Shepperton, England | University of Lyon professor of literature[26] |
| Roger Garaudy[27] | July 17, 1913 | June 13, 2012 | Marseille, France | A former French Communist Party member[27] |
References
[change | change source]- 1 2 3 "Defeating distortion: new report highlights Holocaust distortion amid rising antisemitism". International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance. Retrieved May 25, 2025.
- ↑ Kuznar, Andriana Bencic; Pavlakovic, Vjeran (May 10, 2023). "Exhibiting Jasenovac: Controversies, manipulations and politics of memory". Heritage, Memory and Conflict Journal. 3 (1). Amsterdam University Press: 65–69. doi:10.3897/ijhmc.3.71583.
- 1 2 3 Kubátová, Hana; Láníček, Jan (October 14, 2024). "Memory Wars and Emotional Politics: "Feel Good" Holocaust Appropriation in Central Europe". Nationalities Papers. 53 (2). Retrieved May 25, 2025.
- ↑ Braham, Randolph L. (2014). "Hungary: The Assault on the Historical Memory of the Holocaust" (PDF). United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. Retrieved May 25, 2025.
- ↑ "Fighting Holocaust distortion on our Hungary visit". Holocaust Educational Trust. April 10, 2019. Retrieved May 25, 2025.
- ↑ Grabowski, Jan (2024). "Whitewash: Poland and the Jews". Jewish Quarterly. London, United Kingdom. Retrieved May 25, 2025.
In this ground-breaking essay, Jan Grabowski, a world-renowned Holocaust historian, examines how the government, museums, schools and state institutions became complicit in delivering a message of Polish national innocence during the Holocaust. He recounts his own experience as the victim of smears and a notorious lawsuit for questioning the complicity of Poles in the destruction of the country's Jews, and examines the far-reaching consequences of Poland's historical distortions, which have been repeated and replicated worldwide to challenge the truth of the Holocaust.
- ↑ Becker, Matthias J.; Troschke, Hagen; Bolton, Matthew; Chapelan, Alexis (October 16, 2024). "Holocaust Denial and Distortion". Decoding Antisemitism. pp. 237–260. doi:10.1007/978-3-031-49238-9_18. Retrieved May 25, 2025.
- ↑ Kónczal, Kornelia, and Moses, A. Dirk. 2022. “Patriotic Histories in Global Perspective.” Journal of Genocide Research 24 (2): 153–157. CrossRef Google Scholar
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Michael Shermer & Alex Grobman. Denying History: : who says the Holocaust never happened and why do they say it?, University of California Press, 2000, ISBN 0-520-23469-3, p. 106
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Mathis, Andrew E. Holocaust Denial, a definition Archived 2011-06-09 at the Wayback Machine, The Holocaust History Project, July 2, 2004, Retrieved 6 March 2013
- ↑ Mathis, Andrew E. Holocaust Denial, a Definition, The Holocaust History Project, July 2, 2004, Retrieved 6 March 2013
- 1 2
- Stern, Kenneth S. (1993). "Holocaust denial" (PDF). American Jewish Committee. Retrieved February 28, 2025.
- Polger, Mark Aaron (2004). "Rewriting the Holocaust Online: A Discourse Analysis of Holocaust Denial Web Sites". City University of New York. New York. Retrieved February 28, 2025.
- Heni, Clemens (November 2, 2008). "Secondary Anti-Semitism: From Hard-Core to Soft-Core Denial of the Shoah". Jewish Political Studies Review. Retrieved February 8, 2025.
- "Institute for Historical Review (IHR)". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved February 6, 2025.
- Gerstenfeld, Manfred (July 13, 2020). "The Attacks on the Uniqueness of the Holocaust". Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies (BESA). Retrieved March 1, 2025.
- Gerstenfeld, Manfred (April 9, 2008). "Holocaust Trivialization". Jerusalem Center for Security and Foreign Affairs (JCFA). Retrieved February 28, 2025.
- ↑
- "'Jews Helped the Germans Out of Revenge or Greed': New Research Documents How Wikipedia Distorts the Holocaust". Haaretz. February 14, 2023. Retrieved December 3, 2024.
- Klein, Shira (June 14, 2023). "The shocking truth about Wikipedia's Holocaust disinformation". The Forward. Retrieved October 24, 2024.
Why Wikipedia cannot be trusted: It repeatedly allows rogue editors to rewrite Holocaust history and make Jews out to be the bad guys.
- Tabarovsky, Izabella (July 25, 2024). "Wikipedia's Jewish Problem". Tablet. Retrieved October 24, 2024.
[...] Wikipedia's articles are [...] feeding billions of people [...] dangerously skewed narratives [...] "minimize[d] Polish antisemitism, exaggerate[d] the Poles' role in saving Jews," blamed Jews for the Holocaust [...].
- 1 2
- "Statement on Holocaust Denial Conference Sponsored by Iranian Regime". George W. Bush White House Archives. December 12, 2006. Retrieved December 23, 2024.
- Küntzel, Matthias (2012). "Judeophobia and the Denial of the Holocaust in Iran". Holocaust Denial. De Gruyter. pp. 235–256. doi:10.1515/9783110288216.235. ISBN 978-3-11-028821-6. Retrieved December 23, 2024.
- "Holocaust Denial and Distortion from Iranian Government and Official Media Sources, 1998–2016". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM). 2016. Retrieved December 23, 2024.
- "At the Paris Olympics, Iran is leading the antisemitism charge". New York Post. July 30, 2024. Retrieved December 23, 2024.
- Abramson, Scott (August 19, 2024). "The Iranian regime is not its people". Jewish News Syndicate. Retrieved December 23, 2024.
The Iranian people are the most pro-American and least antisemitic population in the region.
- Ghorbanpour, K. (December 4, 2024). "Opinion | Is Iran an Antisemitic 'Nazi Regime'?". Haaretz. Retrieved December 23, 2024.
- 1 2
- Evans, Richard J (2002). Telling lies about Hitler: The Holocaust, history and the David Irving trial. Verso. ISBN 978-1-85984-417-5. Retrieved December 30, 2024.
- Schonfeld, Gustav (2010). "Holocaust denial". Transactions of the American Clinical and Climatological Association. 121 (104): 104–9, discussion 109-11. PMC 2917150. PMID 20697553.
- "David Irving". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved December 30, 2024.
David Irving was once treated with great respect for his historical tomes on World War II and Nazi Germany. But in recent years, the writer has become known as the world's most prominent Holocaust denier.
- "David Irving". Anti-Defamation League. Retrieved December 30, 2024.
- "Deniers in different countries". Auschwitz-Birkenau. Retrieved December 30, 2024.
- 1 2 "Holocaust denier in Germany sentenced to five years in prison – Europe – International Herald Tribune", The New York Times, February 15, 2007. Retrieved November 14, 2009
- 1 2 "What is Opus Dei, and why is it so controversial — both in and out of the Catholic Church?". Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC). January 30, 2023. Retrieved December 29, 2024.
- 1 2 McDermott, Jim (January 13, 2023). "Mel Gibson and the dangers of Catholic antisemitism". American Magazine. Retrieved December 29, 2024.
- 1 2 "Le Pen Convicted for Racial Hatred", Associated Press, June 2, 1999. Retrieved November 14, 2009.
- 1 2 "Le Pen fined over Holocaust remarks". BBC. BBC. Retrieved April 6, 2016.
- 1 2
- Shipp, E. R. (June 29, 1984). "Tape Contradicts Disavowal of 'Gutter Religion' Attack". The New York Times. pp. A12. Retrieved July 18, 2020.
- Hitchens, Christopher (2007). God Is Not Great. London: Atlantic Books. p. 219. ISBN 9781843545743.
- Pollack, Eunice G. (2013). Racializing Antisemitism: Black Militants, Jews, and Israel 1950-present (PDF). Vidal Sassoon International Center for the Study of Antisemitism, Hebrew University of Israel. p. 4. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2023-03-07. Retrieved 2025-02-22.
- "Malcolm X founded Harvard University's antisemitism". Jewish News Syndicate. 22 February 2024.
Jews and Zionism have been cast as the ultimate oppressors of black Americans.
- "When Malcolm X Met the Nazis". VICE. 15 April 2015.
- Pierre, Dion J. (June 17, 2019). "How Anti-Semitism Became a Staple of 'Woke' Activism on Campus". National Association of Scholars. Retrieved October 27, 2024.
- "Nation of Islam". Anti-Defamation League. January 9, 2021. Retrieved October 27, 2024.
- 1 2
- "Louis Farrakhan". Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved October 27, 2024.
- "Black Radicalism". SAPIR Journal. 2024. Retrieved October 27, 2024.
Antisemitism runs deeper in the black radical tradition than many realize
- "Antisemitism in the Black Hebrew Israelite and Christian Identity Movements". Pogram on Extremism, George Washington University. 1 August 2024.
- "Black Hebrew Isralites Are Not Jewish: Tova the Poet Unpacks the Dangers of the Extremist Fringe Group Posing Harm to Jews". Campaign Against Antisemitism. 10 March 2023.
- "Extreme Black Hebrew Israelite Movement" (PDF). Simon Wiesenthal Center. December 2022.
- "Rabbi Dies Three Months After Hanukkah Night Attack". The New York Times. 30 March 2020.
- "Center on Extremism Uncovers More Disturbing Details of Jersey City Shooter's Extremist Ideology". Anti-Defamation League. 17 December 2019.
- 1 2 Reid, Donald (March 29, 2022). "Holocaust denial, Le Vicaire, and the absent presence of Nadine Fresco and Paul Rassinier in Jorge Semprún's La Montagne blanche". French Cultural Studies. 33 (3): 227–241. doi:10.1177/09571558221078450. Retrieved December 26, 2024.
Open access
- 1 2
- Finkielkraut, Alain; Kelly, Mary Byrd (1998). The Future of a Negation: Reflections on the Question of Genocide. University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 9780803220003. Retrieved December 26, 2024.
- Golsan, Richard J. (2000). Vichy's Afterlife: History and Counterhistory in Postwar France. Dallas, Texas, United States: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0803270941. Retrieved December 26, 2024.
- Atkins, Stephen E. (April 30, 2009). Holocaust Denial as an International Movement (1 ed.). Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 9780313345388. Retrieved December 26, 2024.
- 1 2
- "Pope to cancel excommunication of rebel bishops | The Pope is expected to cancel the excommunication of four breakaway bishops including a Briton who has said the Nazis did not use gas chambers". The Telegraph. London, United Kingdom. January 22, 2009. Archived from the original on 20 November 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
- "Catholic Bishop Williamson Unrepentant in Holocaust Denial". ABC News. February 1, 2020. Retrieved October 23, 2024.
- "Seminary sacks 'Holocaust bishop' | An ultra-traditionalist British bishop who denies the Holocaust has been removed from his post as the head of a Roman Catholic seminary in Argentina". BBC News. February 9, 2009. Archived from the original on 3 October 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2019.
- Willan, Philip (January 25, 2009). "Pope readmits Holocaust-denying priest to the church | Vatican lifts excommunication on renegade British bishop who declared: 'There were no gas chambers'". The Independent. London, United Kingdom. Archived from the original on 24 November 2018. Retrieved February 9, 2019.
- "Bishop Richard Williamson". Anti-Defamation League. Retrieved December 5, 2024.
- 1 2
- Shields, James G. (1991). "France: French revisionism on trial: The case of Robert Faurisson". Patterns of Prejudice. 25 (1): 86–88. doi:10.1080/0031322X.1991.9970068. Retrieved December 26, 2024.
Published online: 28 May 2010
- Ivry, Benjamin (May 30, 2012). "Denying Robert Faurisson". The Forward. Retrieved December 26, 2024.
- Berman, Paul (April 26, 2018). "The Grand Theorist of Holocaust Denial, Robert Faurisson". Tablet. Retrieved December 26, 2024.
- Cohen, Ben (October 26, 2018). "Robert Faurisson: The liar and his legacy". Jewish News Syndicate. Retrieved December 26, 2024.
- Shields, James G. (1991). "France: French revisionism on trial: The case of Robert Faurisson". Patterns of Prejudice. 25 (1): 86–88. doi:10.1080/0031322X.1991.9970068. Retrieved December 26, 2024.
- 1 2 "Writer fined for Holocaust writings", BBC News, February 27, 1998. Retrieved November 15, 2009.