Learning About Hemorrhoids - August 3, 2026, Monday, Reiwa8

In the third chapter of the Registered Salesperson Examination textbook, "Main Medicines and Their Effects," I studied medicines that act on organs related to elimination, focusing on hemorrhoid medicines.

Hemorrhoids are not an unusual condition. They are common among many people and can be caused by constipation, straining during bowel movements, pregnancy, childbirth, aging, and other factors.

The three main types of hemorrhoids are as follows.

### 1. Hemorrhoids (Internal or External Hemorrhoids) - "Piles"

Hemorrhoids occur when the blood vessels around the anus become enlarged and swollen, creating lump-like swellings.

Internal hemorrhoids develop above the dentate line, in the rectal mucosa area. Because this area has fewer sensory nerves, pain is often mild, but bleeding may occur.

### 2. Anal Fissure - "Torn Hemorrhoids"

An anal fissure is a condition in which the skin around the anus is damaged or torn, often caused by hard stools or excessive straining.

### 3. Anal Fistula - "Fistula Hemorrhoids"

An anal fistula occurs when bacteria enter the anal glands, causing inflammation and pus formation. A tunnel-like passage may then develop between the inside and outside of the anus.

Hemorrhoid medicines contain different ingredients depending on the symptoms.

- Lidocaine, Dibucaine hydrochloride, and Ethyl aminobenzoate  
 These are local anesthetic ingredients. They act on sensory nerves to block pain signals temporarily and relieve pain and itching.

- Prednisolone acetate and Hydrocortisone acetate  
 These are steroid anti-inflammatory ingredients. They reduce inflammation and swelling, but long-term use should be avoided.

- Allantoin and Alcloxa (Aluminum chlorohydroxy allantoinate)  
 These are tissue-repairing ingredients that help heal damaged tissues.

- Tannic acid and Zinc oxide  
 These have astringent and protective effects and are used to help reduce bleeding and protect mucous membranes.

- Methylephedrine hydrochloride  
 This ingredient causes blood vessel constriction and may help stop bleeding. However, attention is needed because it may cause symptoms such as palpitations, increased blood pressure, or increased blood sugar.

- Tocopherol acetate (Vitamin E)  
 This ingredient improves blood circulation.

Suppositories and injection ointments are applied locally, but some ingredients can be absorbed through the rectal mucosa and enter the bloodstream. Therefore, even topical medicines may have effects on the whole body.

Through this study, I learned that hemorrhoids are not simply a problem of pain or swelling. Treatment depends on the condition, such as bleeding, inflammation, wounds, or infection, and different medicines are used for each purpose.

I experienced discomfort related to hemorrhoids after childbirth, and I realized again that understanding the body and learning correct medical knowledge are important for protecting my own health and the health of my family.

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