
éæã«å ããéæŠãã®ãšãã»ã³ã¹ãå°å¹Žè¹é·ãïŒè€ååæäœåãããŒãã¶ç޹ä»ã
ä»èªãããšã®ã§ããè€åå çã®åæäœåã玹ä»ããŠããã·ãªãŒãºèšäºãæ¬çš¿ã§ã¯åäœãã®ã®æŽ»åãå°å¹Žè¹é·ããåãäžããã
çºè¡šèªã¯ããã®ããå幎çãããã®é ãè€åå çããã£ãšãå€ãã®äœåãçºè¡šããŠããã®ããè¬è«ç€Ÿã®åŠå¹Žå¥åŠç¿èªããã®ãããå çãã§ãã£ãããã®åŸãå°åŠé€šã®ãæ±ãçäœå®¶ãšãªã£ãŠãããããã®æç¹ã§å°åŠé€šã§ã¯äžäœãçºè¡šããŠããªãã
æ¬äœãçºè¡šãã1958幎ã¯ãè€åå çã¯äž»ã«ïŒãžã£ã³ã«ãäžå¿ã«å·çãè¡ã£ãŠãããããªãã¡ãâ åéºãã® â¡åäœã€ãã®åäŸåãäœå â¢çµµç©èªã§ãããæ¬äœã¯â¡ã«åœãŠã¯ãŸãã
ãªããâ¢ã®çµµç©èªã¯ãããã®ããäžå¹Žçãïœããã®ããå幎çãã«ãŠé£èŒããŠãããã¿ããã¿ããã®åéºãã·ãªãŒãºãæåã ããããã¯å€§å šéæªåé²äœåãšãªã£ãŠããŠãèªãããšãã§ããªãã

ãå°å¹Žè¹é·ãããã®ããå幎çã1958幎9æå·å¥åä»é²
æ¬äœã¯ãã€ã®ãªã¹ã®äœå®¶ã»ç·šéè ã§ãã£ããã¬ããªãã¯ã»ããªã¢ããïŒ1792-1848ïŒã®ãå°å¹Žè¹é·ããåäœãšãããããªã¢ããã¯ã€ã®ãªã¹ã®æµ·è»å£«å®åºèº«ã§ãé€éåŸã«äœå®¶ã«è»¢åããç°è²ã®äœå®¶ã
ããã¬ãªã³æŠäºçã£ãã äžã«æµ·è»ã«å ¥éããããªã¢ããã¯ããã®åŸèŠé·ãä»»ããããŸã§åºäžãã人ç©ã§ãå°èª¬ã«ã€ããŠãèªãã®äœéšãå ã«ããæµ·æŽåéºãã®ãåŸæãšããŠããã
æ¬äœã¯ãè±è¥¿æŠäºïŒ1585-1604ïŒãèæ¯ãšããæµ·æŽåéºç©èªãããªã¢ããã®åå «çªã®ããŒãã ããèªåã調ã¹ãéãããŸãç¥ãããå°èª¬ã§ã¯ãªããããããããªã¢ããã¯ãããŸãæ¥æ¬ã«ç޹ä»ãããŠããªãäœå®¶ãªã®ã§ããã
ãªããã®äœåãæŒ«ç»åããããšããã®ãã¯è¬ã ããæŒ«ç»çãèªãéããéåžžã«è€åçãªäœåãšããå°è±¡ãæã£ããäŸãã°ãå°å¹Žãè¹ä¹ãè»äººã«ãªãã®ã ããããã§ã¯æŠäºãããã®ã§ã¯ãªããäžäººã®å°å¥³ãæµå°ã«éãè¿ããšããä»»åãè¡ãã
åçŽãªæµå³æ¹ã«åãããæŠäºãã®ã«çµå§ãããæµãšã®èåãå³ããããªèŠçŽ ãçµã¿èŸŒãŸããŠãããåæäœåã«ãã°ãã°ç»å Žããæ£çŸ©æãã£ã·ãã®äž»äººå ¬ã¯ãèªè ã®å¿ãçŽ çŽã«æŽãããæ¬ãè²·ãäžãã倧人ããèŠãŠãå®å¿ã§ããäœåãšãªã£ãŠããã®ã ã
æ¬äœã¯å š64ããŒãžã®å€§èãéèªã®ç¹å¥ä»é²ã«äžžã åé²ãããŠããç¹å¥ç·šã§ããããã®ãããªåéã®äœåããç· ãåãããã¡ããšå®ããªãããããããã€ã¯ãªãªãã£ã§æãããäœå®¶ã¯äžæ¡ãã ã£ããšãããããè€åå çã¯ãã®ç¹ã§éèŠããã£ãã®ã§ããã
ããŠãåæäœåã®éäŸéããæ¬äœãç« ç«ãŠã®æ§æãšãªã£ãŠããã®ã§ããŸãã¯åç« ã®ã¿ã€ãã«ãåèšããŠã¿ãã
â è¹åºãïŒããŒãž
â¡ããããïŒããŒãž
â¢æŠãã19ããŒãž
â£ããããè¹ã11ããŒãž
â€ã¹ãã€ããšãããã16ããŒãž
â¥ã¹ãã€ã³ãããããªããïŒããŒãž
ããã§ã¯ãç« ããšã«èŠæãšç°¡åãªã¹ããŒãªãŒã远ã£ãŠã¿ããã
â è¹åºãïŒããŒãž
äž»äººå ¬ãšå³æ¹ãšãªãäž»èŠäººç©ã®ç޹ä»ãšãåµãè¿«ã£ãŠããããšãæãããšãªããæ¬äœã®ããããŒã°ã
äž»äººå ¬ãžã£ãã¯ïŒã€ãŒãžãŒãšå人ã®ãããã®äºäººãã士å®åŠæ ¡ã忥ããŠã€ã®ãªã¹æµ·è»ã®æŠèŠããŒããŒå·ã«é å±ããããæŠèŠã¯ã¹ãã€ã³ã«åãã£ãŠè¹åºããã®ã ãããã®æç¹ã§ã¯èªæµ·ã®ç®çã¯æããã«ãªããªãã
ãžã£ãã¯ãšãããããç²æ¿ã§æµ·ãçºããŠãããšãäžçèªæµ·å£«ã§è¹ä¹ãæŽ10幎è¿ãããã©ã³ããžã§ãªãã話ããããŠãããè¹ã®çæŽ»ãæ¥œãã¿ã«ããŠããäºäººã«å¯ŸããŠããæµ·ãçãèŠããšã²ã©ãç®ã«éãããšèŠåã鳎ãããåµãæ¥ãã°ãããŒããŒå·ã¯ã©ã¹ã§ã¯æšã®èã¿ããã ãšããã®ã ã
ãããžãŠã£ã«ãœã³è¹é·ãå§¿ãèŠããŠãããã®åµããããããã£ãŠæ¥ããããšèšãããããªãšããã§æ ããŠããå Žåã§ã¯ãªããšåããããããªãåµãç®åã«è¿«ã£ãŠããããã³ãã®è¯ãç«ã¡äžããã§ããã

â¡ããããïŒããŒãž
æ¬ç« ã¯ããããªãã®åµã«è¥²ããããã®äžã§ãžã£ãã¯ã®ãã£ã©ã¯ã¿ãŒãæããã«ãªãå 容ãšãªã£ãŠããã
åµã«ç«ã¡åããè¹å¡ãã¡ããšãããåšå¢ã®è¯ãã£ããžã£ãã¯ã¯ãæ©ã ã«é ·ãè¹é ãã«ãªããæåéãã«ç®ãåããããããè¹å®€ã«é£ããŠè¡ãäŒãŸãããšããã°ããããŠããããšãããããèµ·ãäžããã
ãã©ãã©ã«ãªããªãããåã³ç²æ¿ã«åºãŠãããžã£ãã¯ããããšãããžé«æ³¢ãè¹ã襲ããåžãç¹ãç¶±ãåããŠããŸãããžã£ãã¯ã¯ããããç¶±ã«é£ã³ã€ããšããããæ ¹æ§ã§é¢ããªãã
ãžã£ãã¯ã®æŽ»èºã«ãã£ãŠåžãé£ã°ãããã«æžã¿ãåµã®åŸããŠã£ã«ãœã³è¹é·ã«é 匵ãå±ã ãšåŽãã®èšèãåããããããŠãããããããé 匵ã£ãŠç«æŽŸãªè¹é·ã«ãªã£ãŠããããšãå±ãŸãããã®ã§ãã£ãã
ãžã£ãã¯ã®æ£çŸ©æãæ ¹æ§ãè¹ä¹ããã¡ãæ¡å€åªããããšãªã©ãæãããç« ãšãªã£ãŠããã

â¢æŠãã19ããŒãž
ïŒç« ç®ã«ããŠããããªãã®ã¯ã©ã€ããã¯ã¹ãšãªãæŠèŠå¯ŸæŠèŠã®æŠéã·ãŒã¯ãšã³ã¹ã§ããã
ãŸãåé ã§ãããããããŒããŒå·ã®ä»»åãæããã«ãªããåœæã®å°äžæµ·ã§ã¯ã¹ãã€ã³ã®ç¡æµèŠéãå¹ ãå©ãããŠãããã€ã®ãªã¹ã®åè¹ãªã©ãæ²ããããæ¡ä»¶ãå€çºããŠãããããŒããŒå·ã¯ãããªã¹ãã€ã³è¹ãç£èŠããä»»åãäžããããŠããã®ã§ããã
ãããŠãã£ããã¹ãã€ã³èŠéïŒé»ãšééããããªãæŠããšãªãããžã£ãã¯ã¯å³ç«¯ã®å€§ç ²ãä»»ããããåããŠã®å®æŠã§ããã
ãžã£ãã¯ã¯ãããªãç ²æã«æåããããéã«ãããã®å€§ç ²ã¯å£ãããŠããŸããå¿é ¬ã®äžã§çåããšãªãããããæµã®çœ ã«ããã£ãŠã倧èŠéã«åãå²ãŸããŠããŸãã
çµ¶äœçµ¶åœã®ãã³ãã«ãç¥é¢šãªãã¬ãåªããèµ·ãããåªãã€ãŸãé¢šãæ¢ãã§ããŒããŒå·ãã¹ãã€ã³èŠéãèªè¡ãã§ããªããªããæŠããäžæãšãªã£ãã®ã ããããããã®åæŠç¶æ ããããŠæã«ãªãã°é¢šãå¹ãå§ããŠããŸãã
座ããŠæ»ã¬ããã«ãããããè¹é·ã¯ããäžèšãèãããããŒãã䜿ã£ãŠãã£ããã¹ãã€ã³èŠéã«è¿ã¥ããç«ãæŸã€ãšããäœæŠã§ããããã®èšç¥ã¯èŠäºã«åœãããã¹ãã€ã³å µãã¡ã¯ããŒãã«ä¹ã£ãŠéãåºããŠããã
ãããšè¹ããéãæãã人圱ãèŠã€ãããžã£ãã¯ã¯ãå身ã¹ãã€ã³èŠã«ä¹ã蟌ã¿ãæµã®ã·ã«ããªè¹é·ãšãè¹å®€ã«éã蟌ããããŠãã女æ§ãã¢ã°ãã¹ãæå©ãããã¢ã°ãã¹ã¯ç¶èŠªã®è²¡ç£ãçã£ãŠããã·ã«ããªã«æ«ãããŠããã®ã ãšããã
ããããããæµãšããã€ã³ã®ç»å Žã§åœ¹è ã¯æããããããæ¬äœã®æ¬é¡ã«çªå ¥ããŠããã

â£ããããè¹ã11ããŒãž
ããŒããŒå·ã¯æŠéã§åããè¹äœã®ä¿®çã®ããããã«ã¿å³¶ã®ããã¯ã«å ¥ããã¢ã°ãã¹ã¯èªåãã¡ã®æµåœã§ããã¹ãã€ã³ã«åž°ããããšèããŠãããããã§ãžã£ãã¯ã¯ãè¹ãããã¯ã«åæ³ããŠããéãäŒæãåã£ãŠã¹ãã€ã³ãŸã§ã¢ã°ãã¹ãéãå±ããããšããè¹é·ã«ç³ãåºãã
ã¹ãã€ã³ã®æž¯ã®åµå¯ãçç±ã«è¹é·ã®èš±è«ŸãåŸãããæµåœã®ã€ã®ãªã¹äººãçŽã蟌ãã§ããããšããããã°ãåœããªããããã§ãããããšå ±ã«ãã©ã³ã¹äººã«å€è£ ããŠãã¢ã°ãã¹ãšã¹ãã€ã³ã«åããããšã«ã
å°ãæªãããªæ°éè¹ã®è¹é·ã«éè²šãæž¡ããŠãã¹ãã€ã³è¡ããè¶³ã確ä¿ããšããããã®è¹ã¯ãå®ã¯æµ·è³è¹ã§ãã£ããåºæž¯ããå€ã«ãªã£ããšããã§ãæµ·è³ãã¡ããžã£ãã¯ãã¡ã®å¯åºã«è¥²ãæãã£ãŠããã
ãã¹ãã«ã§å¿é ¬ããæµ·è³ãã¡ã¯è¹å€ã«è¿œãåºãããšã«æåããããæ®ã£ãïŒäººã ãã§ã¹ãã€ã³ãç®æããªããŠã¯ãªããªããªãã®ã§ãã£ãã

â€ã¹ãã€ããšãããã16ããŒãž
æ¬äœæå€§ã®å±±å Žãšãªãç« ãã¹ãã€ã³ã«å ¥åœããã¢ã°ãã¹ãéãå±ããã®ã ããããã§é亡ããŠããã·ã«ããªãã¡ãšæŠããªããŠã¯ãªããªããªãã
ãžã£ãã¯ãæèã«ããã·ã«ããªè¹é·ã¯ããžã£ãã¯ãšããããã¹ãã€ã³ã«åãã£ãããšãç¥ã£ãŠãã€ã®ãªã¹è»ããé亡ãã¹ãã€ã³ã«æ»ã£ãŠç·ç£ã«é¢äŒãèªåãæãŸããããšæšãã§ãããžã£ãã¯ãšãããã«å ±åŸ©ãã¹ããè»éã®æŽŸé£ããé¡ãããã
äžæ¹ã®ãžã£ãã¯ãšãããã¯ãç¡äºã¢ã°ãã¹ãå®å®¶ã«éãå±ãããã¢ã°ãã¹ã®ç¶èŠªã¯äºäººãã€ã®ãªã¹äººã§ããããšãæ¿ç¥ã®äžã§ãåšã®ã瀌ãšèšãããšã§æåŸ ãããåœãšåœãšã®æŠããšå人çãªäº€æµã¯å šãå¥ç©ãšãããæ¥µããŠè€åçãªã·ãŒã¯ãšã³ã¹ã§ããããã«æãã
å€ãé£äºãããŠãããšãã·ã«ããªãå®¶ã«çŸããããžã£ãã¯ãã¡ãžã®æšã¿ãæŽããã¹ããã¹ãã€ã³è»äººãã¡ã«éžãåãå²ãŸããããããã¹ãã€ç¢ºä¿ãšããåç®ãããã«ãããåäººçæšã¿ã§ãè»äººããããŸã§åããããšãã§ããã»ã©ã«ãã·ã«ããªã®æ¿æ²»åã¯å€§ããã®ã§ããã
äºéãžãšéã蟌ããžã£ãã¯ãã¡ã ããè»äººãã¡ã«ç«ãæŸãããéžå® ã¯ç ã«å ãŸããã倧ãã³ãã®ã¯ãã ãããããç å¹ãšæãããžã£ãã¯ã®æ©æã®è¯ãã§ã屿 ¹ãäŒã£ãŠã¢ã°ãã¹ã®éžå® ããè±åºã«æåããã
éããããŠããŸã£ãã·ã«ããªãšç·ç£ã ã£ãããæ¬¡ãªãæãšããŠãåœå¢ãšæž¯ã«ç¶²ã匵ãäœæŠã«ç§»è¡ããã®ã§ãã£ãã
ãŸããããããæçµæ±ºçãžïŒ

â¥ã¹ãã€ã³ã ããããªããïŒããŒãž
ãžã£ãã¯ãã¡ã¯ãç¡äºã«ã¹ãã€ã³ãé¢ããããšãã§ããã®ãïŒãæåŸã®èŠãå Žãšãªããšã³ãã£ã³ã°ç« ã
ãžã£ãã¯ãã¡äžè¡ã¯ã枯ã«å°çãããèŠæã®ç¶²ã匵ãããã©ã®è¹ãè¶³æ¢ãããããŠããç¶æ³ããã®ãŸãŸã§ã¯åºåœã¯äžå¯èœã§ãããããã§ãžã£ãã¯ã¯ãèãæ¹ãåãæ¿ããããã£ããéãåºãã®ã§ã¯ãªããå ã ãšåºæž¯ããæ¹æ³ãèãåºãã®ã§ããã
ããããã¢ã°ãã¹ãã眮ããŠããžã£ãã¯ã¯äžäººæµ·ã«é£ã³èŸŒã¿ããã£ãããšåæ³ããŠããäžèã®è¹ã«å¿ã³èŸŒããä¹å¡ãæ°çµ¶ããããããªããè¹é·å®€ã«å ¥ããšãããã«ã¯ã·ã«ãã¢ããããå¶ç¶åœŒã®è¹ã«å¿ã³èŸŒãã§ããŸã£ãã®ã ã
ãžã£ãã¯ããããããã¹ãã«ã§è ããŠæèã«ããŠãè¿«ã£ãŠããè»äººãã¡ã®æŠåšãæšãŠããããããã»ã©åšå¢ã®è¯ãã£ãã·ã«ãã¢ã ã£ãã®ã«ããã¹ãã«ãçªãä»ããããŠãå®å šã«ããã£ãŠããŸã£ãããã§ããã
ã·ã«ãã¢ã®è¹ã奪ãåãããšã«æåãããžã£ãã¯ãã¹ãã€ã³å µãã¢ã°ãã¹ãã¡ã®å ãžãšéããè¹ã«æ¡å ããããšããã®ãŸãŸåºèªããŠããŸããã¹ãã€ã³æµ·è»ã®è¹ã枯ãåºãŠããããšããèª°ãæªããŸãªãã£ãã®ã§ããã
ããããŠããžã£ãã¯ãšãããããããŠã·ã«ãã¢ãšãã®ç¶ã®ïŒäººã¯ãã¹ãã€ã³ãå»ã£ãŠãã«ã¿å³¶ãžãšåãããæ¯åœããéãåºã圢ãšãªã£ãŠããŸã£ãã¢ã°ãã¹ã¯ããã¹ãã€ã³ããããããªãããã€ããã£ãšåž°ã£ãŠãããããšãã³ã«ããæ¯ãã®ã§ãã£ãã

æ¬äœã®ç¹åŸŽã¯ãæŠäºãèæ¯ã«ããªãããæµãäžäººã®è¹é·ãšæç£ã«çµããåœå®¶éã®æŠéã䞻軞ãšããŠããªãéšåã ãããããã«ãæµåœã®äººéã§ããã·ã«ãã¢ãšä»²è¯ããªããªã©ãæŠããšã¯é¢ãã人éé¢ä¿ãã¡ã€ã³ã«æããŠããç¹ããèªãã§ããŠæ°æã¡ãè¯ãã
äœãæ°ããã¢ã€ãã£ã¢ãè©°ã蟌ãŸããŠããäœåããšãããšãããã§ããªãã®ã ããæµ·å€ã®åäœãã®ã«ã€ããŠãããã¡ããšè€åã¯ãŒã«ããšããŠãŸãšãäžããæè ã«ãæå¿ããŠããŸãäžäœã§ã¯ãªãã ãããã
åæäœåããŒãã¶ç޹ä»ãŸã§ããšå°ãã