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漢語

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 汉语

Chinese

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Han people speech; language; dialect
trad. (漢語) 漢 語
simp. (汉语) 汉 语
Literally: “Han speech”.

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 漢 語
Reading # 1/1 1/2
Initial (聲) 曉 (32) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 寒 (61) 魚 (22)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I III
Fanqie 呼旰切 魚巨切
Baxter xanH ngjoX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/hɑnH/ /ŋɨʌX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/hɑnH/ /ŋiɔX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/xɑnH/ /ŋiɔX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/hanH/ /ŋɨə̆X/
Li
Rong 		/xɑnH/ /ŋiɔX/
Wang
Li 		/xɑnH/ /ŋĭoX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/xɑnH/ /ŋi̯woX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		hàn yǔ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hon3 jyu5

Proper Noun

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漢語

  1. the Chinese language(s)
    說蹩腳漢語／说蹩脚汉语  ―  shuō biéjiǎo hànyǔ  ―  to speak terrible Chinese
    沉浸式漢語教學／沉浸式汉语教学  ―  chénjìnshì hànyǔ jiàoxué  ―  teaching of Chinese by immersion
    《聲調在漢語音節感知中的作用》 [MSC, trad.]
    《声调在汉语音节感知中的作用》 [MSC, simp.]
    “shēngdiào zài hànyǔ yīnjié gǎnzhī zhōng de zuòyòng” [Pinyin]
    The role of tone in Chinese syllable perception
    你會說漢語嗎？／你会说汉语吗？  ―  Nǐ huì shuō hànyǔ ma?  ―  Can you speak Chinese?
    她既會說英語又會說漢語。 [MSC, trad.]
    她既会说英语又会说汉语。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā jì huì shuō yīngyǔ yòu huì shuō hànyǔ. [Pinyin]
    She can speak both English and Chinese.
    學習漢語發音一定要分清楚聲調。 [MSC, trad.]
    学习汉语发音一定要分清楚声调。 [MSC, simp.]
    Xuéxí hànyǔ fāyīn yīdìng yào fēn qīngchǔ shēngdiào. [Pinyin]
    It is essential to distinguish different tones when studying Chinese.
  2. (narrow sense) the language of the Han Chinese

Usage notes

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  • In mainland China, Standard Mandarin is usually called 中文 (Zhōngwén) or 普通話／普通话 (pǔtōnghuà), while 國語／国语 (guóyǔ) may also be used colloquially, especially in regions where non-Mandarin varieties are spoken. 漢語／汉语 (Hànyǔ) is also commonly used in formal situations and by ethnic minorities to contrast it with their own ethnic language.
  • In Taiwan, it is most commonly referred to as 中文 (Zhōngwén) or 國語／国语 (guóyǔ) when speaking Mandarin; while 華語／华语 (Huáyǔ) is often used when distinguishing Mandarin from the other national languages, such as Taiwanese and Hakka; when speaking Taiwanese and Hakka; and in foreign-facing contexts.
  • In Hong Kong and Macau, it has usually been called 國語／国语, but 普通話／普通话 is becoming more common with further immigration from and integration with mainland China.
  • In Singapore, Malaysia and much of South East Asia, it is most commonly referred to as 華語／华语 (Huáyǔ).

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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References

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Japanese

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Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
Kanji in this term
漢 語
かん
Grade: 3 		ご
Grade: 2
on'yomi
Alternative spelling
漢語 (kyūjitai)

Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 漢語 (MC xanH ngjoX, “Han, Chinese + speech, language”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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漢(かん)語(ご) • (kango) 

  1. kango, a Japanese word of Chinese origin, or a Japanese word coined along Chinese lines (a Sino-Japanese word)
    Antonym: (Japanese word of native Japanese origin) 和語 (wago)
  2. (less commonly) the Chinese language
    Synonym: 中国語 (Chūgokugo)
  3. the ancient Chinese language, the language of the Han (漢 / 汉 (hàn)) ethnicity

Usage notes

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Kango are usually written in kanji, and read with the on'yomi (音読み). Contrast with wago (和語), which may be written in kanji read with the kun'yomi (訓読み) or in kana only.

Kango are derived from Classical Chinese. They are composed of words that:

  1. retained their original meanings in Classical Chinese, such as 天 (ten, “heaven”), 天下 (tenka, “the world”) or 菩薩 (bosatsu, “bodhisattva”)
  2. were repurposed to translate Western concepts, such as 社会 (shakai, “society”), 文化 (bunka, “culture”), 過渡 (kato, “transition”) or 博士 (hakushi, “doctor”)
  3. were newly coined from Classical Chinese syllables, morphemes or graphemes, such as 出超 (shutchō, “trade surplus”) or 腺 (sen, “gland”), where words coined from more than one syllable are called wasei kango (和製漢語) and coined kanji are called kokuji (国字)

Note that some words of Chinese origin are not considered kango, such as 北京 (Pekin, “Beijing”)(a gairaigo (外来語) borrowed from a modern Chinese language), 銭 (zeni, “money”) or 博士 (hakase, “doctor”) (both of which have undergone irregular shifts from their original Chinese pronunciation).

Synonyms

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字音語

See also

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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 “かん‐ご 【漢語】Paid subscription required”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja in this term
漢語

Noun

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漢語 • (haneo) (hangeul 한어)

  1. hanja form? of 한어 (“Chinese language”)

Vietnamese

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chữ Hán Nôm in this term
漢語

Noun

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漢語

  1. chữ Hán form of Hán ngữ (“Chinese language”)
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