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文

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 又, 𠬠, and 攵
文 U+6587, 文
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6587
← 斆
[U+6586] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 斈 →
[U+6588]

⽂ U+2F42, ⽂
KANGXI RADICAL SCRIPT
← ⽁
[U+2F41] 		Kangxi Radicals ⽃ →
[U+2F43]

㉆ U+3246, ㉆
CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH SCHOOL
← ㉅
[U+3245] 		Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㉇ →
[U+3247]

Translingual

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Stroke order

Han character

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See images of
Radical 67 文

文 (Kangxi radical 67, 文+0, 4 strokes, Cangjie input 卜大 (YK), four-corner 00400, composition ⿱亠乂)

  1. Kangxi radical #67, ⽂.

Derived characters

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Additional Derived Characters

Descendants

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  • 𘱒 (Khitan Small Script)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 477, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13450
  • Dae Jaweon: page 831, character 39
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2169, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6587

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 文
alternative forms 彣

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 文
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (文) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
旻 *mrɯn
旼 *mrɯn
汶 *mrɯn, *mɯn, *mɯns
忞 *mrɯn
盿 *mrɯn
枚 *mɯːl
玫 *mɯːl
玟 *mɯːl
文 *mɯn
紋 *mɯn
蚊 *mɯn
雯 *mɯn
彣 *mɯn
馼 *mɯn
鳼 *mɯn
鼤 *mɯn, *mɯns
抆 *mɯnʔ, *mɯns
紊 *mɯns

Ideogram (指事): a man with a painted or tattooed chest – original form of 紋. The tattoo was usually a cross, a V shape or a stylized heart. In current form, tattoo has vanished, so simply an outline of a man (head, outstretched arms, legs, chest) similar to 立. Compare 大, which has no chest.

Unrelated to the Kangxi radicals 齐 and 攵.

Etymology

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Possibly a derivation, with -n nominal suffix, of 煤 (*mɯː) "soot (obs.), ink (obs.), coal" (Schuessler, 2007).

Semantic shift: "pattern, tattoo (made of soot)", "written glyph (made of ink)" > "literature" > "refined, cultured" (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • man4-2 - “writing; (written) language”.
Note: muei2 - only used in the place name 文甲 (originally 門夾).
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 文
Mandarin Beijing /uən³⁵/
Harbin /uən²⁴/
Tianjin /vən⁴⁵/
Jinan /uẽ⁴²/
Qingdao /və̃⁴²/
Zhengzhou /uən⁴²/
Xi'an /vẽ²⁴/
Xining /uə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /vəŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /və̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /vɤŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /uən²¹³/
Chengdu /uən³¹/
Guiyang /uen²¹/
Kunming /uə̃³¹/
Nanjing /un²⁴/
Hefei /uən⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /vəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /uŋ¹³/
Hohhot /və̃ŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /vəŋ²³/
Suzhou /vən¹³/
Hangzhou /ven²¹³/
Wenzhou /vaŋ³¹/
Hui Shexian /uʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /uɛ⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /uən¹³/
Xiangtan /uən¹²/
Gan Nanchang /un⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /vun¹¹/
Taoyuan /vun¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /mɐn²¹/
Nanning /mɐn²¹/
Hong Kong /mɐn²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /bun³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /uŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /uɔŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /buŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /vun³¹/
/mui³¹/ ～昌
Rime
Character 文
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 文 (59)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 無分切
Baxter mjun
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/mɨun/
Pan
Wuyun 		/miun/
Shao
Rongfen 		/miuən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/mun/
Li
Rong 		/miuən/
Wang
Li 		/mĭuən/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/mi̯uən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		wén
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		man4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 文
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		wén
Middle
Chinese 		‹ mjun ›
Old
Chinese 		/*mə[n]/
English ornate

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 文
Reading # 1/1
No. 13015
Phonetic
component 		文
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		文
Old
Chinese 		/*mɯn/

Definitions

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文

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “mark, pattern, design, tattoo, decoration”)
    文如貍／文如狸 [Classical Chinese]  ―  wén rú lí [Pinyin]  ―  having a pattern like that of a wild cat
  2. original form of 紋／纹 (wén, “to tattoo”)
    文身  ―  wénshēn  ―  to tattoo
    文面  ―  wénmiàn  ―  face tattoo
  3. writing; literary composition; literature (Classifier: 篇 c)
    文章  ―  wénzhāng  ―  article, essay
    散文  ―  sǎnwén  ―  prose
    文不對題／文不对题  ―  wénbùduìtí  ―  (of writing or speech) to be beside the point; to be off-topic; to be irrelevant to the subject
    呢篇文寫得唔錯。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    呢篇文写得唔错。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    ni1 pin1 man4-2 se2 dak1 m4 co3. [Jyutping]
    This essay is written quite well.
  4. official document
  5. literary language; Literary Chinese
    半文半白  ―  bànwénbànbái  ―  half literary, half vernacular
  6. short for 文讀／文读 (wéndú, “literary reading”)
  7. script; written form
    甲骨文  ―  jiǎgǔwén  ―  oracle bone script
    書同文，車同軌。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
    书同文，车同轨。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
    Shū tóng wén, chē tóng guǐ. [Pinyin]
    Same ruts for carriages, same script for writing. (i.e., universal standards)
    天城文  ―  tiānchéngwén  ―  Devanagari
  8. (written) language
    Antonym: 語 / 语
    中文  ―  zhōngwén  ―  Chinese
    英文  ―  yīngwén  ―  English
  9. culture
    文化  ―  wénhuà  ―  culture
    文明  ―  wénmíng  ―  civilization
  10. liberal arts; humanities
  11. natural or social phenomenon
    天文  ―  tiānwén  ―  astronomy
    人文  ―  rénwén  ―  humanities; letters
  12. ritual; etiquette
    繁文縟節／繁文缛节  ―  fánwénrùjié  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  13. of a government position, non-military: civil, civilian
    文職／文职  ―  wénzhí  ―  civilian post
    文官  ―  wénguān  ―  civil official
    文武  ―  wénwǔ  ―  civilian and military
  14. gentle; refined
    斯文  ―  sīwén  ―  refined, cultured
    文雅  ―  wényǎ  ―  elegant, refined
  15. 47th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "pattern, repetition" (𝌴)
  16. (archaic) Classifier for coins.
  17. (numismatics) mill (a tenth of a cent)
    一文  ―  yī wén  ―  one mill
  18. (～日) (telegraphy) the twelfth day of a month
    文夕大火  ―  Wénxī Dàhuǒ  ―  1938 Changsha fire
  19. a surname
    文天祥  ―  Wén Tiānxiáng  ―  Wen Tianxiang (Chinese politician and poet in the last years of the Southern Song Dynasty)

Pronunciation 2

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Definitions

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文

  1. to cover
    文過／文过  ―  wénguò, wènguò  ―  to cover one's fault

Pronunciation 3

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For pronunciation and definitions of 文 – see 蚊 (“(Cantonese) yuan; dollar; buck”).
(This character is a variant form of 蚊).

Compounds

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