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央

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 中
央 U+592E, 央
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-592E
← 夭
[U+592D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 夯 →
[U+592F]

Translingual

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Han character

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央 (Kangxi radical 37, 大+2, 5 strokes, Cangjie input 中月大 (LBK), four-corner 50030, composition ⿻冂大 or ⿻𠀃人)

Derived characters

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Additional derived characters

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 249, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5840
  • Dae Jaweon: page 508, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 524, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+592E

Chinese

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trad. 央
simp. # 央

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 央
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (央) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
鴦 *qaːŋ, *qaŋ
佒 *qaːŋ
咉 *qaːŋ, *qaːŋʔ
眏 *qaːŋ
姎 *qaːŋ, *qaːŋʔ
坱 *qaːŋʔ
映 *qaːŋʔ, *qraŋs
泱 *qaːŋʔ, *qaŋ
盎 *qaːŋʔ, *qaːŋs
駚 *qaːŋʔ, *qaŋʔ
軮 *qaːŋʔ
醠 *qaːŋʔ, *qaːŋs
央 *qaŋ
秧 *qaŋ, *qaŋʔ
殃 *qaŋ
鞅 *qaŋ, *qaŋʔ, *qaŋs
鉠 *qaŋ, *qraŋ
雵 *qaŋ
胦 *qaŋ, *qroːŋ
柍 *qaŋʔ
詇 *qaŋʔ, *qaŋs, *qraŋs
岟 *qaŋʔ
炴 *qaŋʔ
怏 *qaŋʔ, *qaŋs
紻 *qaŋʔ
英 *qraŋ
瑛 *qraŋ
霙 *qraŋ
韺 *qraŋ
媖 *qraŋ
渶 *qraŋ
鶧 *qraŋ
楧 *qraŋ
暎 *qraŋs

Unclear. Possibly a pictogram (象形) of a man with the neck in shackles — original form of 鞅 (OC *ʔaŋʔ).[1] Later borrowed to represent 央 (OC *qaŋ, “center”) as an instance of jiajie (假借).

Shuowen interprets it as a person inside a house.

Etymology

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於 (OC ʔa) plus terminative suffix *-ŋ, hence literally "to get to be in the middle" (Schuessler, 2007). See 於 (OC ʔa) for further etymology.

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • yông/rhongˋ - literary;
  • ông/ongˋ - vernacular (limited, e.g. 中央).
Note:
  • yorng1/oeng1/uerng1/yoeng1/yang1/ieng1 - literary;
  • ng1 - vernacular (limited, e.g. 中央, 日中央).
Note:
  • iong - literary;
  • iang - literary (all sense in Zhangzhou, “to beg” in Xiamen and mainstream Taiwanese);
  • ng - vernacular (limited, e.g. 中央).
Note:
  • iang1 - literary;
  • ng1 - vernacular (limited, e.g. 中央).
    • (Leizhou)
      • Leizhou Pinyin: iang1 / o1
      • Sinological IPA: /iaŋ³⁵/, /ɔ³⁵/
Note:
  • iang1 - literary;
  • o1 - vernacular (limited, e.g. 中央).
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 央
Mandarin Beijing /iɑŋ⁵⁵/
Harbin /iaŋ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /iɑŋ²¹/
Jinan /iaŋ²¹³/
Qingdao /iaŋ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /iaŋ²⁴/
Xi'an /iaŋ²¹/
Xining /iɔ̃⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /iɑŋ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /iɑ̃³¹/
Ürümqi /iɑŋ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /iaŋ⁵⁵/
Chengdu /iaŋ⁵⁵/
Guiyang /iaŋ⁵⁵/
Kunming /iã̠⁴⁴/
Nanjing /iaŋ³¹/
Hefei /iɑ̃²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /iɒ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /iɑŋ¹³/
Hohhot /iɑ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /iã⁵³/
Suzhou /iã⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ʔiɑŋ³³/
Wenzhou /j̠i³³/
Hui Shexian /ia³¹/
Tunxi /iau¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ian³³/
Xiangtan /ian³³/
Gan Nanchang /iɔŋ⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /ioŋ⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /oŋ²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jœŋ⁵³/
Nanning /jœŋ⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /jœŋ⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /iɔŋ⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /yoŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /iɔŋ⁵⁴/
/ɔŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /iaŋ³³/
/ŋ³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /iaŋ²³/
/o²³/
Rime
Character 央
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 陽 (105)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 於良切
Baxter 'jang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔɨɐŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔiɐŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔiɑŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔɨaŋ/
Li
Rong 		/ʔiaŋ/
Wang
Li 		/ĭaŋ/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ʔi̯aŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yāng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		joeng1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 央 央
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yāng yāng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔjang › ‹ ʔjang ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔaŋ/ /*ʔaŋ/
English end (v.) center (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 央
Reading # 1/1
No. 14488
Phonetic
component 		央
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		央
Old
Chinese 		/*qaŋ/

Definitions

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央

  1. center; middle
  2. to end; to finish
  3. to beg; to plead; to implore
  4. (alt. form 殃) calamity; disaster
  5. a surname

Pronunciation 2

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Definitions

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央

  1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese) only used in 央央 (yāngyāng) (clarification of this definition is needed)

Compounds

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References

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  1. ^ 張世超、孫凌安、金国泰、馬如森 『金文形義通解』 中文出版社、1996年、1358-1359頁。 季旭昇撰 『説文新証』 芸文印書館、2014年、451-452頁。 林志強等評注 『《文源》評注』 中国社会科学出版社、2017年、232-233頁。

Japanese

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Kanji

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央

(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
央
おう
Grade: 3
goon

From Middle Chinese 央 (MC 'jang).

Pronunciation

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Affix

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央(おう) • (ō) ←あう (au)?

  1. centre, middle
  2. (US) short for 央州 (“Oregon (a state of the United States)”)
    • 1918, 北米年鑑 [The North American Times Yearbook], number 8, Seattle, page 2:
      愛央二州の排日案
      Ai Ō nishuu no hainichi an
      Idaho, Oregon; two states with anti-Japanese sentiments
Derived terms
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Proper noun

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央(おう) • (Ō) ←あう (Au)?

  1. a male given name

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
央
あたる
Grade: 3
nanori

From the verb 当(あ)たる (ataru, “to hit, to win, to be correct”).

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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央(あたる) • (Ataru) 

  1. a male given name

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
央
とおる
Grade: 3
nanori

From the verb 通(とお)る (tōru, “to go through, to pass”).

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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央(とおる) • (Tōru) 

  1. a male given name

Etymology 4

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Kanji in this term
央
なか(ば)
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

From the noun 央(なか)ば (nakaba, “half, middle”).

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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央(なかば) • (Nakaba) 

  1. a male given name

Etymology 5

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Kanji in this term
央
ひさし
Grade: 3
nanori

From the Classical Japanese adjective 久(ひさ)し (hisashi, “long time”), modern form 久(ひさ)しい (hisashii).

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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央(ひさし) • (Hisashi) 

  1. a male given name

Etymology 6

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Kanji in this term
央
ひろし
Grade: 3
nanori

From the Classical Japanese adjective 広(ひろ)し (hiroshi, “wide, broad, spacious, vast”), modern form ひろい (hiroi).

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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央(ひろし) • (Hiroshi) 

  1. a male given name

Etymology 7

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Kanji in this term
央
よう
Grade: 3
on'yomi

From the kanji's on'yomi reading of よう (yō).

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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央(よう) • (Yō) 

  1. a male given name

Etymology 8

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Kanji in this term
央
なか
Grade: 3
kun'yomi

Compare nouns 央(なか)ば (nakaba, “half, middle”) and なか (naka, “inside, middle, center”).

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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央(なか) • (Naka) 

  1. a male given name

Korean

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Hanja

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央 • (ang) (hangeul 앙, revised ang, McCune–Reischauer ang)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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央: Hán Nôm readings: ương, trân

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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