匏

匏 U+530F, 匏 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-530F ← 匎 [U+530E] CJK Unified Ideographs 匐 → [U+5310]

Translingual

Han character

匏 (Kangxi radical 20, 勹+9, 11 strokes, Cangjie input 大尸心口山 (KSPRU), four-corner 4721₂, composition ⿰夸包)

1. gourd
2. musical instrument

Derived characters

• 𫉌

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 151, character 33
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2544
• Dae Jaweon: page 341, character 17
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 542, character 4
• Unihan data for U+530F

Chinese

simp. and trad.		匏

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (勹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
袍	*buː
袌	*buː, *buːs
軳	*buː
抱	*buːʔ
勽	*buːs, *mɯnʔ
菢	*buːs
勹	*pruː
包	*pruː
胞	*pruː, *pʰruː
苞	*pruː
枹	*pruː, *bu, *bu
飽	*pruːʔ
泡	*pʰruː, *m̥ʰruːs, *bruː
炮	*pʰruːs, *bruː
皰	*pʰruːs, *bruːs
疱	*pʰruːs, *bruːs
跑	*bruː, *bruːɡ
咆	*bruː
庖	*bruː
匏	*bruː
刨	*bruː
狍	*bruː
炰	*bruː
鉋	*bruː, *bruːs
瓟	*bruː, *bruːɡ
颮	*bruː, *pʰruːɡ
鞄	*bruː, *bruːʔ, *bruːs, *pʰruːɡ
鮑	*bruːʔ
骲	*bruːʔ, *bruːs, *bruːɡ, *pʰoːɡ
玸	*bu
雹	*bruːɡ
窇	*bruːɡ

Etymology

Cognate with 瓢 (OC *bew, “gourd; dried gourd ladle”), as well as Proto-Lolo-Burmese *pu (“pumpkin, gourd”), whence Burmese ဘူး (bhu:, “gourd”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): páo (pao²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄠˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): paau⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pâu / pû

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: páo
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄠˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: páo
    • Wade–Giles: pʻao²
    • Yale: páu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: paur
    • Palladius: пао (pao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰɑʊ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: paau⁴
    • Yale: pàauh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: paau⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: pao⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰaːu̯²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pâu
    • Tâi-lô: pâu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: paau
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /pau²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /pau¹³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Yongchun, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pû
    • Tâi-lô: pû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: puu
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /pu²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /pu¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Yongchun, Taipei): /pu²⁴/

Note:

• pâu - literary;
• pû - vernacular.

---

• Middle Chinese: baew

Rime
Character	匏
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	薄交切
Baxter	baew
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bˠau/
Pan Wuyun	/bᵚau/
Shao Rongfen	/bau/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/baɨw/
Li Rong	/bau/
Wang Li	/bau/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱau/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	páo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	paau4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ˤru/

  (Zhengzhang): /*bruː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	匏
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	páo
Middle Chinese	‹ bæw ›
Old Chinese	/*[b]ˁru/
English	gourd
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	匏
Reading #	1/1
No.	288
Phonetic component	勹
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	庖
Old Chinese	/*bruː/

Definitions

匏

1. gourd
2. one of the eight categories of musical instruments in the Chinese bayin (八音) classification system, most prominently including mouth organs

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 葫蘆 (“bottle gourd; calabash”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		瓠
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		葫蘆
Northeastern Mandarin	Harbin	葫蘆
	Singapore	葫蘆
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	葫蘆
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	葫蘆
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	葫蘆
	Wanrong	葫蘆
	Xi'an	葫蘆
	Xining	葫蘆
	Xuzhou	葫蘆, 瓠子
	Pizhou	瓠子
	Lianyungang (Ganyu)	瓠子
	Donghai	瓠子
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	葫蘆
Southwestern Mandarin	Wuhan	葫蘆
	Guiyang	葫蘆
	Liuzhou	葫蘆, 葫蘆瓜
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	葫蘆, 瓠子
	Yangzhou	瓠子
	Baoying	瓠子
	Taizhou	瓠子
	Lianyungang	瓠子
	Huai'an (Huaiyin)	瓠子
	Xuyi	瓠子
	Nantong	瓠子
	Rugao	瓠子
	Yancheng	瓠子
	Sihong	瓠子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	葫蘆
	Hong Kong	葫蘆瓜, 葫蘆
	Dongguan	葫蘆, 葫蘆瓜
Gan	Nanchang	葫蘆
	Lichuan	葫蘆, 膨葫
	Pingxiang	葫蘆
Hakka	Meixian	勺嫲瓠
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	瓠仔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	瓠仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	瓠仔
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	瓠
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	瓠仔, 瓠
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	瓠子
Huizhou	Jixi	葫蘆
Jin	Taiyuan	葫蘆
	Xinzhou	葫蘆
Northern Min	Jian'ou	葫蘆瓠
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	葫蘆瓠
Southern Min	Xiamen	匏仔
	Quanzhou	匏仔, 匏
	Zhangzhou	匏仔
	Taipei	匏仔 GT
	Penang (Hokkien)	葫蘆
	Singapore (Hokkien)	匏瓜
	Haikou	葫蘆瓠
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	葫蘆
Wu	Shanghai	葫蘆
	Shanghai (Chongming)	葫落
	Suzhou	葫蘆, 扁蒲
	Wuxi	葫蘆
	Changshu	葫蘆
	Changzhou	葫蘆
	Danyang	葫蘆, 瓠子
	Nanjing (Gaochun)	瓠子
	Hangzhou	葫蘆兒
	Ningbo	葫蘆
	Jinhua	葫蘆
Xiang	Changsha	葫蘆瓜
Note	GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

Compounds

• 匏仔 (pû-á) (Min Nan)
• 匏尊 (páozūn)
• 匏崙 / 匏仑 (Páolún)
• 匏瓜 (páoguā)
• 匏繫 / 匏系 (páoxì)
• 細漢偷挽匏，大漢偷牽牛 / 细汉偷挽匏，大汉偷牵牛 (sè-hàn thau bán pû, tōa-hàn thau khan gû) (Min Nan)

Descendants

Others:

• → Vietnamese: bầu

Japanese

Kanji

匏

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. gourd

Readings

• On (unclassified): ほう (hō)
• Kun: ひさご (hisago)

References

• “^▲匏”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja

匏 • (po) (hangeul 포, revised po, McCune–Reischauer p'o)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

匏 (bào, bầu)